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GUNPOWDER & GEOMETRY: BIBLIOGRAPHY This bibliography accompanies the printed biography Gunpowder & Geometry: The Life of Charles Hutton, Pit Boy, Mathematician and Scientific Rebel (London, 2019). It lists all the sources explicitly cited there, as well as further manuscript and printed sources used in the course of my research on Charles Hutton. I. ARCHIVAL UK BIRMINGHAM: ARCHIVES, HERITAGE AND PHOTOGRAPHY SERVICE MS 3597/103/1–2. Two printed memoirs of Charles Hutton. 1823. MS 3597/103/3–7. Some publishers’ advertisements of Charles Hutton’s works. MS 3597/103/8. Facsimile autograph of Charles Hutton. 1819. MS 3597/105/1. Genealogical details of the Hutton family, compiled by Mrs Catherine Hutton Beale. 1869. MS 3597/106/16A–J. Specimen letters, examples of handwriting, and other material concerning members of the Hutton family. MS 3597/55. Copies of letters and extracts from letters, written by Catherine Hutton, mainly concerning her visits to London. MS 3597/56, 58. Copies of letters and extracts from letters, written by Catherine Hutton, on miscellaneous subjects. MS 3597/73. Letter, Charles Hutton to Catherine Hutton. 18 October 1819. MS 3597/78/1–7. Miscellaneous notes and papers of Catherine Hutton. CAMBRIDGE: CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY MS Add. 7886/117. Letter, Charles Hutton to William Frend. 21 May 1791. NMM PBN4711, copy of Hutton, Tables of the products and powers of numbers (1781) with additional MS errata on initial leaf possibly in Hutton’s hand. REG 9/37: 2. Notebook of accounts of Nevil Maskelyne, including at 83 items relating to Hutton. RGO 4/187/11: 1–2. Letter, Charles Hutton to Nevil Maskelyne. 27 June 1785. RGO 4/187/18. Letter, Charles Hutton to Nevil Maskelyne. Woolwich, 19 December 1793. RGO 4/187/22: 1–2. Letter, Mr Rowed of the Globe Tavern, Fleet Street to Nevil Maskelyne. June 1795. RGO 4/187/26: 1. Letter, Charles Hutton to Nevil Maskelyne. 27 February 1796. RGO 4/325. Account book for Nautical Almanac computers and comparers 1766–1811, including Charles Hutton, 1777–9. RGO 4/326. Charles Hutton’s manuscript calculations for ‘New Divisions of the Circle’. RGO 14/3. Board of Longitude, rough minutes 1767–1820. RGO 14/5. Board of Longitude, confirmed minutes 1737–79. RGO 14/6. Board of Longitude, confirmed minutes 1780–1801. RGO 14/7. Board of Longitude, confirmed minutes 1802–23. BIBLIOGRAPHY RGO 14/9. Board of Longitude, letter book 1782–1810. RGO 14/17: 337–339. Nevil Maskelyne, account with Charles Hutton, 1779–82. RGO 14/44: 120. Letter (copy), Charles Hutton to Dr Mackay. 5 April 1806. RGO 35/43. Letter (photostat), Nevil Maskelyne to Sir Joseph Banks. 16 April 1781. RGO 35/92. Letter (photocopy), Nevil Maskelyne to Charles Hutton. 20 June 179[ ]. RGO 35/106. Letter (photocopy?), David Kinnebrook to his father. 23 February 1795. RGO 35/108. Letter (photocopy), David Kinnebrook to his father. 26 March 1795. RGO 35/115. Letter (photocopy), David Kinnebrook to his father. 29 October 1795. (RGO MSS 35:1–96 are photostats of the Arnold-Forster letter collection: Nigel Arnold-Forster Esq., Basset Down, nr. Swindon, Wilts SN4 9QP.) White b.8, a copy of the Proposals pasted to a letter of Charles Hutton to David Stephenson, 7 February 1795. CAMBRIDGE: TRINITY COLLEGE LIBRARY R.1.59. Miscellaneous mathematical manuscripts by Charles Hutton and others. CHATSWORTH: DEVONSHIRE COLLECTIONS Cavendish MSS New Correspondence: includes a letter of Charles Hutton to Henry Cavendish, 17 November 1798. DURHAM: DURHAM UNIVERSITY LIBRARY DDR/EJ/MLA 1/1760/70/1 and 70A: Marriage licence and bond for Charles Hutton and Isabella Hutton. 7 April 1760. DURHAM: DURHAM RECORD OFFICE D/Gr 461 [M 11]. Letter, Charles Hutton to [?]. 19 May 1783. EDINBURGH: CITY ARCHIVES SL1/1/142 (Town Council Minutes vol. 142), pp. 139–41: Letter (copy), Charles Hutton to Edinburgh Town Council, 19 February 1805. LONDON: BRITISH LIBRARY Add. MS 8098, fol. 385. Letter, Charles Hutton to Joseph Banks. Woolwich, 12 March 1797. Add. MS 28104, fol. 68. Letter, Francis Maseres to Charles Hutton. Inner Temple, 14 April 1801. Add. MS 33542 fol. 483. Letter, Charles Hutton to E. Collins. 1797. Add. MS 34536. Miscellaneous papers relating to C.B. Vignoles. Add. MS 35071. Journals of C.B. Vignoles, 1830–33. Add. MS 37182, fols 60–61. Charles Hutton, testimonial for Charles Babbage. 1816. Add. MS 37910, fol. 85. Letter, Charles Hutton to W. Windham. 1809. Add. MS 37915, fols 218, 220. Letter, Charles Hutton to W. Windham. 15 September 1802. 2 GUNPOWDER & GEOMETRY Add. MS 58203–6. Diaries of C.B. Vignoles, 1824–51. Loan 96 RLF 1/315/2. Letter, Patrick Kelly and Charles Hutton to the Committee of the Literary Fund. April 1814. MS Facsimile *920 (1–3). Calendar of Vignoles correspondence held at Portsmouth City Records Office. LONDON: LONDON METROPOLITAN ARCHIVE CLA/022/02/024. Appendices (printed) to a report to the Bridge House Estates Committee on the state of London Bridge. 1821. Including an Opinion of Dr Charles Hutton on effects of an enlargement of the waterway. 1819. LONDON: THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES, KEW PRO 30/9/131, fols 20–22. Letter, Charles Hutton to Rennie. 10 February 1802. PROB 11/1590/64: Will of Charles Earl Stanhope. 22 November 1805. PROB 11/1666/375, fol. 297v. Will of Charles Hutton. 27 February 1823. PROB 11/1944/164, fol. 155r. Will of Olinthus Gregory. LONDON: THE ROYAL ARTILLERY MUSEUM (‘FIREPOWER’) MD/913. Miscellaneous papers of Charles Hutton and Olinthus Gregory. LONDON: ROYAL SOCIETY LIBRARY AND ARCHIVE CMB/90/2. Minutes of Committee of Papers, 20 January 1780–17 January 1828. CMO/6. Original Council minutes, 1769–78. CMO/7. Original Council minutes, 1778–90. CMO/8. Original Council minutes, 1791–1811. CMO/8A. Index to minutes of meetings of Council, volumes 1–8, 1663–1811. CMO/9. Original Council minutes, 1811–22. CMO/10. Original Council minutes, 1822–8. EC/1774/18. Proposal of Hutton for Fellowship of the Royal Society, read 10 March 1774. EC/1780/07. Proposal of Isaac Milner for Fellowship of the Royal Society, read 9 March, 1780. EC/1780/19. Proposal of Thomas Davies for Fellowship of the Royal Society, read 7 December 1780. EC/1821/44. Proposal of George Rennie for Fellowship of the Royal Society, read 20 December 1821. JBO/31. Original Journal Book, 1781–4. JBO/32. Original Journal Book, 1784–7. JBO/43. Original Journal Book, 1819–23. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY MC/3/150. Letter of Charles Blacker Vignoles to the Marquis of Northampton, 25 March 1841. MM/1. Miscellaneous items relating to the Hutton affair. MM/15/4. Copy of notes on determining the heights of mountains by the barometer, by Nevil Maskelyne and Charles Hutton. MM/22/10. Letter, John J. Bennett to Robert Brown, describing the 1783–4 Hutton affair. 16 November 1839. RSL/1. Letter book of the Royal Society, 1740–65. RSL/2. Letter book of the Royal Society, 1784–7. LONDON: SENATE HOUSE LIBRARY [DeM] L.4 [Waring]. Copy of Edward Waring, On the Principles of Translating Algebraic Quantities into Probable Relations and Annuities, &c. (Cambridge, 1792), with letter, Charles Hutton to Francis Baily, 13 July [1808?], tipped in at rear. MS 235. Manuscript translation from Niccolò Tartaglia, Quesiti, et inuentioni diverse (Venice, 1546), book 9, by Charles Hutton. c. 1800. MS 913B/3/1 (xiv). Letter, John Playfair to Charles Hutton. 12 December 1782. MS 913B/3/1 (xv). Letter, Sir John Leslie to Charles Hutton. 14 October 1795. MS 913B/3/3 (xv). Letter, Charles Hutton to Francis Bailey. 1821. LONDON: UNIVERSITY COLLEGE ARCHIVES MS Galton 2/4/1/2/9. Letter of Charles Blacker Vignoles to Francis Galton, 17 Nov 1865, concerning Charles Hutton and other relatives. MS Graves 23/3/5. Letter from Reuben Burrow to Charles Hutton, 24 September 1773. LONDON: WELLCOME COLLECTION MS 5270. Includes letters of Banks to Hutton, Baily to Catherine Hutton, Matthew Robinson Boulton to Catherine Hutton, William Hamper to Catherine Hutton, Hutton to Catherine Hutton, John Nichols to William and Catherine Hutton, and Playfair to Hutton MS 7430 no. 38. Letter of John Playfair to Hutton. 21 April 1788. NEWCASTLE: NEWCASTLE LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY N925/1. Copy of John Bruce, A Memoir of Charles Hutton (1823) with miscellaneous material relating to Charles Hutton tipped in at rear, including obituaries and manuscript letters. NEWCASTLE: TYNE AND WEAR ARCHIVE 1845/DBC1. Accounts for Long Benton colliery, 1748–77. 4 GUNPOWDER & GEOMETRY Although this item appears in older catalogues, Alyson Pigott of the Archives Enquiry Team at Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums states that it is no longer available at this location. Its current location is not known. OXFORD: BODLEIAN LIBRARY MS Add. C. 89, fol. 167. Letter, Charles Hutton to Ralph Griffiths. 1 May 1802. MS Add. C. 89, fol. 196. Letter, John Leslie to Ralph Griffiths. 4 December 1794. MS Add. C. 89, fol. 197. Letter, John Leslie to Ralph Griffiths. 23 December 1794. MS Eng. misc. b. 190, fols. 1–2. Articles of agreement between Charles Hutton and George and John Robinson for the publication of the Course. MS Eng. misc. d. 160, fols. 181–2. Letter, Mark Noble to Rev. Mark Noble. 5 July 1809. MS Eng. Misc. e 146, treatise ‘On the mathematical principles of gunnery’ by William Lambton, c. 1781–2. MS Montagu d. 7, fols 560–62. Letter, Charles Hutton to Messrs. Kent. 16 November ?1807. OXFORD: MUSEUM OF THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE MS Evans 31. Drafts of letters from Lewis Evans to Charles Hutton, 1782–94. MS Museum 41, item 1. Letter of Abraham Robertson to Charles Hutton, 16 December 1796. PLYMOUTH: PLYMOUTH AND WEST DEVON RECORD OFFICE 105/164.
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  • “I Think I Would Better Satisfy My Desire by Working on an English Book on Artillery” Euler's Work on Ballistics (And

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    “I think I would better satisfy my desire by working on an English book on artillery” Euler’s work on ballistics (and its precursors) June Barrow-Green The Open University ‘Mathematics in War and Peace’ BSHM and Gresham College 24 October 2018 Aristotle’s theory of projectile motion A shot object (cannon ball) follows a straight line until it loses its impetus at which point it falls straight to the ground. Daniel Santbech Problematum Astronomicorum et Geometricorum Sectiones Septem (1561) Niccolò Fontana (1499–1577) ‘Tartaglia’ (the stammerer) 1512 Wounded by French soldier 1535 Won a mathematics challenge by being able to solve two types of cubic equation 1537 La nova scientia 1543 First Italian edition of Euclid’s Elements 1556-60 Trattato di numeri et misure, 3 vol. “Treatise on Numbers and Measures” La nova scientia (1537) “The mathematical sciences speak: Who wishes to know the various causes of things, learn about us. The way is open to all.” La nova scientia (1537) La nova scientia (1537) Trajectory composed of three segments: Violent motion (i) rectilinear segment (ii) an arc of circumference Natural motion (iii) rectilinear segment turning towards the centre of the Earth. Claimed maximum range is attained when angle of elevation is 45o. Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) The Dialogues of the Two New Sciences (1638) Includes inclined plane experiment to determine the path of a projectile Galileo’s experiment to determine projectile motion Galileo placed an inclined plane on a table and provided it with a curved piece at the bottom which deflected an inked bronze ball into a horizontal direction.