1 Department of Media, Culture, and Communication NYU Steinhardt

Marita Sturken Department of Media, Culture, and Communication 239 Greene Street 8th Floor 212-992-9424 [email protected]

Cultural Memory

COURSE DESCRIPTION This course examines how cultural memory is enacted through visual culture in a comparative global context. It looks at the rise of a memory culture over the last few decades, in particular in the United States, Europe and Latin America, and how this engagement with memory demonstrates how the politics of memory can reveal aspects of nationalism and national identity, ethnic conflict and strife, the legacies of state terrorism, and the deployment of memory as a means for further continued conflict. Our focus will be primarily on a comparison of the US context with Germany, Argentina, Chile, and Latin American contexts, with a particular focus on how artists, designers, and architects have engaged with cultural memory in art and architecture.

We will be looking at memorials, museums, artistic projects, design, and architecture as central to how cultural memory is shaped. We will situate these projects in relation to the memory industry and global consumer economy, through which cultural memory is packaged, branded, and consumed. These intersections—memory, visual culture, consumerism, nationalism, and globalization—will frame our inquiries.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: By the end of the course, students will be able to: --Define cultural memory and visual culture, and their importance as fields of study. --Narrate the politics of memory, and how cultural engagements with memory reveal aspects of nationalism, national identity, empire, and political movements. --Identify the engagement of artists, designers, and architects with questions of cultural memory. --Analyze the aesthetics of memory and how design forms create particular kinds of cultural meaning. --Analyze how urban settings are reconstructed, redesigned, and remade, and how this relates to changing social and political meanings. --Evaluate the consequences of various memory practices on a society’s coherence and social identity. --Evaluate how tourism and consumerism construct cultural memory.

1 2 COURSE REQUIREMENTS: Students are required to attend all classes, complete the readings for each class session, and complete all assignments. If you miss more than 4 classes without a reasonable excuse, your grade will be lowered.

You should make an effort to meet with me in person at some point in the semester. I am available for consultation via e-mail, in office hours, and by appointment.

ASSIGNMENTS: There are 2 short papers (5 pages each), a class presentation, and a research paper/project. The short papers will each be an analysis of a memorial site, exhibition, art work, or photograph, etc. Students will be expected to submit proposals for their final papers and to engage in a deep way with the topics of the course in their final paper. The final paper will be 10-12 pages.

These assignments will be evaluated with the following value: Short Papers, 20% each Class presentation and general participation: 20% Final Research Paper: 40%

WEEKLY SCHEDULE

Week 1:

—Introduction

—What is Visual Culture? Reading: Nicholas Mirzoeff, “Critical Visual Studies” Marita Sturken and Lisa Cartwright, Practices of Looking, Introduction

Week 2:

—Concepts of Memory Reading: Maurice Halbwachs, Collective Memory (excerpt) Sigmund Freud, “A Note Upon the Mystic Writing Pad”

—Cultural Memory Reading: Marita Sturken, Tangled Memories, Introduction Pierre Nora, “Between Memory and History” (excerpt) Paper 1 assignment given.

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Week 3:

—The Modern City Reading: Practices of Looking, pp. 93-104 Walter Benjamin, Berlin Childhood (excerpt)

— The City as Memory Reading: Christine Boyer, The City of Collective Memory (excerpt) Marc Treib, Spatial Recall (select essays)

Week 4:

— Memory and Nationalism Reading: Benedict Anderson, "Imagined Communities” Jan Assman, “Collective Memory and Cultural Identity”

— Memorials: Traditions and Meanings Reading: Erika Doss, Memorial Mania Paper 1 due.

Week 5:

— Memorials and Counter-memorials Reading: Marita Sturken, “The Wall and the Screen Memory” Paper 2 assignment given.

— Monuments and Counter-monuments Reading: James Young, “Memory, Countermemory and the End of the Monument” James Young, “Germany’s Holocaust Memorial Problem”

3 4 Week 6:

— Memorial Museums Reading: Andreas Huyssen, “The Voids of Berlin” Harvey Molotch, “How the 9/11 Museum Gets Us”

— Remembering 9/11 Reading: Marita Sturken, Tourists of History, Chapter 4 David Simpson, 9/11 (excerpt)

Week 7:

— Field trip to 9/11 Memorial and Museum Reading: General reviews of museum, TBD Paper 2 due.

— Discussion and Reassessment

SPRING BREAK

Week 8:

— Architectures of Memory Reading: Mark Treib, Spatial Recall: Memory in Architecture and Landscape excerpts

— Architectures of Grief Reading: Marita Sturken, Tourists of History, Chapter 5

Week 9:

— The Photograph as Memory Reading: Geoffrey Batchen, “Forget Me Not” (excerpt) Marita Sturken, “The Camera Image and National Meanings”

4 5 — Family Pictures Reading: Leo Spitzer, “The Album and the Crossing” Marcelo Brodsky, Buena Memoria Final Paper Proposals Due

Week 10:

— Postmemory Reading: Marianne Hirsch, The Generation of Postmemory, Introduction

— Postmemory and Graphic Novels Reading: Art Spiegelman, Maus (excerpt) Andreas Huyssen, “Of Mice and Mimesis”

Week 11:

— Performing Memory/Remembrance Reading: Diana Taylor, “Trauma as Durational Performance

— Disappearance/Absence: Latin American contexts Reading: Katherine Hite, Politics and the Art of Commemoration (excerpt)

Week 12:

— Visuality and Power Reading: Nicholas Mizoeff, The Right to Look, Introduction

— Rethinking Memory in a Comparative Frame Reading: Michael Rothberg, Multidirectional Memory (excerpt)

Week 13:

—Tourism Reading: Dean McCannell, The Tourist excerpts Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, “Destination Culture”

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— Memory Tourism Reading: Brigitte Sion, Balancing Memory, Architecture and Tourism, excerpt

Week 14:

— Kitsch, Checkpoint Charlie, and the 9/11 Gift Shop: The Problems of Memory Reading: Marita Sturken, Tourists of History, excerpt

—Conclusion

General Bibliography

Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso, 1983.

Azoulay, Ariella. The Civil Contract of Photography. New York: Zone Books, 2008.

Barthes, Roland. Camera Lucida: Reflections on Photography. Trans. Richard Howard. New York: Hill and Wang, 1981.

Butler, Judith. Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence. London: Verso, 2003.

Clark, Laurie Beth. “Placed and Displaced: Trauma Memorials.” In Performance and Place, edited by Leslie Hill and Helen Paris. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006, 129-38.

Colomb, Claire. Staging the New Berlin: Place Marketing and the Politics of Urban Reinvention Post-1989. New York: Routledge, 2011.

Desmond, Jane. Staging Tourism: Bodies on Display From Waikiki to Sea World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.

Doss, Erika. Memorial Mania: Public Feeling in America. Chicago: University of Chicago, 2010.

6 7 Feldman, Allen. “Memory Theatres, Virtual Witnessing, and the Trauma- Aesthetic. ”Biography 27, no. 1 (2004): 163-202.

Foote, Kenneth E. Shadowed Ground: America’s Landscapes of Violence and Tragedy. Revised and Updated. Austin: University of Texas Press, [1997] 2003.

Freud, Sigmund. “Screen memories.” The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume III. London: Hogarth Press, 1899, 301-22..

______. “Remembering, Repeating and Working-Through.” The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume XII. Translated by James Strachey. London: Hogarth, [1914] 1958, 145-56.

Goldberger, Paul. “Requiem: Memorializing Terrorism’s Victims in Oklahoma.” New Yorker. January 14, 2002, 90.

______. Up From Zero: Politics, Architecture, and the Rebuilding of New York. New York: Random House, 2004.

Gomez-Barris, Macarena. Where Memory Dwells: Culture and State Violence in Chile. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009.

Gordon, Avery. Ghostly Matters: Haunting and the Sociological Imagination. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.

Halbwachs, Maurice . On Collective Memory. Trans. Lewis A. Coser. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.

Hirsch, Marianne. Family Frames: Photography, Narrative and Postmemory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997.

______. The Generation of Postmemory: Writing and Visual Culture after the Holocaust. New York: Columbia University Press, 2012.

Hirsch, Marianne and Leo Spitzer. Ghosts of Home: The Afterlife of Czernowitz in Jewish Memory. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010.

______. “On Class Photos.” Nomadikon.net Accessed February 10, 2013. http://www.nomadikon.net/contentitem.aspx?ci=162

Huyssen, Andreas. Twilight Memories: Marking Time in a Culture of Amnesia. New York: Routledge, 1995.

______. Present Pasts: Urban Palimpsests and the Politics of Memory. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2003.

7 8 Irwin-Zarecka, Iwona. Frames of Remembrance: The Dynamics of Collective Memory. Edison, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1994.

Isenberg, Noah. “Reading ‘Between the Lines’: Daniel Libeskind’s Berlin Jewish Museum and the Shattered Symbiosis.” In Unlikely History: The Changing German-Jewish Symbiosis, 1945-2000, edited by Leslie Morris and Jack Zipes. New York: Palgrave, 2002), 155-79.

Jelin, Elizabeth. State Repression and the Labors of Memory. Trans. Judy Rein and Marcial Godoy-Anativia. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2003.

Kirschenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara. Destination Culture: Tourism, Museums, and Heritage. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.

Ladd, Brian. The Ghosts of Berlin: Confronting German History in the Urban Landscape. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.

Landsberg, Alison. Prosthetic Memory: The Transformation of American Remembrance in the Age of Mass Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.

Laub, Dori. “On Holocaust Testimony and its ‘Reception’ within its Own Frame, as a Process in its Own Right.” In History and Memory 21.1 (Spring/Summer 2009): 127- 50.

Laub, Dori and Shoshana Felman. Testimony: Crises of Witnessing in Literature, Psychoanalysis, and History. New York: Routledge, 1992.

Libeskind, Daniel. Jewish Museum Berlin. Berlin: G&B Arts International, 1999.

Linenthal, Edward T. Sacred Ground: Americans and Their Battlefields. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991.

______. The Unfinished Bombing: Oklahoma City in American Memory. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.

______. “‘The Predicament of Aftermath’: Oklahoma City and September 11.” In The Resilient City: How Modern Cities Recover From Disaster, edited by Lawrence J. Vale and Thomas J. Campanella. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005, 55-74.

Mitchell, W.J.T. “Showing Seeing: A Critique of Visual Culture.” In The Visual Culture Reader. Edited by Nicholas Mirzoeff. New York: Routledge, 2002. 83-101.

______. What Do Pictures Want? The Lives and Loves of Images. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2005.

8 9 MacCannell, Dean. The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999 [1976].

Mirzoeff, Nicholas. The Right to Look: A Counterhistory of Visuality. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2011.

______. An Introduction to Visual Culture. Second Edition. New York: Routledge, 2009.

Nora, Pierre. “Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Mémoire.” Representations 26 (Spring 1989): 7- 25.

Ockman, Joan, ed. Out of Ground Zero: Case Studies in Urban Reinvention. Munich and New York: Prestel Verlag, 2002.

Olick, Jeffrey K. The Politics of Regret: On Collective Memory and Historical Responsibility. New York: Routledge, 2007.

Radstone, Susannah and Bill Schwarz, eds. Memory: Histories, Theories, Debates. New York: Fordham University Press, 2010.

Rothberg, Michael. Multidirectional Memory: Remembering the Holocaust in the Age of Decolonization. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2009.

Schwartz, Vanessa and Jeannene Przyblyski, eds. The Nineteenth-Century Visual Culture Reader. New York: Routledge, 2004.

Simpson, David. 9/11: The Culture of Commemoration. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.

Sion, Brigitte. Memorials in Berlin and Buenos Aires: Balancing Memory, Architecture, and Tourism. New York: Lexington, 2014.

Sorkin, Michael. Starting From Zero: Reconstructing Downtown New York. New York: Routledge, 2003.

Spiegelman, Art. The Complete Maus: A Survivor’s Tale. New York: Pantheon, 1996.

______. In the Shadow of No Towers. New York: Pantheon, 2004.

Sturken, Marita. Tangled Memories: The Vietnam War, the AIDS Epidemic, and the Politics of Remembering. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.

______. Tourists of History: Memory, Kitsch, and Consumerism from Oklahoma City to Ground Zero. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007.

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Sturken, Marita and Lisa Cartwright. Practices of Looking: An Introduction to Visual Culture. Second Edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.

Taylor, Diana. The Archive and Repertoire: Performing Cultural Memory in the Americas. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007.

Taylor, Frederick. The Berlin Wall: A World Divided, 1961-1989. New York, Farrar Strauss Giroux, 2008.

Till, Karen. The New Berlin: Memory, Politics, Place. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005.

Treib, Mark, ed. Spatial Recall: Memory in Architecture and Landscape. New York: Routledge, 2009.

Van Alphen, Ernst. Caught by History: Holocaust Effects in Art, Literature, and Theory. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997.

Winter, Jay. Remembering War: The Great War between Memory and History in the Twentieth Century. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006.

Young, James. E. The Texture of Memory: Holocaust Memorials and Meaning. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1993.

______. At Memory's Edge: After-Images of the Holocaust in Contemporary Art and Architecture. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000.

Zelizer, Barbie. Remembering to Forget: Holocaust Memory Through the Camera’s Eye. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.

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