DOCSLIB.ORG

Physical Mapping and Evolution of Banana Genome (Musa Spp.)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Palacký University Olomouc Faculty of Science Department of Botany and Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research Institute of Experimental Botany Olomouc Jana Čížková Physical Mapping and Evolution of Banana Genome (Musa spp.) Ph.D. Thesis Supervisor: prof. Ing. Jaroslav Doležel, DrSc. Olomouc 2013 Acknowledgements: I would like to thank to my supervisor prof. Ing. Jaroslav Doležel, DrSc. for the opportunity to be a member of the Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Cytometry and the Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics. I am very grateful for his guidance, good advice and kindness. I would like to express my thanks to my second supervisor Mgr. Eva Hřibová, Ph.D. for her continuous support and friendship. Her help and great patience at all times have been invaluable. My sincere thanks also go to my colleagues and friends in the Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Cytometry and the Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics for making my Ph.D. studies an unforgettable experience. Lastly, I would like to thank to my family for all their love and encouragement. 2 Declaration: I hereby declare that I elaborated this Ph.D. thesis independently under the supervision of prof. Ing. Jaroslav Doležel, DrSc. and Mgr. Eva Hřibová, Ph.D., using only information sources refered in the Literature chapter. .................................................. 3 This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic and the European Regional Development Fund (Operational Programme Research and Development for Innovations No. ED0007/01/01, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (grant award No. LG12021), Bioversity International, Montpellier, France (LoA CfL 2010/58, LoA CfL 2011/51, LoA CfL 2012/43) and Internal Grant Agency of Palacký University (grant award No. IGA PrF/2012/001). 4 BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION Author’s name: Jana Čížková Title: Physical Mapping and Evolution of Banana Genome (Musa spp.) Type of Thesis: Ph.D. thesis Department: Botany Supervisor: prof. Ing. Jaroslav Doležel, DrSc. Second Supervisor: Mgr. Eva Hřibová, Ph.D. The Year of Presentation: 2013 Abstract: Bananas (Musa spp., family Musaceae) are one of the top export commodities and an essential nutrition source for millions of people, especially in developing countries of tropical and subtropical regions. Despite the unquestionable importance of this crop, there is a lack of knowledge about the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships and the structure, organization and evolution of banana genome. This study employed several molecular approaches with the aim to contribute to the characterization of the genetic diversity and evolution of species belonging to the family Musaceae. Cytogenetic mapping of specific sequences on mitotic chromosomes of bananas was used to shed more light on the structure and organization of banana genome. In the first part of this thesis, analysis of the ITS region of nrDNA was used to study the phylogenetic relationships within the family Musaceae. The study provides a plausible picture of the evolution of Musaceae species which can be further utilized in improving the classification within the genus. The second part of the work was aimed at molecular analysis and cytogenetic mapping of two main banana DNA satellites. Their genomic organization and molecular diversity was estimated in a set of nineteen Musa accessions. A high potential of these satellites as cytogenetic markers was shown. Their use as probes for FISH significantly increases the number of chromosomes which can be identified in Musa. In the third part of this thesis, genetic diversity of a set of wild Musa species was analysed. The study provides a novel data on nuclear genome size and genomic distribution of rRNA genes in banana and increases the knowledge about the genome structure of wild Musa species. For molecular characterization of studied accessions, SSR genotyping 5 and analysis of the ITS region were used confirming their usefulness for assessing the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships among banana species. Keywords: Musa, banana, genome, physical cytogenetic mapping, evolution Number of Pages/Apendices: 191/0 Language: English 6 BIBLIOGRAFICKÁ IDENTIFIKACE Jméno: Jana Čížková Téma: Fyzické mapování a evoluce genomu banánovníku (Musa spp.) Typ práce: Disertační práce Obor: Botanika Školitel: prof. Ing. Jaroslav Doležel, DrSc. Školitel specialista: Mgr. Eva Hřibová, Ph.D. Rok obhajoby: 2013 Abtrakt: Banánovník (Musa spp, čeleď Musaceae) je jednou z nejdůležitějších exportních plodin a nezastupitelný zdroj obživy pro miliony lidí žijících v rozvojových zemích tropických a subtropických oblastí. Navzdory nezpochybnitelné důležitosti této plodiny je zde nedostatek informací o genetické diverzitě, fylogenetických vztazích v rámci čeledi a struktuře, organizaci a evoluci genomu banánovníku. Tato disertační práce si kladla za cíl přispět k charakterizaci genetické diverzity a evoluce druhů čeledi Musaceae za pomoci molekulárních metod. Struktura a organizace genomu banánovníku byla studována pomocí cytogenetického mapování specifických sekvencí na mitotické chromozómy. V první části práce byla pro studium fylogenetických vztahů v rámci čeledi Musaceae využita analýza ITS oblasti ribozomální DNA. Tato studie poskytla přesvědčivý pohled na evoluci druhů čeledi Musaceae, který může být dále využitelný pro zpřesnění klasifikace jednotlivých druhů. Druhá část této práce byla zaměřena na molekulární analýzu a cytogenetické mapování dvou hlavních DNA satelitů vyskytujících se v genomu banánovníku. V souboru devatenácti zástupců rodu Musa byla určena genomická organizace a molekulární diverzita těchto DNA satelitů. Použití těchto satelitních sekvencí jako sond pro FISH výrazně zvýšilo počet chromozómů, které mohou být genomu banánovníku identifikovány, což dokazuje jejich vysoký potenciál jakožto cytogenetických markerů. Třetí část této disertační práce se zabývala charakterizací genetické diverzity planě rostoucích druhů rodu Musa. Tato studie přináší nové poznatky o velikosti jaderného genomu a distribuci rRNA genů v genomu banánovníku. Zvyšuje tak znalosti o struktuře genomu planě rostoucích druhů rodu Musa. Pro molekulární charakterizaci studovaných položek bylo použito SSR genotypování a analýza ITS oblasti. Tento přístup se ukázal jako 7 užitečný a vhodný pro stanovení genetické diverzity a evolučních vztahů mezi jednotlivými druhy banánovníku. Klíčová slova: Musa, banánovník, genom, fyzické cytogenetické mapování, evoluce Počet stran/příloh: 191/0 Jazyk: anglický 8 CONTENT 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 11 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................... 12 2.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF BANANAS ......................................................... 12 2.1.1 Morphological characteristics ......................................................................... 12 2.1.2 Taxonomic classification and distribution ...................................................... 14 2.1.3 Socio-economic importance ........................................................................... 18 2.1.4 Diseases and breeding of resistant cultivars ................................................... 20 2.1.5 Banana germplasm .......................................................................................... 21 2.2 PLANT NUCLEAR GENOME ..................................................................... 22 2.2.1 Nuclear genome size ....................................................................................... 22 2.2.1.1 Methods for nuclear genome size estimation ........................................................ 22 2.2.1.2 Nuclear genome size of banana ............................................................................. 24 2.2.2 Structure and organization of plant genomes .................................................. 26 2.2.2.1 Composition of plant nuclear DNA ....................................................................... 27 2.2.2.1.1 Repetitive DNA sequences ........................................................................ 27 2.2.2.1.1.1 Tandemly repeated DNA ................................................................... 28 2.2.2.1.1.2 Dispersed DNA sequences ................................................................. 29 2.2.2.2 Structure and organization of banana genome ...................................................... 32 2.2.2.2.1 Composition of nuclear DNA of banana .................................................... 33 2.3 PHYSICAL MAPPING OF PLANT GENOMES .......................................... 35 2.3.1 Cytogenetic mapping of plant genomes .......................................................... 36 2.3.1.1 Fluorescence in situ hybridization ......................................................................... 37 2.3.1.2 Cytogenetic mapping of banana genome .............................................................. 39 2.4 PLANT MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS ................................................ 42 2.4.1 Molecular DNA markers ................................................................................ 42 2.4.1.1 Molecular DNA markers based on hybridization .................................................. 42 2.4.1.2 Molecular DNA markers based on PCR ............................................................... 43 2.4.1.3 Molecular
Recommended publications
  • Advancing Banana and Plantain R & D in Asia and the Pacific

    Advancing Banana and Plantain R & D in Asia and the Pacific

    Advancing banana and plantain R & D in Asia and the Pacific Proceedings of the 9th INIBAP-ASPNET Regional Advisory Committee meeting held at South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China - 2-5 November 1999 A. B. Molina and V. N. Roa, editors The mission of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain is to sustainably increase the productivity of banana and plantain grown on smallholdings for domestic consumption and for local and export markets. The Programme has four specific objectives: · To organize and coordinate a global research effort on banana and plantain, aimed at the development, evaluation and dissemination of improved banana cultivars and at the conservation and use of Musa diversity. · To promote and strengthen collaboration and partnerships in banana-related activities at the national, regional and global levels. · To strengthen the ability of NARS to conduct research and development activities on bananas and plantains. · To coordinate, facilitate and support the production, collection and exchange of information and documentation related to banana and plantain. Since May 1994, INIBAP is a programme of the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) is an autonomous international scientific organization, supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). IPGRIs mandate is to advocate the conservation and use of plant genetic resources for the benefit of present and future generations. IPGRIs headquarters is based in Rome, Italy, with offices in another 14 countries worldwide. It operates through three programmes: (1) the Plant Genetic Resources Programme, (2) the CGIAR Genetic Resources Support Programme, and (3) the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP).
  • Ethnobotanical Study on Wild Edible Plants Used by Three Trans-Boundary Ethnic Groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu’Er, Southwest China

    Ethnobotanical Study on Wild Edible Plants Used by Three Trans-Boundary Ethnic Groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu’Er, Southwest China

    Ethnobotanical study on wild edible plants used by three trans-boundary ethnic groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu’er, Southwest China Yilin Cao Agriculture Service Center, Zhengdong Township, Pu'er City, Yunnan China ren li ( [email protected] ) Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0810-0359 Shishun Zhou Shoutheast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Liang Song Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Intergrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ruichang Quan Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Huabin Hu CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Keywords: wild edible plants, trans-boundary ethnic groups, traditional knowledge, conservation and sustainable use, Jiangcheng County Posted Date: September 29th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-40805/v2 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published on October 27th, 2020. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00420-1. Page 1/35 Abstract Background: Dai, Hani, and Yao people, in the trans-boundary region between China, Laos, and Vietnam, have gathered plentiful traditional knowledge about wild edible plants during their long history of understanding and using natural resources. The ecologically rich environment and the multi-ethnic integration provide a valuable foundation and driving force for high biodiversity and cultural diversity in this region.
  • Www .Oan.O Rg /Ad S

    Www .Oan.O Rg /Ad S

    Product Listing Booklet for the 2017–18 Print listings are due: APRIL 3, 2017 www.NurseryGuide.com As the industry’s most-used resource for Northwest plants, services and supplies, the OAN Nursery Guide reaches buyers both in print, and online. Submit and manage your listings and your free profile online at www.NurseryGuide.com, or use these worksheets to submit listings. Questions? Call us at 503-682-5089. PRODUCT WORKSHEETS: Specialty and Seasonal Plants (Sec. K); Tropical and Foliage Plants (Sec. L); Wetland and Aquatic Plants (Sec. M) 2017–18 OAN Nursery Guide / Nursery Guide Online Calculate The Number of Listings Manage your listings and profile online! Each plant counts as one listing regardless of how many columns are marked. The preferred way to submit your listings is online. The process is easier than Enter the total and calculate the amount due on the order form (next page). ever! Just log in to www.NurseryGuide.com and click on the My Listings link at the top of the page. All of the plants, products and services that you listed in EXAMPLE 1 – Plant Material (counts as 3 listings) the book last year are already there. If you are unable to submit your listings LISTING # PRODUCT NAME L BR S BB C CT O online, please contact the OAN office at 503-682-5089 for assistance. C-010-0000 ABIES (Fir) C-010-0300 A. alba (Silver Fir) 2 3 As an OAN member you automatically receive a free profile page on C-010-0310 A.a. ‘Green Spiral’ 4 www.NurseryGuide.com.
  • Farmers' Knowledge of Wild Musa in India Farmers'

    Farmers' Knowledge of Wild Musa in India Farmers'

    FARMERS’ KNOWLEDGE OF WILD MUSA IN INDIA Uma Subbaraya National Research Centre for Banana Indian Council of Agricultural Reasearch Thiruchippally, Tamil Nadu, India Coordinated by NeBambi Lutaladio and Wilfried O. Baudoin Horticultural Crops Group Crop and Grassland Service FAO Plant Production and Protection Division FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2006 Reprint 2008 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to: Chief Publishing Management Service Information Division FAO Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to: [email protected] © FAO 2006 FARMERS’ KNOWLEDGE OF WILD MUSA IN INDIA iii CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi FOREWORD vii INTRODUCTION 1 SCOPE OF THE STUDY AND METHODS
  • Rich Zingiberales

    Rich Zingiberales

    RESEARCH ARTICLE INVITED SPECIAL ARTICLE For the Special Issue: The Tree of Death: The Role of Fossils in Resolving the Overall Pattern of Plant Phylogeny Building the monocot tree of death: Progress and challenges emerging from the macrofossil- rich Zingiberales Selena Y. Smith1,2,4,6 , William J. D. Iles1,3 , John C. Benedict1,4, and Chelsea D. Specht5 Manuscript received 1 November 2017; revision accepted 2 May PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Inclusion of fossils in phylogenetic analyses is necessary in order 2018. to construct a comprehensive “tree of death” and elucidate evolutionary history of taxa; 1 Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of however, such incorporation of fossils in phylogenetic reconstruction is dependent on the Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA availability and interpretation of extensive morphological data. Here, the Zingiberales, whose 2 Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, familial relationships have been difficult to resolve with high support, are used as a case study MI 48109, USA to illustrate the importance of including fossil taxa in systematic studies. 3 Department of Integrative Biology and the University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA METHODS: Eight fossil taxa and 43 extant Zingiberales were coded for 39 morphological seed 4 Program in the Environment, University of Michigan, Ann characters, and these data were concatenated with previously published molecular sequence Arbor, MI 48109, USA data for analysis in the program MrBayes. 5 School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Section of Plant Biology and the Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA KEY RESULTS: Ensete oregonense is confirmed to be part of Musaceae, and the other 6 Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) seven fossils group with Zingiberaceae.
  • BANANAS in Compost Is Moisture and to Keep Excellent for the Bananas Heavily CENTRAL Improving the Mulched

    BANANAS in Compost Is Moisture and to Keep Excellent for the Bananas Heavily CENTRAL Improving the Mulched

    Manure or plants good soil and BANANAS IN compost is moisture and to keep excellent for the bananas heavily CENTRAL improving the mulched. soil. They also Bananas are hardy FLORIDA prefer a moist plants in Central soil. Bananas are Florida but tempera- ananas are a commonly grown not very drought tures below 34˚F will plant in Central Florida. They are tolerant and need damage the foliage. usually grown for the edible fruit supplemental Following a freeze, B watering during bananas can look and tropical look, but some are grown for their colorful inflorescences or dry periods. They pathetic with the ornamental foliage. Bananas are members are also heavy brown, lifeless foliage of the Musaceae Family. This family feeders and hanging from the includes plants found in the genera should be fed stem, but don’t let this Ensete, Musa, and Musella. Members of several times a fool or discourage you. year for optimum Once the weather this family are native mainly to south- Musa mannii eastern Asia, but some are also found growth. A good warms, new growth wild in tropical Africa and northeastern balanced fertilizer, such as 6-6-6 or quickly begins and green leaves arise. Australia. They are cultivated throughout 10-10-10 with micronutrients is best. After a couple of months, the plants are the tropics and subtropics and are an Also an application of extra potassium lush and healthy. The stems will not be important staple in many diets. Bananas (potash) is beneficial to the plants. Most damaged unless temperatures drop are not true trees but rather are large, bananas are susceptible to nematodes, so below 24˚F.
  • Building the Monocot Tree of Death

    Building the Monocot Tree of Death

    Received Date: Revised Date: Accepted Date: Article Type: Special Issue Article RESEARCH ARTICLE INVITED SPECIAL ARTICLE For the Special Issue: The Tree of Death: The Role of Fossils in Resolving the Overall Pattern of Plant Phylogeny Short Title: Building the monocot tree of death Building the monocot tree of death: progress and challenges emerging from the macrofossil-rich Zingiberales 1,2,4,6 1,3 1,4 5 Selena Y. Smith , William J. D. Iles , John C. Benedict , and Chelsea D. Specht Manuscript received 1 November 2017; revision accepted 2 May 2018. 1 Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA 2 Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA 3 Department of Integrative Biology and the University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA 4 Program in the Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA 5 School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Section of Plant Biology and the Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA 6 Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]); ORCID id 0000-0002-5923-0404 Author Manuscript This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1002/ajb2.1123 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved Smith et al.–Building the monocot tree of death Citation: Smith, S. Y., W. J. D.
  • The Evolutionary and Biogeographic Origin and Diversification of the Tropical Monocot Order Zingiberales

    The Evolutionary and Biogeographic Origin and Diversification of the Tropical Monocot Order Zingiberales

    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 22 | Issue 1 Article 49 2006 The volutE ionary and Biogeographic Origin and Diversification of the Tropical Monocot Order Zingiberales W. John Kress Smithsonian Institution Chelsea D. Specht Smithsonian Institution; University of California, Berkeley Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Kress, W. John and Specht, Chelsea D. (2006) "The vE olutionary and Biogeographic Origin and Diversification of the Tropical Monocot Order Zingiberales," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 22: Iss. 1, Article 49. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/49 Zingiberales MONOCOTS Comparative Biology and Evolution Excluding Poales Aliso 22, pp. 621-632 © 2006, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden THE EVOLUTIONARY AND BIOGEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN AND DIVERSIFICATION OF THE TROPICAL MONOCOT ORDER ZINGIBERALES W. JOHN KRESS 1 AND CHELSEA D. SPECHT2 Department of Botany, MRC-166, United States National Herbarium, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USA 1Corresponding author ([email protected]) ABSTRACT Zingiberales are a primarily tropical lineage of monocots. The current pantropical distribution of the order suggests an historical Gondwanan distribution, however the evolutionary history of the group has never been analyzed in a temporal context to test if the order is old enough to attribute its current distribution to vicariance mediated by the break-up of the supercontinent. Based on a phylogeny derived from morphological and molecular characters, we develop a hypothesis for the spatial and temporal evolution of Zingiberales using Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis (DIVA) combined with a local molecular clock technique that enables the simultaneous analysis of multiple gene loci with multiple calibration points.
  • Banana Cultivation in South Asia and East Asia: a Review of the Evidence from Archaeology and Linguistics

    Banana Cultivation in South Asia and East Asia: a Review of the Evidence from Archaeology and Linguistics

    Banana Cultivation in South Asia and East Asia: A review of the evidence from archaeology and linguistics Dorian Q. Fuller and Marco Madella Research Abstract South Asia provides evidence for introduced banana cul- the present and what can be suggested for the early and tivars that are surprisingly early in the Indus Valley but mid Holocene from palaeoecological reconstructions. Ar- late elsewhere in India. Although phytolith data are still chaeological evidence for bananas in these regions re- limited, systematic samples from fourteen sites in six re- mains very limited. Our purpose in this contribution is to gions suggest an absence of bananas from most of Neo- situate those few data points of prehistoric banana phyto- lithic/Chalcolithic South Asia, but presence in part of the liths and seeds within the history of appropriate sampling Indus valley. Evidence from textual sources and historical (e.g., for phytoliths) that might have provided evidence for linguistics from South Asia and from China suggest the bananas, thus highlighting the potential for more inten- major diffusion of banana cultivars was in the later Iron sive future efforts. We also review some evidence from Age or early historic period, c. 2000 years ago. Never- historical linguistics and textual historical sources on the theless Harappan period phytolith evidence from Kot Diji, early history of bananas in India and China. suggests some cultivation by the late third or early second millennium B.C., and the environmental context implies Cultivated and Wild hybridization with Musa balbisiana Colla had already oc- Bananas in South Asia curred. Evidence of wild banana seeds from an early Ho- locene site in Sri Lanka probably attests to traditions of There is hardly a cottage in India that has not its grove utilisation of M.
  • Whole Genome Sequencing of a Banana Wild Relative Musa Itinerans

    Whole Genome Sequencing of a Banana Wild Relative Musa Itinerans

    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Whole genome sequencing of a banana wild relative Musa itinerans provides insights into lineage- Received: 13 May 2016 Accepted: 26 July 2016 specific diversification of theMusa Published: 17 August 2016 genus Wei Wu1,*, Yu-Lan Yang2,*, Wei-Ming He2, Mathieu Rouard3, Wei-Ming Li4, Meng Xu2, Nicolas Roux3 & Xue-Jun Ge1 Crop wild relatives are valuable resources for future genetic improvement. Here, we report the de novo genome assembly of Musa itinerans, a disease-resistant wild banana relative in subtropical China. The assembled genome size was 462.1 Mb, covering 75.2% of the genome (615.2Mb) and containing 32, 456 predicted protein-coding genes. Since the approximate divergence around 5.8 million years ago, the genomes of Musa itinerans and Musa acuminata have shown conserved collinearity. Gene family expansions and contractions enrichment analysis revealed that some pathways were associated with phenotypic or physiological innovations. These include a transition from wood to herbaceous in the ancestral Musaceae, intensification of cold and drought tolerances, and reduced diseases resistance genes for subtropical marginally distributed Musa species. Prevalent purifying selection and transposed duplications were found to facilitate the diversification of NBS-encoding gene families for twoMusa species. The population genome history analysis of M. itinerans revealed that the fluctuated population sizes were caused by the Pleistocene climate oscillations, and that the formation of Qiongzhou Strait might facilitate the population downsizing on the isolated Hainan Island about 10.3 Kya. The qualified assembly of the M. itinerans genome provides deep insights into the lineage-specific diversification and also valuable resources for future banana breeding.
  • Musa Species (Bananas and Plantains) Authors: Scot C

    Musa Species (Bananas and Plantains) Authors: Scot C

    August 2006 Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry ver. 2.2 www.traditionaltree.org Musa species (banana and plantain) Musaceae (banana family) aga‘ (ripe banana) (Chamorro), banana, dessert banana, plantain, cooking banana (English); chotda (Chamorro, Guam, Northern Marianas); fa‘i (Samoa); hopa (Tonga); leka, jaina (Fiji); mai‘a (Hawai‘i); maika, panama (New Zealand: Maori); meika, mei‘a (French Polynesia); siaine (introduced cultivars), hopa (native) (Tonga); sou (Solomon Islands); te banana (Kiribati); uchu (Chuuk); uht (Pohnpei); usr (Kosrae) Scot C. Nelson, Randy C. Ploetz, and Angela Kay Kepler IN BRIEF h C vit Distribution Native to the Indo-Malesian, E El Asian, and Australian tropics, banana and C. plantain are now found throughout the tropics and subtropics. photo: Size 2–9 m (6.6–30 ft) tall at maturity. Habitat Widely adapted, growing at eleva- tions of 0–920 m (0–3000 ft) or more, de- pending on latitude; mean annual tempera- tures of 26–30°C (79–86°F); annual rainfall of 2000 mm (80 in) or higher for commercial production. Vegetation Associated with a wide range of tropical lowland forest plants, as well as nu- merous cultivated tropical plants. Soils Grows in a wide range of soils, prefer- ably well drained. Growth rate Each stalk grows rapidly until flowering. Main agroforestry uses Crop shade, mulch, living fence. Main products Staple food, fodder, fiber. Yields Up to 40,000 kg of fruit per hectare (35,000 lb/ac) annually in commercial or- Banana and plantain are chards. traditionally found in Pacific Intercropping Traditionally grown in mixed island gardens such as here in Apia, Samoa, although seri- cropping systems throughout the Pacific.
  • Musa Acuminata Colla (Musaceae) from Tripura, Northeast India

    Musa Acuminata Colla (Musaceae) from Tripura, Northeast India

    Bioscience Discovery, 9(1): 209-212, Jan - 2018 © RUT Printer and Publisher Print & Online, Open Access, Research Journal Available on http://jbsd.in ISSN: 2229-3469 (Print); ISSN: 2231-024X (Online) Research Article Notes on an Accidental Epiphytic Banana: Musa acuminata Colla (Musaceae) from Tripura, Northeast India Dipankar Deb1*, Dipan Sarma2, Sourabh Deb1 and BK Datta3 1*Agroforestry & Forest Ecology Laboratory Department of Forestry & Biodiversity Tripura University, Suryamaninagar- 799022, Tripura India 2,3Plant Taxonomy & Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Botany, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar- 799022, Tripura India *Email: [email protected] Article Info Abstract Received: 06-10-2017, In the present communication we report a new accidental epiphytic banana, Musa Revised: 02-12-2017, acuminata Colla which grows above the height of 8 m in the trunk cavity of the Accepted: 08-01-2018 host plant Azadirachta indica A. Juss (local name: Gheto neem). The size of collar Keywords: diameter of this specimen is about 22 cm, smaller shoot growing up with 4 Accidental epiphyte, Musa spreading leaves. It is an unconditional and accidental shows the possibility of acuminata, Tripura. plant growth by vegetative reproduction or by seed germination process on host plant cavity. INTRODUCTION and functionality of some important ecosystems and Epiphytes are specialist plant that grows on another they may even act as keystone species (Gabriela et plant commonly referred to as air plants. They grow al., 2015). Many biotic and abiotic factors on the surface of barks, cavity, dead decompose determine the miscellany of epiphytes, such as part of tree but remain physiologically independent climate, water availability, edaphic factors, host tree (Benzing, 2004) and do not extract nutrients from size, species identity, bark features and architecture the host's vascular system.