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102 Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp. (2020) 31(2)

Referencias Balado, R., Bas, S. & Galán, P. 1995. Anfibios e réptiles. Pleguezuelos, J.M., Márquez, R. & Lizana, M. (eds.). 2002. At- 65–170. In: Consello da Cultura Galega & Sociedade las y libro rojo de los anfibios y reptiles de España. Dirección Galega de Historia Natural (eds.), Atlas de Vertebrados General de Conservación de la Naturaleza - Asociación de Galicia. Aproximación a Distribución dos Vertebrados Herpetológica Española. Madrid. Terrestres de Galicia Durante o Quinquenio 1980-85. San- Rey Muñiz, X.L. 2011. Pelobates cultripes. 34–35. In: Socieda- tiago de Compostela. de Galega de Historia Natural (eds). Atlas dos Anfibios e Cabana, M., Romeo, A., Rivero, A., Reigada, X.R., Vázquez Gra- Réptiles de Galicia. Sociedade Galega de Historia Natural. ña, R. & Ferreiro, R. 2011. Novas poboacións de Pelobates Santiago de Compostela. España. cultripes no sueste de Galicia. Chioglossa, 3: 41–47. Salvadores, R. & Rodríguez, F. 2012. Datos sobre una nueva Domínguez, J., Lamosa, A., Pardavila, X., Martínez-Freiría, localidad de Pelobates cultripes en la provincia de Ponteve- F., Regos, A., Gil, A. & Vidal, M. 2012. Atlas de los ver- dra (Galicia). Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Espa- tebrados terrestres reproductores en el Parque Natural Baixa ñola, 23: 70–72. Limia-Serra do Xurés y ZEPVN-LIC Baixa Limia. Xunta Sociedade Galega de Historia Natural. 2011. Atlas dos Anfibios de Galicia. A Coruña. e Réptiles de Galicia. Santiago de Compostela. España. Galán, P., Cabana, M. & Ferreiro, R. 2010. Estado de conser- Sociedade Galega de Historia Natural. 2019. 8a Actualización vación de Pelobates cultripes en Galicia. Boletín de la Aso- do Atlas dos Anfibios e Réptiles de Galicia. Sociedade Galega ciación Herpetológica Española, 21: 90–99. de Historia Natural. Santiago de Compostela. España.

Amphibians and reptiles of Villa Tunari, Department of Cochabamba. Bolivia

Pedro Gómez-Murillo* & Irene Arellano-Martín

Cl. Caridad, 8. 2º, pta. 8. 29680 Estepona. Málaga. Spain. *C.e.: [email protected] Fecha de aceptación: 27 de julio de 2020. Key words: Adenomera coca, Chapare, conservation, distribution, New record, preliminary list, Stenocercus prionotus.

Resumen: Se realiza un listado preliminar de las especies de anfibios y reptiles de Villa Tunari, Provincia Chapare, Departamento de Cochabamba, Bolivia. Los datos se obtuvieron entre 2017 y 2018. La lista taxonómica incluye 27 especies, 11 anfibios y 16 reptiles, agrupados en 13 familias. Las zonas de muestreo se eligieron de acuerdo con sus características: Z1) zona natural, dominada por bosques y pequeñas corrientes de agua; Z2) zona antrópica, con casas y construcciones asentadas en las proximidades del río Espíritu Santo. Stenocercus prionotus se registra por primera vez para el Departamento de Cochabamba y se proporcionan datos adicio- nales para especies poco conocidas, como Adenomera coca.

Bolivia is considered a megadiverse Currently, 258 amphibian species (Amphi- country (Mittermeier et al., 1997; Ibisch, 2003). biaWeb, 2020) and 313 reptile species (Uetz et In recent years, the diversity, taxonomy and al., 2018) are recorded in Bolivia. systematics of several groups of amphibians The present study reports a preliminary and reptiles from Bolivia have been studied, listing of amphibians and reptiles in Villa Tu- resulting in a significant increase in the nari, Department of Cochabamba, Bolivia. number of documented species (Ocampo et Recently, new records have been obtained al., 2012; De la Riva et al., 2017; Abdala et al., 2019). in the area, such as Chelonoidis carbonaria Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp. (2020) 31(2) 103

Figure 1: a) Sampled locality (Villa Tunari, Dpto. Cochabamba, Bolivia. 16º58’S / 65º24W, 300 masl). b) Satellite image of Villa Tunari and the sampling areas: Z1 (yellow) and Z2 (orange) [Map data 2020 (C) Google]. Figura 1: a) Localidad muestreada (Villa Tunari, Dpto. Cochabamba, Bolivia. 16º58’S / 65º24W, 300 msnm). b) Imagen satelital de Villa Tunari y las áreas de muestreo: Z1 (amarillo) y Z2 (naranja) [Map data 2020 (C) Google]. and Bothrops sanctaecrucis (Gómez-Murillo & trocaryum murumuru, Brosimum lactescens, Arellano-Martín, 2019; Gómez-Murillo et al., 2020), Calycophyllum spruceanum, Ceiba pentandra, suggesting that the diversity of this region is Clarisia racemosa, Eschweilera coriacea, Hura far from known. Some of the amphibian and crepitans, Iriartea deltoidea, Pouteria bilocu- reptile species recorded in this study are ende- laris, Pseudolmedia laevis, Sloanea obtusifolia, mic and of great ecological importance. The Virola peruviana (Ibisch et al., 2003). data obtained for each of the species observed The study was divided into two sampling in the area are also shown. zones (Figure 1b). Although similar, each of Villa Tunari (Figure 1a) is located wi- these zones has its own characteristics: Z1) thin the ecoregion known as the Pre-Andean Area characterized by forest and small streams Amazon Forest, located in the Department of water; Z2) Anthropic zone, with houses of Cochabamba, in the Chapare region, Bo- and constructions, and river. livia (16º 58’S / 65º 24’W, 300 masl). The Field work was previously scheduled and town is located at the confluence of the Espi- random tours were performed through explo- ritu Santo and San Mateo rivers. The average rations of sites suitable for herpetological spe- annual rainfalls range from 1300-7000 mm cies (underbrush, rocks, trunks, trails, trees and the average annual temperature is and parts of plants). Head and hand flashli- 24-28° C. The landscape consists of low ghts were used. All individuals were exami- hills, high alluvial terraces, undulations and ned by direct observations. In situ pictures plains (Figures 6d, e & f). It is characterized of some of the species found were taken and by the presence of plant species such as: As- behavior was noted. 104 Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp. (2020) 31(2)

List of species

Amphibia Rhinella poeppigii (Tschudi, 1845) 19940.2 (Syntypes), according to Häupl & Bufo poeppigii Tschudi, 1845 Tiedemann (1978) and Häupl et al. (1994). Type(s): Not designated; MHNN 90.77 (see Type locality: Rio Mamoré and Borba, Brazil. Annex 1 for Museum abbreviations) is a type Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Gu- according to museum records (Frost, 2020). yana and Peru (AmphibiaWeb, 2020). Type locality: "In den Montañas von Mo- Remarks: Medium-sized frog, up to 5 cm for nobamba", Peru. females and less than 4 cm for males. The co- Distribution: Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia lor of the back varies between cream, coffee (Pramuk, 2006). or gray, presenting bands and stains ranging Remarks: Large toad with coffee-color, rough from very little noticeable to non-existent, in and tuberculated skin. It has cranial ridges and addition to dark bands on the lips (Pacheco, large parotid glands (De La Riva, 2002). It was 2015). They can be seen during the day jum- one of the most abundant species (Table 1; ping along the paths of the forest and han- Figure 2a) in the sampling area, found in roads, ging in the branches of the shrubs. They sing roadside ditches, rivers and streams. According throughout the year. Although abundant, to the International Union for Conservation its cryptic coloration does not make it easy of Nature (IUCN), this species is listed as Least to detect (Table 1; Figure 2c). According to Concern (LC) (IUCN SSC, 2020). IUCN, this species is listed as Least Concern (LC) (Rodríguez et al., 2004). Rhinella major (Müller & Hellmich, 1936) Bufo granulosus major Müller & Hellmich, 1936 Oreobates cruralis (Boulenger, 1902) Type(s): ZSM 153/1928 and ZSM Hylodes cruralis Boulenger 1902 202/1929/1–2 (Syntypes) according to Type(s): BMNH 1947.2.15.70 (former- Glaw & Franzen (2006). ly 1901.8.2.44) (Holotype), according to Type locality: San José de Chiquitos, Bolivia. Frost (1985). Distribution: Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia Type locality: La Paz, Bolivia. and Brazil (Frost, 2020). Distribution: Peru and Bolivia (Frost, 2020). Remarks: Medium-sized toad with the body co- Remarks: Small size frog, usually less vered with keratin granules as spines distributed than 3 cm and morphologically variable. irregularly (Pacheco, 2015). We found numerous The skin on the back is granulated, with individuals near a swimming pool for recreatio- soft and rounded warts (Pacheco, 2015). nal use; several individuals are also observed in Abundant, although difficult to detect amplexus. Common species in the area (Table 1; due to its cryptic coloration. One of the Figure 2b). It is not listed by IUCN. most common species to see in the area; it is found in fissures, roots and under- Pristimantis fenestratus (Steindachner, 1864) brush (Table 1; Figure 2d). According to Hylodes fenestratus Steindachner, 1864 IUCN, this species is listed as Least Con- Type(s): NHMW 19940.1 and NHMW cern (LC) (Cortez et al., 2004). Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp. (2020) 31(2) 105

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Figure 2: a) Rhinella poeppigii, b) Rhinella major, c) Pristimantis fenestratus, d) Oreobates cruralis, e) Ameerega picta, f) Dendropsophus acreanus. Figura 2: a) Rhinella poeppigii, b) Rhinella major, c) Pristimantis fenestratus, d) Oreobates cruralis, e) Ameerega picta, f) Dendropsophus acreanus.

Ameerega picta (Tschudi, 1838) Suriname, Venezuela (AmphibiaWeb, 2020). Hylaplesia picta Tschudi, 1838 Remarks: Small frog, black or very dark Type(s): MNHNP 4910 (Syntypes) [2 spe- coffee-color, with two bright yellow stri- cimens, according to Guibé (1950)]. pes ending in orange spots on the thigh Type locality: Santa Cruz, Bolivia. and underarms (Pacheco, 2015). Abundant Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecua- in the study areas; it was observed be- dor, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, tween the underbrush or near fissures. 106 Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp. (2020) 31(2)

Very active at the end of the afternoon Leptodactylus fuscus (Schneider, 1799) (Table 1; Figure 2e). According to IUCN, Rana fusca Schneider, 1799 this species is listed as Least Concern Type(s): MNHNP 680 (Neotype), accor- (LC) (La Marca et al., 2008). ding to Heyer (1968). Type locality: Surinam. Dendropsophus acreanus (Bokermann, 1964) Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Hyla acreana Bokermann, 1964 Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Pana- Type(s): WCAB 1363 (Holotype), by origi- ma, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and nal designation (Frost, 2020). Tobago, and Venezuela (Reynolds et al., 2004). Type locality: Tarauacá, Brazil. Remarks: Small size frog; it has granulated Distribution: Brazil, Bolivia and Peru (Frost, 2020). back skin with large and scattered soft warts Remarks: A small treefrog, about 3.5 cm in (Pacheco, 2015). Very abundant in the area; size; a yellowish coffee-color back with gray individuals were frequently trapped in a re- and green shades that contribute to a cryp- creational pool; they were rescued and relea- tic appearance (Pacheco, 2015). Only one in- sed later (Table 1; Figure 3b). According to dividual was found in the area; an adult in IUCN, this species is listed as Least Con- a house within the study area on August 29, cern (LC) (Reynolds et al., 2004). 2017 at 08:13 p.m. Common frog, althou- gh difficult to locate in the area (Table 1; Engystomops freibergi (Donoso-Barros, 1969) Figure 2f). According to IUCN, this species Eupemphix freibergi Donoso-Barros, 1969 is listed as Least Concern (LC) (Azevedo- Type(s): Donoso-Barros 745 (Holotype), Ramos et al., 2004). (Frost, 2020). Type locality: Runerrabaque, Bolivia. Leptodactylus rhodonotus (Günther, 1869) Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil and Peru (Angu- Cystignathus rhodonotus Günther, 1869 lo, 2010). Type(s): BMNH 1947.2.17.39 (Holotype), Remarks: Medium-sized frog, coffee- according to De Sá et al. (2014). color, with a stubby body and orange flanks Type locality: Chyavetes [=Chayavitas], Peru. toward the crotch. Two adults were registe- Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and red in the afternoon of November 13, 2017; Peru (Angulo et al., 2004). both were inactive in the underbrush. Cryp- Remarks: Large frog with a smooth back tic and nocturnal species (Table 1; Figure and several noticeable warts, gray co- 3c). According to IUCN, this species is lis- ffee-color or yellowish (Pacheco, 2015). Two ted as Least Concern (LC) (Angulo, 2010). adult individuals were registered. The first was found in the afternoon, on November Adenomera coca (Angulo & Reichle, 2008) 13, 2017 when moving a trunk in a sma- Leptodactylus coca Angulo & Reichle, 2008 ll stream; a second individual was subse- Type(s): NKA3630 (Holotype), by original quently detected at the same place (Table designation. 1; Fig. 3a). According to IUCN, this spe- Type locality: El Palmar, Bolivia. cies is listed as Least Concern (LC) (Angulo Distribution: Bolivia (Frost, 2020). et al., 2004). Remarks: Small, coffee-color or gray frog Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp. (2020) 31(2) 107

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Figure 3: a) Leptodactylus rhodonotus, b) Leptodactylus fuscus, c) Engystomops freibergi, d) Adenomera coca, e) Lithodytes lineatus, f) Chelonoidis denticulata. Figura 3: a) Leptodactylus rhodonotus, b) Leptodactylus fuscus, c) Engystomops freibergi, d) Adenomera coca, e) Lithodytes lineatus, f) Chelonoidis denticulata.

with dark marks, flanks with dark roun- from Villa Tunari to Cochabamba at an ded dots and white belly (Angulo & Reichle, altitude of 800 meters, Chapare provin- 2008). In Bolivia, the species has so far ce (Angulo & Reichle, 2008; Angulo, 2009). On been recorded in the Department of Co- the morning of January 2, 2018, one indi- chabamba and only its type locality (El vidual was found among the underbrush Palmar, Bolivia) is known on the old road (16º96’S / 65º41W, 304 masl) at the edge 108 Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp. (2020) 31(2)

of a trail (Table 1; Figure 3d). No more Lithodytes lineatus (Schneider, 1799) individuals were found in the study area. Rana lineata Schneider, 1799 The individual, approximately 15 mm in Type(s): Syntype(s), not stated, in "Musei length, it had patterns and morphological Lampiani" (Daudin, 1802, 1803; Frost, 2020). characteristics coinciding with those des- Type locality: Not stated. cribed for the species by Angulo & Rei- Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, chle, (2008). The individual that is detai- Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Su- led and illustrated in this note, represents riname and Venezuela (La Marca et al., 2010). a new altitude and distribution record for Remarks: Medium-sized frog with black back the species, being this one of the norther- and yellow or bronze dorsolateral stripes. Its nmost one, placing it about 16 km from coloring makes it resemble some dendroba- the previously known population (Angulo tids (Ron & Read, 2018). On September 21, & Reichle, 2008; Angulo, 2009; Frost, 2020; Am- 2017 at 3:05 p.m., a single adult was loca- phibiaWeb, 2020). According to IUCN, it is ted inside a water pipe (Table 1; Figure 3e). listed as a species with Insufficient Data According to IUCN, this species is listed as (DD) (Angulo, 2009). Least Concern (LC) (La Marca et al., 2010).

Reptilia Chelonoidis denticulatus (Linnaeus, 1766) Type locality: Río Mamoré, Bolivia. Testudo denticulata Linnaeus, 1766 Distribution: Brazil, French Guiana, Gu- Type(s): NHRM DeGeer collection 21 yana, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia (Holotype), agreeing to Andersson (1900). and Ecuador (Carvajal-Campos & Ayala-Vare- Type locality: Virginia (in error) (Uetz et al., 2018). la, 2019). Distribution: Venezuela, Guyana, French Remarks: A species of medium-sized ano- Guiana, Brazil, Trinidad and Tobago, Ecua- lis. It usually has a uniform back with dor, Colombia, Peru and Bolivia (Carva- coffee or green tones (rarely splashed or jal-Campos & Rodríguez-Guerra, 2019). mixed); white belly with some gray or Remarks: It is the largest turtle species in Sou- coffee-color spots; pink violet or yellow th America mainland. It can reach 820 mm in crease, with white scales (Ávila-Pires, 1995; length of the shell, although the average length Carvajal-Campos & Ayala-Varela, 2019). On is about 400 mm (Rueda-Almonacid et al., 2007; October 16, 2017 at 4:11 p.m., an adult Páez et al., 2012). Abundant in the study area, individual was found on the floor of a more than 30 individuals were found (Table 1; house toilet in the study area (Table 1; Figure 3f). According to IUCN, this species is Figure 4a). It is not listed by IUCN. listed as Vulnerable (VU) (TFTSG, 1996). Norops ortonii (Cope, 1868) Norops fuscoauratus (D’Orbigny, 1837) Anolis ortonii Cope, 1868 Anolis fusco-auratus D’Orbigny, in Duméril Type(s): ANSP 11404 (Holotype) (Uetz et al., & Bibron 1837 2018). Type(s): MNHN-RA 2420 (Lectotype) Type locality: Río Marañón, Peru. (Uetz et al., 2018). Distribution: Brazil, French Guiana, Suri- Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp. (2020) 31(2) 109

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Figure 4: a) Norops fuscoauratus, b) Norops ortonii, c) Hemidactylus mabouia, d) Ameiva ameiva, e) Stenocercus prio- notus, f) Stenocercus roseiventris. Figura 4: a) Norops fuscoauratus, b) Norops ortonii, c) Hemidactylus mabouia, d) Ameiva ameiva, e) Stenocercus prio- notus, f) Stenocercus roseiventris.

name, Guyana, Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, region (Ávila-Pires, 1995; Vitt & De la Torre, Bolivia and Venezuela (Uetz et al., 2018). 1996). Only one individual was found in Remarks: Medium-sized anolis with the the study area. An active individual was dorsal generally mottled (rarely uni- found on the trunk of a tree on August form) in shades of olive green, olive ye- 24, 2017 at 2:22 p.m. It is a cryptic spe- llow, olive coffee-color, gray and green; cies that it is difficult to find (Table 1; it has a brown band in the supraocular Figure 4b). It is not listed by IUCN. 110 Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp. (2020) 31(2)

Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau de Jonnès, 1818) dor, Peru, Bolivia and Argentina (Andrango & Gekko mabouia Moreau de Jonnès, 1818 Rodríguez-Guerra, 2019). Type(s): MNHN-RA 6573 (Lectotype) Remarks: Medium-sized lizard. Coloring (Uetz et al., 2018). varies with age: Adults may have a brown Type locality: originally not stated. Subse- reticulation on the front of the back and quently restricted to St Vicent island in Les- the back of the back and green tail: juveni- ser Antilles (Stejneger, 1904), but it is in error les may be completely brown or have green (Carranza & Arnold, 2006). front of the back and brown posterodorsal Distribution: introduced species, it is dis- color (Ávila-Pires, 1995). This species is abun- tributed naturally in central and southern dant in the area, with numerous individuals Africa. It has been introduced in West Afri- being located throughout the present study ca, Caribbean, Central America, Brazil, Gu- (Table 1; Figure 4d). According to IUCN, yana, French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru and this species is listed as Least Concern (LC) Bolivia (Carvajal-Campos, 2019a). (Ibáñez et al., 2019). Remarks: Medium sized Gecko. Dorsally it can vary from neutral pale gray, the entire Stenocercus prionotus Cadle, 2001 range of smoky gray to olive coffee-color (in Stenocercus prionotus Cadle, 2001 the dark phase); ventrally pale than dorsally, Type(s): USNM 193683 (Holotype), by almost white or ivory; golden iris or ochre original designation. with gold reflections and coffee-color trans- Type locality: Río Huallaga, Peru. verse bands. Hemidactylus mabouia differs Distribution: Peru and Bolivia (Uetz et al., 2018). from H. frenatus (another introduced spe- Remarks: Medium-sized lizard, commonly cies in America morphologically similar to called the iguana lizard. In Bolivia, the species H. mabouia) in having transverse dark bands has been recorded in the Department of Beni onto the tail and a more tuberculated dorsal and the Department of La Paz (Cadle, 2001; To- skin; also, subdigital lamellae on the fourth rres-Carvajal, 2007; Teixeira et al., 2015; GBIF, 2019). toe of H. mabouia do not reach the base of On August 30, 2017 at 11:08 a.m., an adult the finger (Kluge, 1969; Ávila-Pires, 1995; Krysko individual was found (Table 1; Figure 4e) res- & Daniels, 2005; Carranza & Arnold, 2006). A very ting on the trunk of a tree (16°57'S/65°25'W, abundant species in the area, easily located in 323 masl). The individual, approximate- the houses of the study area at night (Table 1; ly 35 cm in length, had patterns and mor- Figure 4c). It is not listed by IUCN. phological characteristics coinciding with those described for the species: Strongly ke- Ameiva ameiva (Linnaeus, 1758) eled ventrals; laterally oriented nostrils; two Lacerta ameiva Linnaeus, 1758 projecting angulated temporal; prominent Type(s): NHRM (2 specimen) and 1 in vertebral crest; keeled posterior scales of the Gyllenborg collection, Uppsala (Syntypes) thighs, imbricated; tail length 70–73% of (Uetz et al., 2018). total length; brown back with white vertical Type locality: America. line on shoulder; dark brown interorbital line Distribution: Brazil, French Guiana, Suri- back of head; dark brown stripe extending name, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecua- previously from the subocular region to the Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp. (2020) 31(2) 111

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Figure 5: a) Chironius exoletus, b) Dendrophidion dendrophis, c) Helicops angulatus, d) Mastigodryas boddaerti, e) Philodryas aestiva, f) Atractus emmeli. Figura 5: a) Chironius exoletus, b) Dendrophidion dendrophis, c) Helicops angulatus, d) Mastigodryas boddaerti, e) Philodryas aestiva, f) Atractus emmeli.

supraciliary present; creme-colored gular re- Cochabamba, expanding the distribution of gion (Cadle, 2001; Torres-Carvajal, 2007). To date, the species in its southern area to 208 km this species has been recorded five times in from the near record in the municipality of Bolivia (Cadle, 2001; Torres-Carvajal, 2007; Teixeira San Marcos, department of Beni (Teixeira et al., et al., 2015; GBIF, 2019). The individual detailed 2015; GBIF, 2019). According to IUCN, this and illustrated in this note, represents the first species is listed as Least Concern (LC) (Agua- record of S. prionotus for the Department of yo et al., 2017). 112 Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp. (2020) 31(2)

Stenocercus roseiventris D'Orbigny, 1837 Dendrophidion dendrophis (Schlegel, 1837) Stenocercus rosei-ventris D'Orbigny, in Dumé- Herpetodryas dendrophis Schlegel, 1837 ril & Bibron, 1837. Type(s): BMNH 1946.1.12.98 (Syntype) Type(s): MNHN-RA 6879 (Holotype) (Uetz (Uetz et al., 2018). et al., 2018). Type locality: Cayena, French Guiana. Type locality: Bolivia. Distribution: Colombia, Venezuela, French Distribution: Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Bra- Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil zil (Uetz et al., 2018; Dirksen & De la Riva, 1999). (Uetz et al., 2018). Remarks: Medium-sized lizard. It is cha- Remarks: Medium-sized colubrid with a racterized by a pink ventral coloration, coffee-color surface over which transver- more vivacious in males, a notorious dor- sal dorsal bands are marked. An adult was sal crest and by its compressed, robust found inside a house near the forest on Au- tail, with conspicuous and sharp spines gust 7, 2017 at 4:13 p.m. This individual (Cei, 1993). Only two individuals were had an incomplete tail. It was captured and observed on October 1, 2017 (Table 1; then released (Table 1; Figure 5b). Accor- Figure 4f); at 6:14 p.m., an adult indivi- ding to IUCN, this species is listed as Least dual was found resting on the trunk of a Concern (LC) (Ines et al., 2019). tree in the forest; then, an active juveni- le was found in the same place between Helicops angulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) the leaf litter. According to IUCN, this Coluber angulatus Linnaeus, 1758 species is listed as Least Concern (LC) Type(s): NHRM (Uetz et al., 2018). (Abdala et al., 2019). Type locality: Asia (in error). Distribution: Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, Chironius exoletus (Linnaeus, 1758) Bolivia, Peru, Trinidad, Ecuador, French Coluber exoletus Linnaeus, 1758 Guiana and Guyana (Uetz et al., 2018). Type(s): ZMUU 150 of Linnaeus' Collec- Remarks: Relatively small snake; mostly tion (Holotype) (Uetz et al., 2018). nocturnal, although occasionally active du- Type locality: “Indiis”. ring the day. It is exclusively aquatic when Distribution: Panama, Costa Rica, Venezue- active, and semiaquatic when resting (Pazmi- la, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Bra- ño-Otamendi & Torres-Carvajal, 2019). Only one zil, Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia and individual was found (Table 1; Figure 5c) Ecuador (Dixon et al., 1993). at 1:09 a.m. on September 1, 2017 moving Remarks: Medium-sized colubrid, gree- between the stones on the river bank. Accor- nish-colored and highly irritable. On No- ding to IUCN, this species is listed as Least vember 12, 2017 at 4:35 p.m., an adult was Concern (LC) (Nogueira et al., 2019). found (Table 1; Figure 5a); it was observed attacking a Capuchin monkey (Sapajus ape- Mastigodryas boddaerti (Sentzen, 1796) lla), ignoring our presence. The second indi- Coluber boddaerti Sentzen, 1796 vidual was found on January 12, 2018 in a Type(s): ANSP 5651 (Holotype) (Koch et dry stream; it was active during the day. It is al., 2018). not listed by IUCN. Type locality: Venezuela. Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp. (2020) 31(2) 113

Distribution: Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, to dark brown or uniformly black, usually Brazil, Trinidad, French Guiana, Guyana with a wide white to pale brown parietal and Peru (Uetz et al., 2018). band (Passos et al., 2019). On August 26, Remarks: Medium-sized snake, of diurnal and 2017, an adult was found at 1:30 a.m. en- terrestrial habits. This species has an ontoge- tering one of the houses in the study area. nic change in color; juveniles have the brown The individual was captured and relocated back with stripes; adults are dorsally brown, (Table 1; Figure 5f). According to IUCN, almost uniform, with anterior bands (Cole et al., this species is listed as Least Concern (LC) 2013). A single adult was found (Table 1; Figure (Aguayo et al., 2016). 5d) on December 5, 2017 active at 6:03 p.m. moving through vegetation within the forest. Siphlophis compressus (Daudin, 1803) According to IUCN, this species is listed as Coluber compressus Daudin, 1803 Least Concern (LC) (Rivas et al., 2019a). Type(s): MNHN-RA 3730 (Holotype) (Uetz et al., 2018). Philodryas aestiva (Duméril, Bibron & Du- Type locality: Suriname. méril, 1854) Distribution: Costa Rica, Panama, French Dryophylax aestivus Duméril, Bibron & Du- Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, Co- méril, 1854 lombia, Ecuador, Venezuela and Trinidad Type(s): MNHN-RA 3842 (Lectotype), de- (Uetz et al., 2018). signated by Thomas (1976). Remarks: Medium-sized snake, arboreal, Type locality: Santa Catarina, Brazil. with an elongated and laterally compressed Distribution: Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uru- body; red back surface with a dark banded guay and Argentina (Uetz et al., 2018). pattern (Pazmiño-Otamendi, 2019). At 3:01 a.m. Remarks: Medium-sized snake, green co- on January 26, 2018, an individual was lor, opisthoglyphous dentition. On De- found (Table 1; Figure 6a) moving between cember 18, 2017, an adult individual was the forest bushes at 2 m height. According found at 5:32 p.m.; it was found in the to IUCN, this species is listed as Least Con- surroundings of a house located within cern (LC) (Embert et al., 2019). the study area. It was captured and then relocated (Table 1; Figure 5e). According Xenodon severus (Linnaeus, 1758) to IUCN, this species is listed as Least Coluber severus Linnaeus, 1758 Concern (Cacciali et al., 2019). Type(s): NHRM Stockholm (Holotype) (Uetz et al., 2018). Atractus emmeli (Boettger, 1888) Type locality: Asia (in error). Geophis emmeli Boettger, 1888 Distribution: Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Type(s): SMF 19364 (Holotype) (Uetz et al., Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, French Guiana, Gu- 2018). yana (Uetz et al., 2018). Type locality: Río Mapiri, Bolivia. Remarks: Medium-sized, daytime, and te- Distribution: Bolivia and Peru (Uetz et al., 2018). rrestrial-habit snake. It has a dark gray to Remarks: Small-sized snake of fossorial ha- black coloring with yellow spots and a co- bits. Colouration varies from light brown ffee-color head. This species presents spe- 114 Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp. (2020) 31(2)

Photos Pedro Gómez-Murillo a b

c d

e f

Figure 6: a) Siphlophis compressus, b) Xenodon severus, c) Lachesis muta, d-f) Representation of the areas studied in Villa Tunari. Figura 6: a) Siphlophis compressus, b) Xenodon severus, c) Lachesis muta, d-f) Representación de las áreas estudiadas en Villa Tunari.

cialized dentition (opisthomegadont denti- Lachesis muta (Linnaeus, 1766) tion) for the feeding of frogs (Carvajal-Campos, Crotalus mutus Linnaeus, 1766 2019b). On December 10, 2017, an adult Type(s) – Holotype not designated, location individual was located at 1:58 a.m. resting unknown (Wallach et al., 2014). under spoils in the surroundings of a house. Type locality: Suriname. When threatened, it opens the mouth and Distribution: Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil, inflates its body (Table 1; Figure 6b). Accor- Venezuela, Suriname, Guyana, French ding to IUCN, this species is listed as Least Guiana, Trinidad, Peru and Bolivia (Uetz Concern (LC) (Rivas et al., 2019b). et al., 2018). Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp. (2020) 31(2) 115

Table 1: Taxonomic diversity of amphibians and reptiles in Villa Tunari (Sampling zones: Z1 = forest; Z2 = anthro- pic; IUCN Categories: LC = Least Concern; VU = Vulnerable; DD = Data Deficient; NE = Not Evaluated). Tabla 1: Diversidad taxonómica de anfibios y reptiles en Villa Tunari (Zonas de muestreo: Z1 = bosque; Z2 = antró- pica; Categorías UICN: LC = Preocupación Menor; VU = Vulnerable; DD = Datos Insuficientes).

Area UICN Species Z1 Z2 Total Categories Order ANURA Family Bufonidae 1. Rhinella poeppigii >10 >10 >20 LC (IUCN SSC, 2020) 2. Rhinella major 0 >10 >10 Not listed Family Craugastoridae 3. Pristimantis fenestratus >10 0 >10 LC (Rodríguez et al., 2004) 4. Oreobates cruralis >10 0 >10 LC (Cortez et al., 2004) Family Dendrobatidae 5. Ameerega picta >10 >10 >20 LC (La Marca et al., 2008) Family Hylidae 6. Dendropsophus acreanus 0 1 1 LC (Azevedo-Ramos et al., 2004) Family Leptodactylidae 7. Leptodactylus rhodonotus 2 0 2 LC (Angulo et al., 2004) 8. Leptodactylus fuscus 0 >10 >10 LC (Reynolds et al., 2004) 9. Engystomops freibergi 2 0 2 LC (Angulo, 2010) 10. Adenomera coca 1 0 1 DD (Angulo, 2009) 11. Lithodytes lineatus 1 0 1 LC (La Marca et al., 2010) Order TESTUDINES Family Testudinidae 12. Chelonoidis denticulata >10 0 >10 VU (TFTSG, 1996)

Order SQUAMATA (Lizards) Family Dactyloidae 13. Norops fuscoauratus 1 0 1 Not listed 14. Norops ortonii 0 1 1 Not listed Family Gekkonidae 15. Hemidactylus mabouia 0 <10 >10 Not listed Family Teiidae 16. Ameiva ameiva >10 >10 >20 LC (Ibáñez et al., 2019) Family Tropiduridae 17. Stenocercus prionotus 1 0 1 LC (Aguayo et al., 2017) 18. Stenocercus roseiventris 2 0 2 LC (Abdala et al., 2019)

Order SQUAMATA (Snakes) Family Colubridae 19. Chironius exoletus 2 0 2 Not listed 20. Dendrophidion dendrophis 0 1 1 LC (Ines et al., 2019) 21. Helicops angulatus 0 1 1 LC (Nogueira et al., 2019) 22. Mastigodryas boddaerti 1 0 1 LC (Rivas et al., 2019a) 23. Philodryas aestiva 0 1 1 LC (Cacciali et al., 2019) Family Dipsadidae 24. Atractus emmeli 0 1 1 LC (Aguayo et al., 2019) 25. Siphlophis compressus 1 0 1 LC (Embert et al., 2019) 26. Xenodon severus 1 0 1 LC (Rivas et al., 2019b) Family Viperidae 27. Lachesis muta 2 0 2 Not listed 116 Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp. (2020) 31(2)

Remarks: It is the largest venomous snake in al., 2018; AmphibiaWeb, 2020). In this prelimi- South America and the world´s largest viper; nary listing performed in Villa Tunari (De- adults usually exceed 2 m in length (Campbell partment of Cochabamba), 27 species were & Lamar, 2004). On August 3, 2017, an acti- recorded (Table 1; Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5). ve adult individual was found at 4:24 p.m. Five families of anurans were represented: close to a stream; by detecting our presence, Bufonidae (1 genus, 2 species), Craugas- the individual waved his tail quickly making toridae (2 genera, 2 species), Dendrobati- a loud sound produced by the stridulation dae (1 genus, 1 species), Hylidae (1 genus, with the rubbing of the scales, the sound 1 species) and Leptodactylidae (4 genera, was audible at more than 20 meters. On Fe- 5 species). Eight families of reptiles were bruary 20, another adult was found resting recorded: Testudinidae (1 genus, 1 species), among the rocks on the edge of a stream at Dactyloidae (1 genus, 2 species), Gekkoni- 7:37 a.m. Both individuals were similar in dae (1 genus, 1 species), Teiidae (1 genus, size, about 2 m in length (Table 1; Figure 6c). 1 species), Tropiduridae (1 genus, 2 species), It is not listed by IUCN. Colubridae (5 genera, 5 species), Dipsa- The current list of amphibians and reptiles didae (3 genera, 3 species) and Viperidae in Bolivia shows a total of 571 species (Uetz et (1 genus, 1 species).

For two species, the individuals found in development of local faunistic studies for un- this study represent new distribution records. der-sampled regions in Bolivia through a rapid The range extension of A. coca, 16 km nor- taxonomic screening will contribute to increase thwards from the only known population (the the knowledge on little known species before type locality) in Bolivia represents the nor- they become extinct by anthropic factors. thernmost locality in which it has been found (Angulo & Reichle, 2008; Angulo, 2009). Stenocercus Acknowledgments: Our sincere thanks to A. Sán- prionotus is herein registered for the first time chez-Vialas for the support in the correction and wri- in the Department of Cochabamba, which ting of this manuscript and A. Gosá for the corrections was previously known from Beni and La Paz and suggestions about this work. We acknowledge Nu- Departments (Cadle, 2001; Torres-Carvajal, 2007; traceutical Translations for the rendering of this manus- Teixeira et al., 2015; GBIF 2019). In this sense, the cript into English.

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Annex 1: Museum abbreviations. Anexo 1: Abreviaturas de Museos.

ANSP: Academy of Natural Sciences, Department tta Katersugaasivia Allagaateqarfialu) Nuuk, Green- of Herpetology, Pennsylvania, USA; BMNH: The land; NHMW: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, 1. Natural History Museum, Department of Zoolo- Zoologische Abteilung, Vienna, Austria; SMF: For- gy, London, United Kingdom (Formerly the Bri- schungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg, tish Museum [Natural History]); MHNN: Museé Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany; ZMUU: Zoological d'Histoire Naturelle de Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Swit- Museum of the Uppsala University. Uppsala, Swe- zerland; MNHNP: Museum National d'Histoire den; USNM: National Museum of Natural History, Naturelle, Laboratoire des Amphibiens et Reptiles, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, Washington, Paris, France; NHRM: Naturhistoriska Rijkmuseet, USA; WCAB: Werner C.A. Bokermann collection Section for Vertebrate Zoology, Stockholm, Sweden; now transferred to MZUSP (Universidade de São MNHN-RA: Museum National d'Histoire Nature- Paulo, Museu de Zoologia, São Paulo, Brazil); ZSM: lle, Laboratoire des Amphibiens et Reptiles, Paris, Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhau- France; NKA: Greenland National Museum (Nuna- senstraße.München, Germany.