CAREERS IN ANESTHESIOLOGY Two Posthumous Memoirs M.T. JENKINS BY ADOLPH H. GIESECKE FRANCIS F. FOLDES AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY WITH - ONTRIBUTIONS BY EPHRAIM S. SIKER Ci CAREERS IN ANESTHESIOLOGY HeadquartersBuilding of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. Almost one third of the three spaciousfloors is devoted to the collections of the Wood Library-Museum. (From a painting by ProfessorLeroy Vandam) - 11- CAREERS IN ANESTHESIOLOGY Two Posthumous Memoirs M.T. JENKINS, M.D. A Biography by ADOLPH H. GIESECKE, M.D. FRANCIS F. FOLDES, M.D. An Autobiography with Contributions by EPHRAIM S. SIKER, M.D. EDITED BY B. Raymond Fink Kathryn E. McGoldrick THE WOOD LIBRARY-MUSEUM OF ANESTHESIOLOGY PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS 2000 Published By Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology Copyright © 2000 Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical or electronic including recording, photocopy, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Number 97-60921 Hard Cover Edition: ISBN 1-889595-03-9 Printed in the United States of America Published by: WOOD LIBRARY-MUSEUM OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 520 N. Northwest Highway Park Ridge, Illinois 60068-2573 (847) 825-5586 / FAX 847-825-1692 [email protected] - iv TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITORS' NOTE Page vii EDITORS' PREFACE TWO POSTHUMOUS MEMOIRS Page ix M.T. JENKINS, M.D. A Biography by ADOLPH H. GIESECKE, M.D. Page 1 FRANCIS F. FOLDES, M.D. An Autobiography with Contributions by EPHRAIM S. SIKER, M.D. Page 121 -- V PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE B. Raymond Fink Chair Kathryn E. McGoldrick (Co-Chair) C. Ronald Stephen Doris K. Cope Norig Ellison Nicholas M. Greene Susan A. Vassallo vi - EDITORS' NOTE PREFACE TO MEMOIRS These memoirs inaugurate a new experiment in living history from the Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology. They present autobiographical panoramas of the protracted revolution which overtook anesthetic practice in the second half of the twentieth century. Principal participants here retell the motivations, actions, incidents and dominant events of their careers, virtually unburdened by limits of self-expression. This volume pulsates with creative diversity, the throb of artisans busily weaving individual threads of their own making, into a tapestry more than a little reminiscent of a philosophy articulated by Chief Seattle at about the dawn of anesthesia. This we know. All things are connected like the blood which unites one family Whatever befalls the earth befalls the sons and daughters of the earth Man did not weave the web of life, he is merely a strand in it. Whatever he does to the web he does to himself Someone has said that the unexamined life is not worth living. Well, here is a clutch of lives examined, found pre-eminently - vii worth living-and most decidedly worth reading! As already indicated, they are distinguished invited cameos from the renascence of anesthesiology in World War II and its aftermath. Their sequence is fortuitously geographic, rotating with the planet from west to east. Others awaiting the next turn of the press are delayed only by the incompressibility of time. For the present group of bedside pleasures, you and I are deeply indebted to WLM's Board of Trustees and Publications Committee, to prince of librarians Patrick Sim, to Karen Bieterman, stellar assistant librarian, to our production expert, Roz Pape, and to devoted staff working at the headquarters of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. Thanks to the exceptional vision of our Society, a large part of that comely building is Paul Wood Library-Museum territory. Inside and out, the entire edifice exudes pride and dedication to the ageless ideals of the physicians who planned, own, and use it. Leroy Vandam's evocative painting, frontispiece to this and subsequent volumes, reflects the subtle unifying role of the Society in the careers you are about to savor. -B. Raymond Fink, M.D. -Kathryn E. McGoldrick, M.D. - viii EDITORS' PREFACE Two POSTHUMOUS MEMOIRS The Wood Library Museum of Anesthesiology is here privi- leged to present two exceptionally edifying biographical works, composed under unusual auspices. Those of us who knew Pep- per Jenkins are delighted to read the story of the genius which he brought to the practice, research, and organization of Anes- thesiology. Every page of it sparkles with enthusiasm, wit, and wisdom, reported by his chief lieutenant and immediate succes- sor, Buddy Giesecke. What an inspiring career, and what an ac- complished example of biographical writing! No less a tribute does justice to the verve and humor which the late Francis Foldes wove into the memories of his native, prewar Hungary and the gripping narrative of his classic odys- sey in the United States. "Death was too hastyfe ... to reve thee thy life." But Rick Siker has completed the record with a gripping account of later landmarks. These explain the affection and ad- miration felt by all who had the privilege of friendship or ac- quaintance with Francis, good-natured titan of American post- war anesthesiological history. -B. Raymond Fink, M.D., Publications Chair -Kathryn McGoldrick, M.D., Co-Chair - 1X - M.T. "Pepper" Jenkins, M.D., (1917-1994) M.T. "PEPPER" JENKINS, M.D. RETIRED MCDERMOTT PROFESSOR AND FORMER CHAIR DEPARTMENT OF ANESTHESIOLOGY AND PAIN MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL SCHOOL A BIOGRAPHY by ADOLPH H. GIESECKE, M.D. RETIRED JENKINS PROFESSOR AND FORMER CHAIR DEPARTMENT OF ANESTHESIOLOGY AND PAIN MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL SCHOOL DALLAS, TEXAS -1- Adolph H. Giesecke, M.D. FOREWORD As I teach students and residents, I frequently ask questions about the pioneers of our medical specialty. I learned that knowl- edge of the history of our own department and its founder, Marion Thomas Pepper Jenkins, who died in 1994, was rapidly fading. I determined to write the history in a book entitled Anesthesiol- ogy at Southwestern, The First Fifty Years primarily for our resi- dents, former residents, and faculty. The first six chapters deal almost exclusively with Pepper Jenkins's career. Raymond Fink reminded me that Pepper contributed greatly to organized medi- cine, especially the American Society of Anesthesiologists and the American Medical Association. He convinced me of the merits of publishing the first six chapters of my history as a biography of Pepper Jenkins. Because he was a leader of great stature in anesthesiology, his biography deserves a place in the Careers series. Readers who want subsequent information on the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School should con- sult the book mentioned above. In an effort to develop subjects in some detail, I did not follow a precise chronology. As a ser- vice to the reader, here is a time line. 1917. Marion Thomas Jenkins was born on February 11 in Hughes Springs, Texas. He did not like the name Marion so he was called "Pepper." 1940. Pepper received the Medical Doctor degree from the Univer- sity of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston. 1941. Pepper completed a rotating internship at the University of Kansas in Kansas City. He began a residency in Internal Medicine in Galveston. 1942. Pepper reported for duty in the United States Navy, serving in the South Pacific aboard the seaplane tenders USS Chandeleur. He married Elizabeth Jean Weaver, a student nurse whom he met in Kansas City. -3- 4 - M.T. "PEPPER" JENKINS 1944. Pepper was assigned to the United States Naval Dispensary, Little Rock, Arkansas. His first child, Gregory, was born July 31, 1945. Two more followed: Philip in 1947, and Christine in 1952. 1946. Pepper began a residency in General Surgery at Parkland Hospital, Dallas. On the advice of his mentor, Dr. Carl Moyer, he began a residency in Anesthesiology at Massachusetts General Hospital in September 1946. 1948. Pepper returned to Parkland to establish the Division of An- esthesiology of the Department of Surgery. 1949. Pepper established the Recovery Room at Parkland Hospital, the first recovery room west of the Mississippi River. 1950. Landmark article on use of balanced salt solutions in trau- matic shock was published in the Archives of Surgery. 1951. Dr Robert Dodd joined the faculty and the application for a residency training program in anesthesiology was approved. 1955. Anesthesiology became a separate department in the Univer- sity of Texas Southwestern Medical School. 1963. Pepper, along with Drs. Malcolm Perry, Charles Baxter, and James Carrico, participated in the unsuccessful attempt to resuscitate President John F. Kennedy after he was shot in Dallas. 1966. Mr. and Mrs. McDermott endowed the chair in anesthesiol- ogy, naming the chair in honor of Mrs. McDermott. Pepper was designated first holder of the Margaret Milam McDermott Chair. 1972. Pepper became President of the American Society of Anes- thesiologists. 1974. Pepper was a delegate from the American Medical Associa- tion to the Peoples Republic of China. 1978. Pepper received the Distinguished Service Award of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. 1980. Pepper presented the Rovenstine lecture to a plenary session of the annual meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiolgists. 1981. Pepper retired from the chair but remained in the department until 1994. Dr. Adolph "Buddy" Giesecke became the chair- man. M.T. "PEPPER" JENKINS - 5 1988. Pepper received the Distinguished Service Award from the American Medical Association. He was the first anesthesi- ologist in history to receive this prestigious award. 1994. Pepper died on November 21. This history is dedicated to the students and residents whose constant inquiries have forced me to pay attention to academ- ics; to my family whose patience permitted me to develop an academic career - my wife Roni and my children, Carl, Suzanne, Martin, and Eric; and to my colleagues whose col- laborations have built the department.