Clotting Factors and Antithrombin
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AFSTYLA®, for Haemophilia A, Receives Positive Opinion from European Medicines Agency CHMP MARBURG, Germany — 14 November 2016 CHMP positive opinion moves AFSTYLA one step closer to approval in the European Union AFSTYLA is the first and only single-chain therapy for haemophilia A. The therapy has been specifically designed for greater molecular stability and duration of action through strong affinity to von Willebrand factor (VWF) AFSTYLA has been shown to offer excellent haemostatic efficacy in both prophylaxis and on-demand treatment, and the option of twice weekly dosing with low unit consumption Global biotherapeutics leader CSL Behring announced today that the European Medicines Agency (EMA) Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) has recommended granting marketing authorisation for AFSTYLA® [Recombinant Human Coagulation Factor VIII, Single Chain] for patients with haemophilia A. AFSTYLA, CSL Behring’s novel, recombinant factor VIII therapy for adults and children, is the first and only single-chain product for haemophilia A. It is specifically designed for protection from bleeds with two or three times weekly dosing and low unit consumption at both dosing regimens. In clinical trials, AFSTYLA demonstrated a strong safety profile with no inhibitors observed in previously treated patients undergoing prophylaxis. “For 100 years, CSL has focused on researching and developing innovative therapies that meet the treatment challenges patients face,” said Dr. Andrew Cuthbertson, Chief Scientific Officer and R&D Director, CSL Limited. “CHMP’s positive opinion for AFSTYLA® moves us one step closer to bringing this novel treatment option to haemophilia A patients in the European Union. Once approved, AFSTYLA will provide adults and children with a therapy that delivers on our promise to develop and bring to market innovative specialty biotherapies that help patients live full lives.” About Haemophilia A Primarily affecting males, haemophilia A is a congenital bleeding disorder characterised by deficient or defective factor VIII. -
MONONINE (“Difficulty ® Monoclonal Antibody Purified in Concentrating”; Subject Recovered)
CSL Behring IU/kg (n=38), 0.98 ± 0.45 K at doses >95-115 IU/kg (n=21), 0.70 ± 0.38 K at doses >115-135 IU/kg (n=2), 0.67 K at doses >135-155 IU/kg (n=1), and 0.73 ± 0.34 K at doses >155 IU/kg (n=5). Among the 36 subjects who received these high doses, only one (2.8%) Coagulation Factor IX (Human) reported an adverse experience with a possible relationship to MONONINE (“difficulty ® Monoclonal Antibody Purified in concentrating”; subject recovered). In no subjects were thrombo genic complications MONONINE observed or reported.4 only The manufacturing procedure for MONONINE includes multiple processing steps that DESCRIPTION have been designed to reduce the risk of virus transmission. Validation studies of the Coagulation Factor IX (Human), MONONINE® is a sterile, stable, lyophilized concentrate monoclonal antibody (MAb) immunoaffinity chromatography/chemical treatment step and of Factor IX prepared from pooled human plasma and is intended for use in therapy nanofiltration step used in the production of MONONINE doc ument the virus reduction of Factor IX deficiency, known as Hemophilia B or Christmas disease. MONONINE is capacity of the processes employed. These studies were conducted using the rel evant purified of extraneous plasma-derived proteins, including Factors II, VII and X, by use of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. The results of these virus validation studies utilizing immunoaffinity chromatography. A murine monoclonal antibody to Factor IX is used as an a wide range of viruses with different physicochemical properties are summarized in Table affinity ligand to isolate Factor IX from the source material. -
(Human) Monoclate-P® Factor VIII: C Pasteurized Monoclonal Antibody Purified
CSL Behring 1020 First Avenue PO Box 61501 King of Prussia, PA 19406-0901 Tel 610-878-4000 March 2018 Important availability information for Antihemophilic Factor (Human) Monoclate-P® Factor VIII: C Pasteurized Monoclonal Antibody Purified Dear Valued Customer: Throughout CSL Behring’s long history of providing leading hemophilia treatments, we have offered a broad portfolio of products, including Antihemophilic Factor (Human) Monoclate- P® Factor VIII:C Pasteurized Monoclonal Antibody Purified. We are writing now to keep you updated about product availability. CSL Behring has made the difficult decision to discontinue Monoclate-P and we estimate that supply will be available through December 2018, giving you time to consider your patients’ treatment options. Please note that due to expiration dating, availability of the 1500 IU vial size may be limited. We recognize that Monoclate-P has been an important part of your patients’ lives, and we remain committed to keeping you informed so you can appropriately advise them. We also want to share the rationale behind this decision. As hemophilia A treatment has advanced, and patients have transitioned from plasma-derived to recombinant and longer-acting therapies, it has been increasingly difficult to sustain the production and distribution of Monoclate-P. We encourage your Monoclate-P patients to speak with their physician regarding treatment options. As a patient-focused company, CSL Behring strives to create innovative therapies for the hemophilia community. That’s why we will continue to offer two therapies, AFSTYLA®, Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant), Single Chain, a next-generation Factor VIII therapy, and plasma-derived Antihemophilic Factor/von Willebrand Factor Complex (Human), Humate-P®. -
Urokinase, a Promising Candidate for Fibrinolytic Therapy for Intracerebral Hemorrhage
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION J Neurosurg 126:548–557, 2017 Urokinase, a promising candidate for fibrinolytic therapy for intracerebral hemorrhage *Qiang Tan, MD,1 Qianwei Chen, MD1 Yin Niu, MD,1 Zhou Feng, MD,1 Lin Li, MD,1 Yihao Tao, MD,1 Jun Tang, MD,1 Liming Yang, MD,1 Jing Guo, MD,2 Hua Feng, MD, PhD,1 Gang Zhu, MD, PhD,1 and Zhi Chen, MD, PhD1 1Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing; and 2Department of Neurosurgery, 211st Hospital of PLA, Harbin, People’s Republic of China OBJECTIVE Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with a high rate of mortality and severe disability, while fi- brinolysis for ICH evacuation is a possible treatment. However, reported adverse effects can counteract the benefits of fibrinolysis and limit the use of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). Identifying appropriate fibrinolytics is still needed. Therefore, the authors here compared the use of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), an alternate thrombolytic, with that of tPA in a preclinical study. METHODS Intracerebral hemorrhage was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by injecting autologous blood into the caudate, followed by intraclot fibrinolysis without drainage. Rats were randomized to receive uPA, tPA, or saline within the clot. Hematoma and perihematomal edema, brain water content, Evans blue fluorescence and neurological scores, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP mRNA, blood-brain barrier (BBB) tight junction proteins, and nuclear factor–κB (NF-κB) activation were measured to evaluate the effects of these 2 drugs in ICH. RESULTS In comparison with tPA, uPA better ameliorated brain edema and promoted an improved outcome after ICH. -
Familial Multiple Coagulation Factor Deficiencies
Journal of Clinical Medicine Article Familial Multiple Coagulation Factor Deficiencies (FMCFDs) in a Large Cohort of Patients—A Single-Center Experience in Genetic Diagnosis Barbara Preisler 1,†, Behnaz Pezeshkpoor 1,† , Atanas Banchev 2 , Ronald Fischer 3, Barbara Zieger 4, Ute Scholz 5, Heiko Rühl 1, Bettina Kemkes-Matthes 6, Ursula Schmitt 7, Antje Redlich 8 , Sule Unal 9 , Hans-Jürgen Laws 10, Martin Olivieri 11 , Johannes Oldenburg 1 and Anna Pavlova 1,* 1 Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; [email protected] (B.P.); [email protected] (B.P.); [email protected] (H.R.); [email protected] (J.O.) 2 Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital “Tzaritza Giovanna—ISUL”, 1527 Sofia, Bulgaria; [email protected] 3 Hemophilia Care Center, SRH Kurpfalzkrankenhaus Heidelberg, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany; ronald.fi[email protected] 4 Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center–University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; [email protected] 5 Center of Hemostasis, MVZ Labor Leipzig, 04289 Leipzig, Germany; [email protected] 6 Hemostasis Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; [email protected] 7 Center of Hemostasis Berlin, 10789 Berlin-Schöneberg, Germany; [email protected] 8 Pediatric Oncology Department, Otto von Guericke University Children’s Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; [email protected] 9 Division of Pediatric Hematology Ankara, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; Citation: Preisler, B.; Pezeshkpoor, [email protected] B.; Banchev, A.; Fischer, R.; Zieger, B.; 10 Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University of Duesseldorf, Scholz, U.; Rühl, H.; Kemkes-Matthes, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; [email protected] B.; Schmitt, U.; Redlich, A.; et al. -
RIASTAP®, Fibrinogen Concentrate (Human) Lyophilized Powder for Solution for Intravenous Injection
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION -------------------------------------CONTRAINDICATIONS ------------------------------------ These highlights do not include all the information needed to use RIASTAP • Known anaphylactic or severe systemic reactions to human plasma-derived products (4). safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for RIASTAP. ---------------------------------WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS---------------------------- RIASTAP®, Fibrinogen Concentrate (Human) • Monitor patients for early signs of anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity reactions and if necessary, discontinue administration and institute appropriate treatment (5.1). Lyophilized Powder for Solution for Intravenous Injection • Thrombotic events have been reported in patients receiving RIASTAP. Weigh the benefits of administration versus the risks of thrombosis (5.2). Initial U.S. Approval: 2009 • Because RIASTAP is made from human blood, it may carry a risk of transmitting ------------------------------------RECENT MAJOR CHANGES--------------------------------- infectious agents, e.g., viruses, the variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) agent Indications and Usage (1) 06/2021 and, theoretically, the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) agent (5.3). Dosage and Administration (2.2) 07/2020 -------------------------------------ADVERSE REACTIONS-------------------------------------- ----------------------------------INDICATIONS AND USAGE----------------------------------- • The most serious adverse reactions observed are thrombotic episodes (pulmonary RIASTAP, Fibrinogen -
A Guide for People Living with Von Willebrand Disorder CONTENTS
A guide for people living with von Willebrand disorder CONTENTS What is von Willebrand disorder (VWD)?................................... 3 Symptoms............................................................................................... 5 Types of VWD...................................................................................... 6 How do you get VWD?...................................................................... 7 VWD and blood clotting.................................................................... 11 Diagnosis................................................................................................. 13 Treatment............................................................................................... 15 Taking care of yourself or your child.............................................. 19 (Education, information, first aid/medical emergencies, medication to avoid) Living well with VWD......................................................................... 26 (Sport, travel, school, telling others, work) Special issues for women and girls.................................................. 33 Connecting with others..................................................................... 36 Can I live a normal life with von Willebrand disorder?............. 37 More information................................................................................. 38 2 WHAT IS VON WILLEBRAND DISORDER (VWD)? Von Willebrand disorder (VWD) is an inherited bleeding disorder. People with VWD have a problem with a protein -
Fibrin Induces Release of Von Willebrand Factor from Endothelial Cells
Fibrin induces release of von Willebrand factor from endothelial cells. J A Ribes, … , C W Francis, D D Wagner J Clin Invest. 1987;79(1):117-123. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI112771. Research Article Addition of fibrinogen to human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture resulted in release of von Willebrand factor (vWf) from Weibel-Palade bodies that was temporally related to formation of fibrin in the medium. Whereas no release occurred before gelation, the formation of fibrin was associated with disappearance of Weibel-Palade bodies and development of extracellular patches of immunofluorescence typical of vWf release. Release also occurred within 10 min of exposure to preformed fibrin but did not occur after exposure to washed red cells, clot liquor, or structurally different fibrin prepared with reptilase. Metabolically labeled vWf was immunopurified from the medium after release by fibrin and shown to consist of highly processed protein lacking pro-vWf subunits. The contribution of residual thrombin to release stimulated by fibrin was minimized by preparing fibrin clots with nonstimulatory concentrations of thrombin and by inhibiting residual thrombin with hirudin or heating. We conclude that fibrin formed at sites of vessel injury may function as a physiologic secretagogue for endothelial cells causing rapid release of stored vWf. Find the latest version: https://jci.me/112771/pdf Fibrin Induces Release of von Willebrand Factor from Endothelial Cells Julie A. Ribes, Charles W. Francis, and Denisa D. Wagner Hematology Unit, Department ofMedicine, University ofRochester School ofMedicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642 Abstract erogeneous and can be separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) electrophoresis into a series of disulfide-bonded multimers Addition of fibrinogen to human umbilical vein endothelial cells with molecular masses from 500,000 to as high as 20,000,000 in culture resulted in release of von Willebrand factor (vWf) D (8). -
Plasma Levels of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1, Factor VIII
Plasma Levels of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1, Factor VIII, Prothrombin ,Activation Fragment 1؉2, Anticardiolipin and Antiprothrombin Antibodies are Risk Factors for Thrombosis in Hemodialysis Patients Daniela Molino,*,†,‡ Natale G. De Santo,* Rosa Marotta,*,†,§ Pietro Anastasio,* Mahrokh Mosavat,† and Domenico De Lucia† Patients with end-stage renal disease are prone to hemorrhagic complications and simul- taneously are at risk for a variety of thrombotic complications such as thrombosis of dialysis blood access, the subclavian vein, coronary arteries, cerebral vessel, and retinal veins, as well as priapism. The study was devised for the following purposes: (1) to identify the markers of thrombophilia in hemodialyzed patients, (2) to establish a role for antiphos- pholipid antibodies in thrombosis of the vascular access, (3) to characterize phospholipid antibodies in hemodialysis patients, and (4) to study the effects of dialysis on coagulation cascade. A group of 20 hemodialysis patients with no thrombotic complications (NTC) and 20 hemodialysis patients with thrombotic complications (TC) were studied along with 400 volunteer blood donors. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and those with nephrotic syndrome were excluded. All patients underwent a screening prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen (Fg), coagulation factors of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, antithrombin III (AT-III), protein C (PC), protein S (PS), resistance to activated protein C, prothrombin activation fragment 1؉2 (F1؉2), plasminogen, tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen tissue activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), anticardiolipin antibodies type M and G (ACA-IgM and ACA-IgG), lupus anticoagulant antibodies, and antiprothrombin antibodies type M and G (aPT-IgM and aPT-IgG). -
Recommended Abbreviations for Von Willebrand Factor and Its Activities
RECOMMENDED ABBREVIATIONS FOR VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR AND ITS ACTIVITIES On behalf of the von Willebrand Factor Subcommittee of the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Claudine Mazurier and Francesco Rodeghiero Previous official recommendations concerning the abbreviations for von Willebrand Factor (and factor VIII) are 15 years old and were limited to "vWf" for the protein and "vWf:Ag" for the antigen (1). Nowadays, the various properties of von Willebrand Factor (ristocetin cofactor activity and capacity to bind to either collagen or factor VIII) are better defined and may warrant specific abbreviations. Furthermore, the protein synthesized by the von Willebrand factor gene is now abbreviated as pre-pro-VWF (2). Accordingly, the subcommittee on von Willebrand Factor of the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the ISTH has recommended new abbreviations for von Willebrand Factor antigen and its various activities, currently measured by immunologic or functional assays (Table I). It is hoped that a uniform application of the abbreviations recommended here will improve communication among scientists and clinicians, especially for those who are less familiar with the field. Table 1: Recommended abbreviations for von Willebrand Factor and its activities Attribute Recommended abbreviations Mature protein VWF Antigen VWF:Ag Ristocetin cofactor activity VWF:RCo Collagen binding capacity VWF:CB Factor VIII binding capacity VWF:FVIIIB REFERENCES: 1 – Marder VJ, Mannucci PM, Firkin BG, Hoyer LW and Meyer D. Standard nomenclature for factor VIII and von Willebrand factor: a recommendation by the International Committee on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Thromb. Haemost. 1985, 54, 871-2. 2 – Goodeve AC, Eikenboom JCJ, Ginsburg D, Hilbert L, Mazurier C, Peake IR, Sadler JE, Rodeghiero F on behalf of the ISTH SSC subcommittee on von Willebrand Factor. -
Biomechanical Thrombosis: the Dark Side of Force and Dawn of Mechano- Medicine
Open access Review Stroke Vasc Neurol: first published as 10.1136/svn-2019-000302 on 15 December 2019. Downloaded from Biomechanical thrombosis: the dark side of force and dawn of mechano- medicine Yunfeng Chen ,1 Lining Arnold Ju 2 To cite: Chen Y, Ju LA. ABSTRACT P2Y12 receptor antagonists (clopidogrel, pras- Biomechanical thrombosis: the Arterial thrombosis is in part contributed by excessive ugrel, ticagrelor), inhibitors of thromboxane dark side of force and dawn platelet aggregation, which can lead to blood clotting and A2 (TxA2) generation (aspirin, triflusal) or of mechano- medicine. Stroke subsequent heart attack and stroke. Platelets are sensitive & Vascular Neurology 2019;0. protease- activated receptor 1 (PAR1) antag- to the haemodynamic environment. Rapid haemodynamcis 1 doi:10.1136/svn-2019-000302 onists (vorapaxar). Increasing the dose of and disturbed blood flow, which occur in vessels with these agents, especially aspirin and clopi- growing thrombi and atherosclerotic plaques or is caused YC and LAJ contributed equally. dogrel, has been employed to dampen the by medical device implantation and intervention, promotes Received 12 November 2019 platelet thrombotic functions. However, this platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. In such 4 Accepted 14 November 2019 situations, conventional antiplatelet drugs often have also increases the risk of excessive bleeding. suboptimal efficacy and a serious side effect of excessive It has long been recognized that arterial bleeding. Investigating the mechanisms of platelet thrombosis -
Assessing Plasmin Generation in Health and Disease
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Assessing Plasmin Generation in Health and Disease Adam Miszta 1,* , Dana Huskens 1, Demy Donkervoort 1, Molly J. M. Roberts 1, Alisa S. Wolberg 2 and Bas de Laat 1 1 Synapse Research Institute, 6217 KD Maastricht, The Netherlands; [email protected] (D.H.); [email protected] (D.D.); [email protected] (M.J.M.R.); [email protected] (B.d.L.) 2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +31-(0)-433030693 Abstract: Fibrinolysis is an important process in hemostasis responsible for dissolving the clot during wound healing. Plasmin is a central enzyme in this process via its capacity to cleave fibrin. The ki- netics of plasmin generation (PG) and inhibition during fibrinolysis have been poorly understood until the recent development of assays to quantify these metrics. The assessment of plasmin kinetics allows for the identification of fibrinolytic dysfunction and better understanding of the relationships between abnormal fibrin dissolution and disease pathogenesis. Additionally, direct measurement of the inhibition of PG by antifibrinolytic medications, such as tranexamic acid, can be a useful tool to assess the risks and effectiveness of antifibrinolytic therapy in hemorrhagic diseases. This review provides an overview of available PG assays to directly measure the kinetics of plasmin formation and inhibition in human and mouse plasmas and focuses on their applications in defining the role of plasmin in diseases, including angioedema, hemophilia, rare bleeding disorders, COVID- 19, or diet-induced obesity.