Air Pollution Control. High-Tech Solutions Are Often Based on Simple Ideas

Air pollution control. High-tech solutions are often based on simple ideas.

www.andritz.com Clean environment for a better tomorrow

ANDRITZ is a leading global supplier of innovative air pollution CONTENTS control technologies. Our product range combines 30+ years’ experience with the specific knowledge gained from over Clean environment for a 02 200 installations around the world. ANDRITZ offers high-end better tomorrow technologies and is a partner you can rely on.

Air pollution control 03

From single systems 04 to turnkey plants

Wet limestone flue gas 06 desulphurization

FGD plus 08

Seawater flue gas desulphurization 10 Wet limestone FGD, Tušimice, Czech Republic Turbo-CDS – The right choice 12 Working hand in hand with the Dry flue gas cleaning systems 14 environment: Air Pollution Control Pulse Jet Fabric Filters & ESPs 16 Turbo-CDS (Dry FGD) waste to energy power plant, Haikou, China Clean air is the basis of a healthy life. Air pollution causes discomfort or harm to DeNOx/Selective Catalytic 18 human beings and other living organisms. It is our mission to prevent air pollution Reduction (SCR) Thanks to our wide portfolio of flue Air pollution control technology from power generation and industrial processes. gas cleaning technologies and exten- applications for Multi-stage flue gas cleaning 20 sive experience in executing projects, Power stations Even with heavy subsidies and incentives, nology pioneer with a history in air pollution ANDRITZ is more than capable of han- Waste-to-energy plants renewable and environmentally friendly control spanning 30+ years. Our products Acid gas and mercury removal 22 dling all of the challenges involved in Biomass plants energy sources will only meet part of the range from flue gas scrubbers and SCRs your project. We are reliable and innova- Industrial plants world’s future demand for power. Reliance for power stations to complex flue gas Reseach & Development 24 tive – an ideal partner to help you meet on thermal power stations will continue to cleaning systems for waste-to-energy and your environmental and financial goals. be important for the future. With this reality, industrial plants. Keeping your plant in shape 25 Maintaining the energy efficiency of your it is critical to make thermal power genera- processes, complying with the most strin- tion cleaner and more sustainable. It is our Use of cutting-edge engineering tools and One stop shopping 26 gent environmental regulations and devel- mission to allow power plants to continue global R&D collaboration with a network of oping tailor-made solutions for your plant in long-term operation without impacting recognized partners and universities are References 28 are the cornerstones of our approach. the environment. the foundations of our work. Early identifi- cation of each client’s needs help us make With offices in the USA, Europe, South ANDRITZ delivers environmentally friendly a long-term contribution to clean air and a America, and Asia, ANDRITZ is able to pro- flue gas cleaning solutions, tailored to the clean environment. vide well-proven solutions for each respec- needs of our clients and their operating en- tive market and has the dedicated person- vironments. We are an environmental tech- nel to meet all clients’ needs. Wet limestone FGD, Trbovlje, Slovenia Circulating dry scrubbers (Dry FGD), Virginia, USA

02 03 A product range for all requirements

Wet limestone flue Dry flue gas DeNOx systems – gas desulphurization cleaning SCR

From single systems to turnkey plants

Several design options are available to choose from depending on the upstream processes and potential pollutants to be filtered out, including tailored solutions for industrial applications. Our goal is the removal of acid gases

(SOx, HCl, HF), particulate matter, mercury (Hg), heavy metals and nitrogen oxides (NO), dioxins and furans.

ANDRITZ offers wet limestone flue gas desulphurization (WFGD) ANDRITZ dry flue gas scrubbing processes are based on circulat- ANDRITZ offers Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology scrubbers with high reliability and availability based on a well- ing fluidized bed technology and offer an ideal solution for flue gas for the de-nitrification of flue gas. High- and low-dust as well as known principle of washing flue gas with a limestone slurry and cleaning downstream of conventional thermal power stations, bio- tail-end configurations are available. Dioxins and furans can also generating gypsum as a saleable end product. We have enhanced mass incineration plants, RDF-fired boilers (Refuse Derived Fuels), be removed with the SCR tail-end configuration. this basic process and now offer the most advanced scrubbing or waste-to-energy plants and other industrial applications. technology (FGDplus). Power station applications Power station applications SCR (high-dust, low-dust, or tail-end application) Power station applications Dry sorption SCR for combined cycle power plants (CCPP) Wet limestone flue gas desulphurization (WFGD) Turbo-CDS/TurboSorp FGDplus Mercury removal Mercury removal Particulate removal Industrial applications (including waste-to-energy and Seawater FGD biomass plants)

CO2 absorption SCR (low-dust) Industrial applications (including waste-to-energy and biomass plants) Industrial applications (including waste-to-energy and Dry sorption biomass plants) TurboSorp Wet flue gas cleaning (calcium and NaOH based) Particulate control Multi-stage scrubber Combined systems

04 05 Wet flue gas desulphurization systems Highly efficient processes for low emissions

Limestone flue gas desulphurization systems (FGDs) are well-proven and cost-effective. They have been in use in power stations since the 1970s. Over the years, we have created an advanced scrubber design with outstanding reliability and excellent availability. Plant economics have also been optimized, ensuring low capital and operating costs.

Limestone FGD: a new dimension ANDRITZ has set a new global standard of excellence with its wet limestone FGD Clean gas design, featuring the world’s largest wet scrubbers at the Neurath power plant (2 x 1,100 MW). These two scrubbers (with diameter of 23.6 m/77.4 ft) have been operating successfully since 2008, and each one can accommodate a flue gas flow of Ligang, China 4.75 million m³/h or 2.8 million ACFM. is substantially smaller than conventional Key features The unique scrubber design combined with designs and features adaptable scrubber Outstanding for all fuels (lignite, hard optimum use of our technology to meet our inlet and outlet geometry, as well as opti- coal, oil, biomass, waste) customers’ needs has become our trade- mum layout of the spray nozzles and spray SO2 removal > 99% mark. Technical and economic optimiza- banks. This results in a uniform SO2 pro- Maximum HCl and HF removal levels tion guarantees lower capital and operat- Raw gas file in combination with the highest possi- Gypsum as a saleable end product ing costs. ble gas velocity in the scrubber – remov- Flue gas volume flows of up to ing the most pollutants while utilizing the 5 million m3/h [stp, wet] per least power. scrubber Scrubber at Neurath Power Plant,, Germany Limestone as a favorably priced The scrubber also benefits from use of the absorption agent Limestone FGD: advanced latest materials and construction meth- Low operating costs and power scrubber design ods. Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) absorb- consumption The nucleus of our design is the scrubber, ers and reinforced concrete absorbers with Open spray tower, low pressure loss which is an open spray tower that has been polypropylene linings are used in addition Options for materials of construction enhanced using computerized simulation to the proven stainless steel and alloy ab- (high-alloy carbon steel with rubber techniques. We have been conducting in- sorbers as well as carbon steel absorbers lining, concrete with PP-lining, glass tensive development work in this field since with a variety of inner linings. fiber reinforced plastics) 1995 and today enjoy a leading position Wet limestone scrubbing process that not only allows us to simulate flow and World´s largest absorber in Neurath, Germany temperature profiles, but also to calculate

the distribution of SO2 concentrations in the scrubber.

During comparisons of simulator data with actual plant measurements, the flow and temperature profiles have verified our design parameters. Compared to tradition- al scrubbers, the result is a scrubber that

06 07 FGDplus The optimized mass transfer upgrade for

improved removal of SOx, dust, and aerosol The drivers for process development in the field of flue gas cleaning technologies are no longer limited to more stringent, country-specific emission limits.

Meanwhile, there are other drivers, such as gy meets these new requirements. The pat- Existing open spray tower scrubbers can optimization of the separating efficiency in ented FGDplus technology from ANDRITZ be retrofitted easily to a new level of per- order to improve input of energy and re- is based on an optimized “tracked mass formance with this innovation, where the sources. Another determining factor is the transfer” inside the scrubber. With this sys- design will be optimized to meet the re- need to minimize the maintenance effort tem, an optimized combination of different quirements on site. Influence on the exist- over the entire lifecycle of a flue gas desul- absorption regimes leads to improved SOx, ing design of the scrubber sump and the phurization plant (FGD plant). dust, and aerosol removal, which helps to recirculation system is minor. Challeng- improve the efficiency of any installed sys- ing implementation time and special main- A new type of FGD technology based on the tem. Especially in high sulphur applica- tenance requirements will also favor the proven ANDRITZ limestone wash technolo- tions, these advantages are outstanding. FGDplus system.

A very robust and reliable FGD system was introduced with the FGDplus design. Based on long term investigations on lab and pilot scale, but especially with an industrial- size pilot plant at a lignite-fired power plant in Germany, a new and innovative design was developed. The first applications and long-term experience in Germany and Asia confirm these findings and show a clear ad- RWE Power AG vantage over comparable designs on the market.

SO2 profile FGDplus Key features Optimized combination of favorable mass transfer regimes from inlet to Spray regime

outlet of absorber SO2 profile Easy to implement and update spray existing systems Short implementation time

Robust design, absolutely blocking Absorption height resistant Minimized operation and mainte- FGDplus nance costs Designed for optimized removal of

SOx, dust, and aerosol Absorber inlet Quench area

Spray tower, Karlsruhe, Germany FGDplus demonstration plant at RWE lignite SO2 concentration power plant, Niederaussem, Germany

08 09 Seawater FGD at Central Power Plant #6,Venezuela

Seawater FGD at Vung Ang power plant, Vietnam

Seawater Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD) Process with low operating and maintenance

Wise principle Oxygen Demand). In the meantime, CO2 Key features costs for use in coastal regions The principle of our process is to make use formed by the neutralization reaction is Outstanding for various fuels of the natural alkalinity of seawater instead stripped by aeration membranes, and the (lignite, hard coal, oil, and biomass)

ANDRITZ has developed the seawater FGD process by taking full advantage of the of using limestone solution to absorb acid- pH value is increased consequently to meet Up to 99% SO2 removal

cooling water circuit downstream of the condenser of power plants in coastal areas. ic substances in the flue gas. The SO2 is legal requirements. No by-products first converted into sulphite. Then the sul- Seawater as absorbent Ideal solution for coastal plant plication, ANDRITZ offers an FGD scrub- phite is oxidated to form sulphate in the Flexible arrangement Open spray tower technology and ANDRITZ´s seawater FGD system is able ber based on the well proven open spray CFD-optimized aeration basin in order to ANDRITZ is able to provide customized packed tower design to work without additional absorbent, and tower technology, combined with an FG- maintain the pH, raise the DO (dissolved seawater FGD design and planning to suit Low operating and maintenance there are no by-products or waste creat- Dplus system. In addition, ANDRITZ also oxygen), and reduce the COD (Chemical the general power plant arrangement. costs ed that need further treatment or dispos- has experience with a packed tower design High availability al. Raw flue gas enters the scrubber and for seawater FGD systems. These systems Options for materials of construc- is cleaned in counter-current by seawater. are beneficial in optimizing the plant’s foot- tion (high-alloy carbon steel with

The principle applied here is similar to the print and efficiency at high SO2 inlet con- rubber lining, concrete with PP-lin- limestone process. Depending on the ap- centrations. ing, glass fiber reinforced plastics)

10 11 Turbo-CDS Multi-pollutant control for boilers up to 300 MWel

ANDRITZ Turbo-CDS technology is the ideal solution for flue gas cleaning downstream of boilers fired with fossil fuels and other energy sources. It is an optimum one-step solution that has demonstrated not only high efficiency in removal of SOx and particulate, but also of HCl, HF, heavy metals like mercury, and other hazardous pollutants.

Process idized “air slide” conveyors. This recircula- Key features

ANDRITZ´s Turbo-CDS system based on tion system also regulates disposal of the Focus on optimized SOx and the well proven circulating fluid bed (CFB) by-product, which is a dry powder that can dust removal (> 99%) – high technology. It has shown excellent perfor- be landfilled or used beneficially as struc- reliability and flexibility mance as a multi-pollutant control system tural fill or in agricultural applications. Multi-pollutant control in one step, in just one step. suitable for an expanded set of The flue gas flows through a cylindrical ap- Other equipment has also been optimized pollutants newly regulated in the paratus (CFB scrubber). The scrubber inlet and designed especially for the ANDRITZ US, the EU, and China uses multiple venturi nozzles to increase Turbo-CDS. The lime hydrator, for exam- Experience using a single scrubber gas velocity in order to support the fluid- ple, can be made an integrated part of the train handling up to 1.2 million m3/h ized bed. The bed material in the fluidized overall ANDRITZ technology so that pebble (0.7 million acfm), equivalent to bed consists of unreacted lime, which is in- (or “burnt”) lime (CaO) can be used as the 300 MWel per CFB scrubber jected as a dry powder, reaction by-prod- reagent, which is less expensive than us- CFD modelling used as an engi- ucts, and fly ash. These materials are re- ing hydrated lime. neering tool – optimization of fluid circulated between the scrubber and the dynamics connected filter. In addition, process wa- Advantages In-house lime hydration design, ter is injected separately into the scrubber ANDRITZ Turbo-CDS has been optimized optimized for ANDRITZ Turbo-CDS in order to enhance the desulphurization for a minimum footprint requirement and is, capacity of the process. Wastewater from therefore, an excellent solution for retrofits other processes can be used as process where space for the necessary plant is limit- water, which is beneficial if waste water dis- ed. With this system, no wastewater is gen- posal is desired or if fresh water availabil- erated. Also the short implementation time, ity is limited on site. To collect particulate and the low investment and maintenance matter exiting the scrubber, either a fabric costs are clear advantages over compara- filter or an electrostatic precipitator may be ble systems. The ANDRITZ Turbo-CDS has used. The separated material is recirculat- demonstrated its high availability in multiple ed back into the scrubber by means of flu- applications around the world.

Timişoara

Timişoara, Romania

12 13 Dry flue gas cleaning systems Effective and compact – in one step

ANDRITZ dry flue gas cleaning systems meet the requirements for complying with the world’s TurboSorp, Fabric Filter, SCR, strictest emissions legislation, the desire for low consumption of additives, the need for mini- Moerdijk, Netherlands mal residues, and the installation simplicity of a compact design. Dry Sorbent Injection and Tail-End SCR, Conyers (GA), Pratt, USA Activated carbon can be used to achieve Dry Sorbent Injection (DSI) and plant upgrades are necessary. Hydrat- excellent removal of mercury, heavy metals, In certain cases, especially for smaller ed lime neutralizes the acid components and dioxin/furan. As a result of advanced plants, dry sorbent injection is used for in the flue gas, whereas activated car- process management in terms of operat- removal of SOx and/or HCl, and even as bon injection can be used for heavy met- ing temperature, solids recirculation, and a multi-pollutant control system. DSI has al and dioxin/furan removal. A downstream the dosage of additives, material consump- been optimized for a minimum footprint re- bag filter is usually used for particulate re- tion and generation of waste are kept to a quirement and is, therefore, an excellent moval, where dust and by-products are minimum. The by-product of the process solution for retrofits where space is limited collected. is a dry, powdery residue, which – depending on its composition – can be landfilled or used as a filler (e.g. road construction).

Low investment and maintenance cost Turbo-CDS systems are noteworthy for their compact designs. This allows for easi- Key features er installation in a plant. Fluidized bed tech- Proven technology know-how with nology does not use rotating or wear parts, excellent references reducing the initial investment cost and the Dry sorbent technologies optimized ongoing maintenance costs. Due to the for any onsite conditions, with a simplicity of the design of the system com- focus on multi-pollutant control ponents, very high levels of availability are solutions: achieved. SOx, HCl, HF removal Clean gas Dust and particulate matter Sodium bicarbonate TurboSorp Heavy metal including mercu- The sodium bicarbonate process is used Similar to the Turbo-CDS technology, the ry, organic, and other pollutants Water additives wherever waste production must be kept to TurboSorp process consists of a CFB like dioxins/furans a minimum. Due to the very high reactivity scrubber connected to a bag filter, where Low investment costs of sodium bicarbonate, only a small amount the product is circulated multiple times be- Low maintenance, high availability of sorbent is required. The process is inde- fore it is released from the process. The Wastewater free Raw pendent as long as the temperature is high TurboSorp process is designed to optimize gas enough. This technology is also compat- the footprint and keep the installation time ible with low temperature SCR, where no to a minimum. Due to product recirculation reheating is required. and water injection, the sorbent consump- Circulating Dry Scrubbing (CDS) process tion is minimized.

14 15 Particulate removal technologies Pulse Jet Fabric Filters (PJFFs) and Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs)

ANDRITZ Pulse Jet Fabric Filter technology has been developed through the design and installation of more than 80 fabric filter systems worldwide.

Pulse Jet fabric filters (PJFF) Filter bag life in excess of five years These fabric filters treat approximately Low pressure drop on stand-alone 54 million m3/h (32 million ACFM) of flue filters as well as downstream of gas, primarily at coal-fired boiler power CFB scrubbers plants (over 7,000 MW capacity), but also Unparalleled fossil fuel experience including waste incinerators, biomass, and Ideal solution for dry scrubber ap- other industrial processes. plications, low sulphur, and PRB coals ANDRITZ fabric filters are used to meet the > 99.9% particulate removal, with most stringent particulate emissions re- demonstrated emissions less than quirements, but also for ash recirculation 0.005 lb/MMBtu and collection, as well as the adsorption or absorption of partially gaseous pollutants in conjunction with the ANDRITZ CFB Wet Electrostatic Precipitator (WESP) scrubbers or Dry Sorbent Injection (DSI) Extensive experience with wet-type elec- systems. trostatic precipitators that are now operating worldwide. The WESP is used to col- Key features Cleco, USA Hoppers for the pulse jet fabric filter - Big Stone - Otter Tail lect sub-micron particulate and aerosols Modular fabric filter (PJFF) designs (PM10) from gas streams. available up to 150 MW Structural designs up to 500 MW in Key features a single fabric filter No emission of aerosol As many as 1,800 bags per com- Dust removal down to PM2.5 and partment <1 mg/m3 [stp] ASME stamped pulse headers with Reduction of heavy metals multiple pulse valve designs High velocity operation up to 4 m/s High- and medium-pressure cleaning system designs Filter bags up to 10 meters (32.8 ft) Dry electrostatic precipitators in length Dry electrostatic precipitators are offered Multiple filter bag and cage designs as part of our Circulating Fluid Bed (CFB) to suit any application scrubber system as well as on integrated air quality control system projects.

Key features Dust removal down to 10 mg/m3 [stp, dry] Retrofit of existing ESP

Otter Tail Power, USA

16 17 DeNOx plants Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

ANDRITZ was among the first companies in Europe to use SCR technology successfully.

The company has numerous references in We are able to to select specific operat- Key features the DeNOx/SCR sector encompassing a ing parameters, catalyst geometry, and Aqueous ammonia direct injection variety of applications. In addition to use in composition, thus ensuring optimum Latent heat of flue gas used to power plants (high- and low-dust configu- operation. vaporize reagent ration), we have also used SCR technolo- Injection of pre-vaporized ammonia gy successfully for waste incineration and with optimized Ammonia Injection other industrial processes. Grid (AIG)

Optimum NOX to ammonia distribution at minimum pressure drop Experience with wide fuel range Most coal types (PRB, subbitu- minous, bituminous, and lignite) Guide-vanes Oil refinery wastes, lean gas, natural gas Flow straighter 320-400° C MSW, industrial sludge NO + NH 3 › N + H 2 2O Mixer step 2 Biofuels, sewage sludge Catalyst layer 1 Experience with various SCR High-dust configuration at Hoosier Energy Merom Power Station, Units 1 & 2, Sullivan (IN), USA arrangements Catalyst Mixer step 1 layer 2 High dust

Catalyst Our DeNOx/SCR systems are used The location of the DeNOx/SCR system Low dust layer 3 Tail-end configuration, Moerdijk, Netherlands in the following plants within the flue gas cleaning process de- Tail end Ammonia Future pends on the type of fuel involved. Our tail- SCR cleaning devices injection catalyst Power plants end configuration has proved to be high- soot blowers Raw gas Gas-fired ly effective in waste incineration and bio- sonic horns Eco bypass Oil-fired mass-fired plants. The active centers of the Coal-fired catalyst are only exposed to a minimum of Economizer Biomass-fired catalyst poisons, resulting in a longer lifetime. Raw gas Waste incineration plants Regenerative air preheater Household waste Due to the necessity of a reheating sys- Hazardous waste tem, the investment and operating costs Hospital waste are higher for the tail-end configuration, Ammonia / which is thus mainly used in industrial ap- Air-mixer Vaporizer Industrial plants plications. Steel industry

Air Oil industry The high-dust configuration is preferred for Air Ammonia Pulp and paper industry power plants (coal, gas, oil), as the costs for storage tank Clean gas reheating can be avoided. ANDRITZ has an extensive database on catalyst life for a variety of fuels. Consequently, we are able to optimize and minimize the catalyst volume for every application.

18 19 Multi-stage/combined flue gas cleaning Compliance with lowest emission values

ANDRITZ has the competence to combine and optimize systems for special requirements.

Current legislation regarding waste disposal and emission levels requires state- of-the-art flue gas cleaning systems. Selec- tive pollutant removal is required, which not only aims to achieve minimum emissions in tandem with low operating costs, but also enables the recovery of recyclable by-products and a linked reduction in the volume of highly pollutant residues.

ANDRITZ is the perfect partner for tailored solutions meeting both environmental and procedural requirements. We accompany our clients through the whole investment process, beginning with project development through plant commissioning, and then service support for the lifetime of the system.

Wet scrubber, tail-end SCR, two trains, Spittelau, Austria

Our flue gas cleaning systems are designed Key features in modules. This helps us to configure and Process/project development combine technologies in order to meet spe- for complex, unique process cific requirements: requirements As an experienced EPC contractor, Dry flue gas cleaning knowledge of the complex project DeNOx/SCR systems set-up throughout the entire project Multi-stage wet scrubbing lifetime

SCR, spray dryer, fabric filter, two-stage wet Particulate control Focus on holistic project set-up scrubber, two trains, Mainz, Germany Spray absorption – minimizing operation costs, Recirculation pumps, Pfaffenau, Austria Activated carbon recovery of recyclable by-products Process know-how, experience from tip to toe for multiple industry sectors

20 21 Mercury control Holistic approach to minimize mercury emissions throughout the process chain

Of the several processes for removing mercury from the emissions of coal-fired power stations, the most preferred are those that have synergy with existing air pollution control equipment.

Mercury is a potentially deadly neuro-toxin. way, but also the processes within the wet the greater part of the mercury originating ANDRITZ has long-term experience with able for two major reasons if the plant man- ANDRITZ offers an upgrade of any mercury Mercury emissions from coal-fired power FGD system and downward streams into within the boiler. Other process steps with- wet and dry FGD systems. A well designed agement is targeting beneficial use of the reduction system with a clear mercury sink stations are a major environmental con- account. We expect that this issue will be- in the flue gas path are crucial for any fur- dry flue gas cleaning system will help to FGD product. Firstly, it greatly increases within the FGD system. ANDRITZ can draw cern due to the toxicity and persistence come a main topic worldwide for coal-fired ther mercury oxidation downstream of the minimize the additional additive costs. the mercury content in the gypsum, which on long-term experience with any dewater- of mercury that accumulates in our water- boilers within the next few years. boiler as well. For instance, any enhanced ANDRITZ has introduced and constant- could render the FGD product useless as a ing technology. Thus, a controlled mercury ways. oxidation within an existing SCR unit has ly improved the TurboSorp Circulation Dry resource for the drywall industry. Second- sink is created. If the conventional oxidation in the gas to be considered for any process devel- Scrubbing (CDS) system. ly, the gypsum whiteness will deteriorate Stringent mercury emission limits in the USA phase, based on the gas condition and opments. Finally, the oxidized mercury will and hence be unattractive for commercial Key features and upcoming BAT and IED regulations in process set-up, is not sufficient to meet be caught at the FGD scrubber. ANDRITZ The wet FGD is not only a very efficient way use. Offering a complete, holistic Europe present a significant challenge. To the emission limits, ANDRITZ offers a well considers all the important process of separating acidic components from the mercury reduction system including meet these limits, ANDRITZ follows a ho- proven calcium bromide oxidation sys- steps and the gas composition in order flue gas stream, it is also highly efficient With conventional hydrocyclone systems, flue gas path and FGD by-products listic approach by taking not only the vari- tem. Dosing calcium bromide into the boil- to optimize the mercury emission control when it comes to removal of the oxidized the specifically bound mercury cannot be Proven system for mercury removal ous oxidation reactions in the flue gas path- er is an adequate and easy way to oxidize system implemented. mercury species. However, inconsistencies removed efficiently from the gypsum. Thus, in the flue gas path in the wet scrubber chemistry can be linked ANDRITZ offers a patented hydrocyclone Patented new hydrocyclone system to re-emissions of mercury that has already design that clearly separates the mercury- for mercury removal from by- been captured. In order to avoid any re- loaded particles (e.g. PAC) from the gyp- products emissions from the FGD process, ANDRITZ sum and thereby reduces the mercury con- Easy to implement and to upgrade Boiler SCR ESP WFGD Stack focuses particularly on binding and stabiliz- tent in the FGD product to a minimum. This existing systems CaBr2 ing the dissolved mercury in the limestone system is easy to implement and has a clear Defined mercury sink within the slurry. If, for instance, PAC (powdered acti- advantage for any upgrade of existing FGD waste water plant vated carbon) injection is applied to inhibit installations. In order to enhance the mer- re-emission, the main mercury sink in the cury transfer to the waste water treatment Filter ash with PAC conventional process chain will be the FGD plant and also to prevent an increase of the low Hg content by-product – the gypsum. This is unaccept- mercury concentration within the scrubber,

HC2 Wastewater Separator Treatment Plant HC1 Wastewater Gypsum with Discharge low Hg content

Sludge with ANDRITZ scope of supply high Hg content

Hg removal

22 23 Making your plant fit for upcoming, stringent emission limits

Increasingly stringent emission limits worldwide for dust, NOx, SOx, mercury, and other flue gas pollutants, but also further overall plant efficiency standards (guidelines) require individual solutions (solution approaches) for existing facilities.

In order to find the best suitable solution (for our clients. With the CFD model, we can the individual frame conditions), ANDRITZ provide local and/or time-resolved visual- can draw from an extensive pool of know- ization of flow and transport processes in how and a variety of test and measurement multi-phase processes. For example, pol- facilities, as well as offering full support for lutant concentrations in apparatus can be modernization of the air pollution control pinpointed locally and temporarily. systems of older power plants and industrial facilities. Key features Together with our own measurement and Increasingly stringent flue gas laboratory team, ANDRITZ has gathered emission limits for dust (down to extensive know-how for all of the flue gas 5 mg/m3 [stp, dry]), 3 pollutants mentioned. Within the past few NOx (< 75 mg/m [stp, dry]), 3 years, we have analyzed several existing SOx (< 35 mg/m [stp, dry]), facilities in order to pinpoint different pol- mercury (< 3 µg/m3 [stp, dry]), lution tracks on several different process and other pollutants parameters. We analyze specimens in our labo- After a first facility process check with our ratory and our own measurement modernization specialists, we aim to gain team conducts the measurements a detailed insight into the whole process We develop and implement optimi- chain, from the boiler to the stack. In com- zation concepts for your plant bination with our simulation models, devel- We identify the most cost-effective oped and tested in-house, like our Compu- solution for your specific challeng- tational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model, we es with respect to both investment find the most suitable solution together with and operating expenses We take care of the planning and execution from project development to plant commissioning, to support during the warranty period

RWE Power AG

24 25 References

Neurath F/G, Germany Karlsruhe, Germany Rybnik, Poland Tusimice II, Czech Republic Virginia City, VA, USA Moerdijk, Netherlands Wet limestone FGD Wet limestone FGD Wet limestone FGD Wet limestone FGD CFB scrubbers, PJFF and ESP TurboSorp PJFF, ESP and SCR/DeNOx Customer: RWE Power Customer: EnBW Customer: Elektrownia Rybnik Customer: CEZ Customer: Dominion Energy Customer: BMC Moerdijk Capacity: 2 x 1,100 MWel, 2 x 4,850,000 m3/h [stp, wet] Capacity: 910 MWel, 2,500,000 m3/h [stp, wet] Capacity: 4 x 200 MWel, 2 x 1,320,000 m3/h [stp, wet] Capacity: 4 x 200 MWel , 2 x 1,780,000 m3/h [stp, wet] Capacity: 2 x 335 MWel, 2 x 1,046,000 acfm Capacity: 250,000 m3/h [stp, wet] Fuel: Lignite Fuel: Hard coal Fuel: Hard coal Fuel: Lignite Fuel: Waste coal, biomass Fuel: Poultry litter Start-up: 2011 Start-up: 2011 Start-up: 2008 Start-up: 2009 / 2010 Start-up: 2011 Start-Up: 2008

Linz 04-05, Austria Sandow, Texas County, USA TA Lauta, Germany Haikou, China Guacolda, Chile Lünen, Germany SCR DeNOx CFB scrubber, PJFF Multi-stage FGC plant Turbo-CDS WtE power plant Turbo-CDS (dry FGD) and SCR plant Wet limestone FGD Customer: VA STAHL Customer: Bechtel Corporation / Luminant Customer: Ravon Lauta Customer: CPI New Energy Holding Customer: Empresa Electrica Guacolda Customer: Trianel Capacity: 2 x 150,000 m3/h [stp, wet] Capacity: 2 x 315 MW, 2 x 1,118,200 m3/h [stp, wet] Capacity: 2 x 76,000 m3/h [stp, wet] Capacity: 2 × 600 t/d, 2 × 108700 Nm³/h Capacity: 3 x 140 MW, 3 x 560,000 m³/h (std, wet) Capacity: 1 x 800 MWel, 1,965,000 m3/h [stp, wet] Fuel: Blast furnace gas, coke oven gas Sorbent: Hydrated lime Fuel: Domestic waste Sorbent: Ca(OH)2 Fuel: Coal Fuel: Hard coal Start-up: 2004-2005 Start-up: 2008 Start-up: 2002 Start-up: 2012 Start-up: 2015-2016 Start-up: 2012

Turceni, Romania Yunus Emre, Turkey Central Power Plant #6, Venezuela Glückstadt, Germany Mellach, Austria Luke, MD, USA Wet limestone FGD Turbo-CDS and ESP Seawater FGD Dry FGC (TurboSorp) SCR DeNOx Pulse Jet Fabric Filter (PJFF) Customer: S.C. Complexul Energetic Turceni S.A. Customer: Vitkovice, Adularya Customer: Beijing Boqi Electric Power Sci-tech Co., Ltd Customer: HKWG Glückstadt Customer: Siemens, Verbund ATP Customer: New Page Capacity: 4 x 330 MWel, 4 x 1,723,000 m3/h [stp, wet] Capacity: 2 x 145 MWel, 2 x 610,000 m3/h [stp, wet] Capacity: 1 × 600 MW, 1 × 1,973,209 Nm³/h Capacity: 160,000 m3/h [stp, wet] Capacity: 2 x 400 MWel, 2 x 2,100,000 m3/h [stp, wet] Capacity: 1 x 179,900 and 1 x 349,800 m3/h [stp, wet] Fuel: Lignite Fuel: Lignite Sorbent: Seawater Fuel: RDF, sludge, coal Fuel: Natural gas Fuel: Eastern bituminous coal Start-up: 2011 Start-up: 2013 Start-up: 2014 Start-up: 2009 Start-up: 2011 Start-up: 2007

26 27 CONTACT

GRAZ, AUSTRIA COLUMBIA, USA FOSHAN, CHINA ANDRITZ AG ANDRITZ Inc. ANDRITZ (China) Ltd. Headquarters 7110 Samuel Morse Drive- Suite 150 9 Tian Bao Road, West City Industry Zone, Stattegger Strasse 18 Columbia, MD 21046 Chan Cheng District, 8045 Graz Phone: +1 (410) 910 5100 Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China Phone: +43 (316) 6902 0 [email protected] Phone: +86 (757) 8296 9222 [email protected] [email protected]

GRAZ/RAABA, AUSTRIA SANTIAGO, CHILE NEW DELHI, INDIA ANDRITZ AG ANDRITZ Chile Ltda. ANDRITZ India Private Limited Waagner-Biro-Platz 1 Isidora Goyenechea 3600, Oficina 1002, 602, Eros Corporate Tower, Nehru Place, 8074 Raaba-Grambach Las Condes 7550053 Santiago New Delhi-110019, INDIA Phone: +43 (316) 501-0 Phone: +56 (2) 462 4605 Phone: +91-11-46074984~5 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] www.andritz.com

All data, information, statements, photographs and graphic illustrations in this brochure are without any obligation and raise no liabilities to or form part of any sales contracts of ANDRITZ AG or any affiliates for equipment and/or systems referred to herein. © ANDRITZ AG 2016. All rights reserved. No part of this copyrighted work may be reproduced, modified or distrib- uted in any form or by any means, or stored in any database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ANDRITZ AG or its affiliates. Any such unauthorized use for any purpose is a violation of the relevant copyright laws. ANDRITZ AG, Stattegger Strasse 18, 8045 Graz, Austria. PP.APC.02.eng.10.16