DOCSLIB.ORG

Charts, Airspace & Navigation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Charts, Airspace & Navigation Charts, Airspace & Navigation AAAA Commercial Pilot Ground School Objectives To review latitude and longitude on Sectional Charts. To review time zones of flight and convert to UTC. To identify and explain items on Sectional Charts. To use Sectional Charts for navigation. To identify the different airspace on Sectional Charts. To explain the characteristics of different airspace. To list the requirements for flying in different airspace. To answer the questions on the Knowledge Test. AAAA Education Foundation 2 Overview Longitude & Latitude Time Zones Charts and Topography Airspace Pilotage Plotting Courses Magnetic Variation GPS AAAA Education Foundation 3 Latitude & Longitude Latitude = Parallel (around) Longitude = Meridian (up & down) Increment Degrees (denoted by a °) Minutes (60 minutes/degree, denoted by ’) Seconds (60 seconds/minute, denoted by”) What are GPS increments? AAAA Education Foundation 4 Latitude / Parallels AAAA Education Foundation 5 Longitude / Meridians AAAA Education Foundation 6 Longitude / Meridians International Date Line = 180° 180° North 90° West Pole 90° East AAAA Education0° Foundation 7 Greenwich, England Read Latitude and Longitude Latitude 36° Longitude linesLongitude 106 105 ° ° 35°20’ North 105°37’ West AAAA Education35 Foundation° 8 Finding Latitude/Longitude How high is the peak at 36°18’N, 110°03’W? AAAA Education Foundation 9 Latitude & Longitude Exercise Answers are: 1. a 2. c 3. b 4. b 5. b AAAA Education Foundation 10 Aviation Time Aviation time is Zulu (Z) based on Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) expressed in 24 hour clock i.e. 1600Z = 4:00pm GMT = 9:00am MST or 10am MDT AAAA Education Foundation 11 Time Zones AAAA Education Foundation 12 U.S. Time Zones AAAA Education Foundation 13 Conversion to Zulu/UTC time Eastern Standard Time – add 5 hrs Eastern Daylight Time – add 4 hrs Central Standard Time – add 6 hrs Central Daylight Time – add 5 hrs Mountain Standard Time – add 7 hrs Mountain Daylight Time – add 6 hrs Western Standard Time – add 8 hrs Western Daylight Time – add 7 hrs AAAA Education Foundation 14 Time Conversion Exercise Answers are: 1. c 2. b 3. c 4. a AAAA Education Foundation 15 Charts & Topography World Aeronautical Charts (WAC) Appropriate for moderate speed aircraft 1:1,000,000 scale (1” = 13.7 NM) Sectional Aeronautical Charts Appropriate for slow/medium speed aircraft 1:500,000 scale (1” = 6.86 NM) VFR Terminal Area Charts For Class B Airports 1:250,000 (1” = 3.43 NM) AAAA Education Foundation 16 Sectional Chart vs. VFR Terminal Area Chart AAAA Education Foundation 17 Information on Sectional Charts AAAA Education Foundation 18 Airport Information AAAA Education Foundation 19 Obstruction Symbols Both elevation and heights for obstacles are shown on sectionals. 2049 = top of obstruction in MSL (1149) = height of obstruction above ground (AGL) AAAA Education Foundation 20 Contour Lines & Shading AAAA Education Foundation 21 Contour Lines AAAA Education Foundation 22 Maximum Elevation Figures Shown in thousands & hundreds of feet The maximum elevation figure is based on the highest known feature in each quadrangle, including terrain and obstructions. AAAA Education Foundation 23 Charts & Topography Exercise Answers are: 1. c 2. c 3. c 4. c 5. c 6. b 7. c AAAA Education Foundation 24 Airspace Controlled Airspace Class A Class B Class C Class D Class E Uncontrolled Airspace Class G Special Use Airspace AAAA Education Foundation 25 Airspace on Sectionals AAAA Education Foundation 26 Class A Airspace Altitude or Above 18,000 ft MSL to FL 600 IFR only NOT shown on Sectional Charts IFR charts are available for this airspace AAAA Education Foundation 27 Class B Airspace at Biggest or Busiest airports Upside down wedding cake Inner circle from ground to 10,000 ft MSL 2nd circle from ~2,900 ft AGL to 10,000 ft MSL 3rd circle from ~5,500 ft AGL to 10,000 ft MSL Actual heights depend on elevation of airport Solid blue lines on Sectionals 30 nm veil around all Class B airspace AAAA Education Foundation 28 Class B Airspace Must have permission from ATC to enter Need Mode C Transponder within the 30 nm veil Student pilots can NOT fly in Class B airspace without training and sign off AAAA Education Foundation 29 Class B - Biggest & Busiest Surface to 10,000 ft. Bands individually tailored Around the nations busiest Airports (12) AAAA Education Foundation 30 Class B Airspace (Denver) 30 NM veil Blue rings of airspace White box Indicates a 1:250,000 airport chart is available AAAA Education Foundation 31 Class C Airspace At Common or Congested airports Must Communicate Upside down, 2 tier wedding cake Inner circle from surface to 4,000 ft AGL Outer circle from ~ 1,200 ft AGL to 4,000 ft AGL Top is 4,000 ft AGL Communication with ATC required Radio & transponder w/ mode C required* Solid magenta lines on Sectionals AAAA Education Foundation 32 *Although required in Class C, ABQ allows balloons there without them. Class C - Communication within 20 miles of outer area 1200 to 4000 above airport elevation C 10 NM radius Surface to 1200 5 NM radius AAAA Education Foundation 33 Class C Airspace Solid magenta lines on Sectionals Ceiling in MSL above a line, Base under the line i.e. 57 = 5,700 top 29 2,900 base AAAA Education Foundation 34 Class D Airspace At airports with operating control tower (When tower is not operating, the airspace become Class E) D is for Dialogue with the tower Single circle up to ~2,500 ft AGL Radio communications required Dashed blue line on Sectionals AAAA Education Foundation 35 Class D - Dialogue with Tower Surface to 2,500 ft. Operational Control Towers AAAA Education Foundation 36 Class D Airspace Airport with operating control tower Dashed blue line on Sectionals Top of airspace is in a box 68 = 6800 ft MSL AAAA Education Foundation 37 Class E Airspace Outside of other airspace or Everywhere Else Goes up to 17,999 ft MSL Floor of airspace is: the surface inside dashed magenta lines at airports 700 ft AGL inside magenta shaded circles 1,200 ft AGL outside magenta shaded circles 14,500 ft MSL outside of blue shaded lines At assigned altitudes inside “zippered” areas AAAA Education Foundation 38 Class E Airspace No special equipment required No communications required VFR flights have visibility and clearance from clouds requirements AAAA Education Foundation 39 Class E - Everywhere Else B C D AAAA Education Foundation 40 Class E Airspace Floor is at the surface inside dashed magenta lines at airports Floor is 700 ft AGL inside magenta shaded circles Floor is 1,200 ft AGL outside magenta shaded circles AAAA Education Foundation 41 Class E Airspace – cont. Floor starts at elevation specified inside “zippered” blue lines Floor starts at 14,500 ft MSL outside of blue shaded area AAAA Education Foundation 42 Class G Airspace (uncontrolled) Hugs the Ground under other airspace, is Government free Surface to 700 ft AGL inside magenta shaded circles 1,200 ft AGL outside magenta shaded circles and inside blue shaded areas 14,500 ft MSL outside blue shaded areas Up to specified altitude inside “zipper” areas AAAA Education Foundation 43 Class G Airspace (uncontrolled) As uncontrolled airspace, no equipment or communication is required. VFR flights have visibility and clearance from clouds requirements AAAA Education Foundation 44 Class G - Government Free, or by the Ground Airports AAAA Education Foundation 45 Class G Airspace Up to 700 ft AGL inside magenta shaded circles Up to 1,200 ft AGL outside magenta shaded circles AAAA Education Foundation 46 Class G Airspace – cont. Surface up to specified altitude inside “zippered” blue lines, i.e. 11,500 MSL Surface up to 14,500 ft MSL outside of blue shaded area AAAA Education Foundation 47 VFR Weather Minimums - Review Visibility Cloud Clearance Class B 3 SM Clear of Clouds Class C 3 SM 1000 ft above / 500 ft below / 2000 ft horizontal Class D 3 SM 1000 ft above / 500 ft below / 2000 ft horizontal Class E <10,000 MSL 3 SM 1000 ft above / 500 ft below / 2000 ft horizontal >10,000 MSL 5 SM 1000 ft above / 1000 ft below / 1SM horizontal Class G Daytime, <1,200 AGL 1 SM Clear of Clouds AAAA Education Foundation 48 Special Use Airspace Prohibited Area No flights permitted Restricted Areas Unusual hazards such as artillery, aerial gunnery, missile firings Permission from controlling agency required to enter AAAA Education Foundation 49 Special Use Airspace – cont. Military Operations Area (MOA) Military training activities Heads up No restrictions, just best to avoid if they are active AAAA Education Foundation 50 Information on Sectionals for: Control Tower Frequencies Restricted Areas MOA - Military Operational Areas AAAA Education Foundation 51 Special Use Airspace – cont. Warning Area International airspace beyond 3 sm of coast Same hazards as restricted areas No flight restrictions Alert Area High volume of pilot training Unusual aerial activity No flight restrictions AAAA Education Foundation 52 Special Use Airspace – cont. Military Training Routes Low level IR = IFR routes VR = VFR routes 3 numbers = some > 1,500 ft AGL 4 numbers = all <1,500 ft AGL Low Altitude Airways In Class E airspace 4 NM each side of centerline AAAA Education Foundation 53 Special Use Airspace – cont. TFRs (Temporary Flight Restrictions) Areas of no fly zones Issued by FAA For areas when President or other high ranking government and foreign officials are present Over large sport events Fiesta gets one for non balloon aircraft Always ask weather briefer for TFRs AAAA Education Foundation 54 Special Use Airspace – cont. National Parks /Wildlife Refuge /other national areas Min. 2,000 ft AGL, recommended AAAA Education Foundation 55 Airspace Exercise Answers are: 1. a 8. a 15. c 2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter 10 – Aviation Maps: the Art of the Chart
    10-1 Chapter 10 – Aviation Maps: The Art of the Chart The Lambert Conformational Projection 1. [10-2/Figure 1] When drawing lines on a Lambert Conformal Conic Projection, a straight line represents a A rhumb line. B. great circle route. 4. [10-2/Figure 2] C. great rhumb line. Based on the sectional chart excerpt above, what are the standard parallels on which this lambert conformal 2. [10-2/Figure 1] conic projection is based? On a Lambert Conformal Conic Projection, the two A. 25 degrees 20 minutes north latitude, 30 degrees standard parallels represent the positions where 40 minutes north latitude. A. no distortion exists. B. 25 degrees 20 minutes west longitude, 30 degrees B. maximum distortion exists. 40 minutes west longitude. C. good things happen. C. 1 degree north latitude & 500,000 degrees north latitude. The Aeronautical Sectional Chart 5. [10-2/1/1 ] Sectional charts are valid for flight planning for A. 12 months. B. 6 months. C. a lot of things. 6. [10-2/3/2] Changes on the sectional chart occurring prior to the next publication cycle can be found in the 3. [10-2/Figure 2] Fill in the blank: A. FARs. Based on the figure above, the two lines identified by B. pilots operating handbook. “A” in the Lambert Conformal Conic Projection are C. Airport/Facility Directory. known as _______________ parallels. 10-2 Rod Machado’s Sport Pilot Workbook Topographical Information on a Sectional Chart 12. [10-5/2/3] Contour lines on a topographical chart join areas of A. equal pressure.
    [Show full text]
  • Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, FAA-H-8083-25A
    Chapter 15 Navigation Introduction This chapter provides an introduction to cross-country flying under visual flight rules (VFR). It contains practical information for planning and executing cross-country flights for the beginning pilot. Air navigation is the process of piloting an aircraft from one geographic position to another while monitoring one’s position as the flight progresses. It introduces the need for planning, which includes plotting the course on an aeronautical chart, selecting checkpoints, measuring distances, obtaining pertinent weather information, and computing flight time, headings, and fuel requirements. The methods used in this chapter include pilotage—navigating by reference to visible landmarks, dead reckoning—computations of direction and distance from a known position, and radio navigation—by use of radio aids. 15-1 Aeronautical Charts The charts provide an abundance of information, including airport data, navigational aids, airspace, and topography. An aeronautical chart is the road map for a pilot flying under Figure 15-1 is an excerpt from the legend of a sectional VFR. The chart provides information which allows pilots chart. By referring to the chart legend, a pilot can interpret to track their position and provides available information most of the information on the chart. A pilot should also which enhances safety. The three aeronautical charts used check the chart for other legend information, which includes by VFR pilots are: air traffic control (ATC) frequencies and information on • Sectional airspace. These charts are revised semiannually except for • VFR Terminal Area some areas outside the conterminous United States where they are revised annually. • World Aeronautical VFR Terminal Area Charts A free catalog listing aeronautical charts and related VFR terminal area charts are helpful when flying in or near publications including prices and instructions for ordering Class B airspace.
    [Show full text]
  • Airspace Explained
    AIRSPACE EXPLAINED Airspace is an area of aeronautical knowledge that is commonly poorly demonstrated on airman practical tests. Even when airman applicants demonstrate knowledge of the airspace system that meets the minimum standard necessary for issuance on an airman certificate or rating, it is usually clear that this knowledge level has been achieved as a result of rote learning (learning that is the result of simple memorization without understanding the underlying concepts). Consequently, it is not surprising that the pilot population is generally poorly informed on this subject. That observation is supported by the fact that airspace violations remain a major cause of certificate actions taken against offending members of the general aviation community. This article is designed to present the airspace system and its rules in terms of the logic that necessitates the existing rules. The resulting deeper understanding should allow aviators to exercise airspace knowledge at a more competent level, both during practical tests and throughout their flying careers. The airspace system in the United States is categorized by letter classifications from A through G, with the omission of F (which does not exist in the U.S.). These classes of airspace are logically arranged with regard to the conditions each airman must meet to legally operate an aircraft in each airspace class. These requirements increase gradationally, with Class G Airspace being the least restrictive, to Class A Airspace, the most restrictive airspace. Separation of Traffic Separation of air traffic, and the methods of separation, is the key to the organization of the airspace system. Consequently, understanding these separation concepts is crucial to complete understanding of this subject.
    [Show full text]
  • FAA-H-8083-25, Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge --4 of 4
    Ch 14.qxd 10/24/03 8:42 AM Page 14-1 This chapter provides an introduction to cross- ordering is available at the National Aeronautical country flying under visual flight rules (VFR). It Charting Office (NACO) Web site: www.naco.faa.gov. contains practical information for planning and executing cross-country flights for the beginning SECTIONAL CHARTS pilot. Sectional charts are the most common charts used by pilots today. The charts have a scale of 1:500,000 Air navigation is the process of piloting an airplane (1 inch = 6.86 nautical miles or approximately 8 from one geographic position to another while monitor- statute miles) which allows for more detailed infor- ing one’s position as the flight progresses. It introduces mation to be included on the chart. the need for planning, which includes plotting the The charts provide an abundance of information, course on an aeronautical chart, selecting checkpoints, including airport data, navigational aids, airspace, measuring distances, obtaining pertinent weather infor- and topography. Figure 14-1 on the next page is an mation, and computing flight time, headings, and fuel excerpt from the legend of a sectional chart. By requirements. The methods used in this chapter include referring to the chart legend, a pilot can interpret pilotage—navigating by reference to visible landmarks, most of the information on the chart. A pilot should dead reckoning—computations of direction and dis- also check the chart for other legend information, tance from a known position, and radio navigation—by which includes air traffic control frequencies and use of radio aids.
    [Show full text]
  • Jeppesen Echarts for Windows User Manual
    Jeppesen eCharts for Windows User Guide Version 5.3 for Windows Jeppesen eCharts for Windows User Guide Jeppesen 55 Inverness Drive East Englewood, Colorado 80112-5498 This document supports eCharts for Windows 5.3 Jeppesen, All Rights Reserved March 2016 Document ID: DATD_Jepp_eC4W_UserGuide Revision 1.0 Table of Contents Table of Contents Chapter 1 Getting Started Contacting Jeppesen .............................................................................................................. 1 Starting the Application ........................................................................................................... 1 Custom PDF Chart File Information ........................................................................................ 6 Chapter 2 Understanding the Basics Setting Measurement Units .................................................................................................. 11 Application Interface Window ............................................................................................... 11 Menus ................................................................................................................................... 12 Toolbars and Buttons ........................................................................................................... 19 Enroute Chart ....................................................................................................................... 28 Thumbnail ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • GSW-19A Sectional Charts
    GSW-19A Sectional Charts REFERENCE SOURCE • San Francisco VFR Sectional Chart Study Questions 1. The scale of a Sectional Chart (1:500,000) is greater than that of a Terminal Area Chart (1:250,000). This means that a) Objects will appear twice as large on a Sectional Chart. b) Sectional Charts cover altitudes that are twice as high. c) Sectional Charts cover a larger area, but with less detail. 2. On the front of the Sectional Chart, the continental United States is divided up into rectangular sections of coverage. How can you tell which section your chart covers? a) The section is shaded with black striping. b) You must compare longitude and latitude. c) Call (800) VCHARTS. 3. On the map of the continental United States, what do the small magenta shaded boxes indicate? a) Flight Service Station field offices. b) Areas covered by a Terminal Area Chart. c) Areas not covered by the Sectional Chart. 4. The San Francisco Section chart has a white box that outlines the busiest portion of the chart, and indicates a) Class E airspace at or below 700 feet AGL. GSW-19A b) that a Terminal Area Chart is available that covers the area in the white box in greater detail. c) Temporary Flight Restrictions. 5. For each of the following, describe the correct symbol on a Sectional Chart. Unpaved private airport (not for public use) ___________________________________________ Abandoned or closed airport _______________________________________________________ Airport with fuel services __________________________________________________________ Heliport ________________________________________________________________________ Airport with soft-surface runway ____________________________________________________ 6. What does a small white dot within the airport symbol indicate? a) The location of the airport’s rotating beacon.
    [Show full text]
  • Aeronautical Chart Users' Guide VFR Charting Products
    Federal Aviation Administration Aeronautical Information Services Products Aeronautical Chart Users’ Guide VFR Charting Products (Includes Sectional, Terminal Area, Caribbean, Flyway, and Helicopter Charts) Eff ective as of 16 July 2020 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 5 KEEP YOUR CHARTS CURRENT .............................................................................................5 EFFECTIVE DATE OF CHART USERS’ GUIDE AND UPDATES ...............................................5 COLOR VARIATION ....................................................................................................................5 REPORTING CHART DISCREPANCIES ....................................................................................5 WHAT’S NEW? .....................................................................................................7 VFR CHARTS ..............................................................................................................................7 IFR ENROUTE CHARTS ............................................................................................................7 TERMINAL PROCEDURE PUBLICATION (TPP) .......................................................................7 EXPLANATION OF VFR TERMS AND SYMBOLS ..............................................9 WATER FEATURES (HYDROGRAPHY) ....................................................................................9 LAND FEATURES (TERRAIN) AND OBSTRUCTIONS
    [Show full text]
  • July, August, September 2019
    July, August, September 2019 632 Landers Lane, Landers 92285 • PO Box 2046, Yucca Valley 92286 760-364-2000 • www.MBHS.net • [email protected] Aviation in the Morongo Basin Landers, Yucca Valley and Joshua Tree Landers Airport The first settlers in the Morongo Basin in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s came on horseback, by horse-drawn wagons, and on foot. But the Basin remained lightly settled until after World War II. Then a second wave of homesteaders, spurred on by the Small Tract Act (five-acre homesteads) passed in 1938, came by car and airplane. They were not necessarily interested in living here full time. Instead, many only wanted “recreational prop- erty” a place to get away from the city for the weekend and for vacation. As roads were still undeveloped in many areas, air travel and air transportation became critical. Airports, mostly dirt landing strips, sprang up in the Morongo Basin and outlying areas. The region even had both a “flying doctor” and a “flying constable.” Nowhere was aviation more important than in the settlement of the Landers area. The story is fairly well known. Newlin Landers and seven other flying acquaintances from the Los Angeles area banded together to acquire eight adjacent five-acre recreational properties. In 1950, they went to the Bureau of Land Management in Los Angeles as a group and at the same hour on the same day filed on their claims. They arranged their adjoining tracts so they could carve out a half-mile (2,640 feet) long airstrip right in the center of their properties, dividing them in half, four on each side of the airstrip.
    [Show full text]