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Long-Term Land Cover Changes in the Western Part of the Korean Demilitarized Zone
land Article Long-Term Land Cover Changes in the Western Part of the Korean Demilitarized Zone Jae Hyun Kim 1,2,3 , Shinyeong Park 2, Seung Ho Kim 2 and Eun Ju Lee 3,* 1 Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; [email protected] 2 DMZ Ecology Research Institute, Paju 10881, Korea; [email protected] (S.P.); [email protected] (S.H.K.) 3 School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: After the Korean War, human access to the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) was highly restricted. However, limited agricultural activity was allowed in the Civilian Control Zone (CCZ) surrounding the DMZ. In this study, land cover and vegetation changes in the western DMZ and CCZ from 1919 to 2017 were investigated. Coniferous forests were nearly completely destroyed during the war and were then converted to deciduous forests by ecological succession. Plains in the DMZ and CCZ areas showed different patterns of land cover changes. In the DMZ, pre-war rice paddies were gradually transformed into grasslands. These grasslands have not returned to forest, and this may be explained by wildfires set for military purposes or hydrological fluctuations in floodplains. Grasslands near the floodplains in the DMZ are highly valued for conservation as a rare land type. Most grasslands in the CCZ were converted back to rice paddies, consistent with their previous use. After the 1990s, ginseng cultivation in the CCZ increased. In addition, the landscape changes in the Korean DMZ and CCZ were affected by political circumstances between South and North Citation: Kim, J.H.; Park, S.; Kim, Korea. -
Na Leo O Na Koa (Voices of Warriors) Newsletter of the Hawaii Aloha Chapter, Affiliate of the Military Officers Association of America COL Marvin J
Na Leo O Na Koa (Voices of Warriors) Newsletter of the Hawaii Aloha Chapter, Affiliate of the Military Officers Association of America COL Marvin J. Harris 4-Star Communications Award for Printed Newsletters — 2015 Chartered July 23, 1959 Volume No. 3, Issue No. 1 http://www.moaa-hawaii.org January 2017 Chapter Christmas Party Hawaii Veterans Goodwill Fifty Hawaii Aloha Chapter, MOAA, Delegation 7 Trip to China members and guests assembled late Sat- urday afternoon, 3 December, at the Sun- History set Lanai, Camp H. M. Smith for their In 2007 COL Wesley Fong, USA, Ret., was annual Christmas dinner and party. This asked by the China Association for Interna- Marine club was beautifully decorated for tional Friendly Contact (CAIFC), a Chinese Wesley Fong Christmas and the scenery overlooking NGO (non government organization), as a Pearl Harbor at sunset was spectacular. past president and retired U. S. Army Colonel, to invite retired general and flag officers to China to promote friendship and The tables were also beautifully deco- understanding between China and the U.S. and its militaries rated by Shirley Fujiwara, Mimi Torre- with all expenses paid in China. The Chinese Chamber of ano, Marion Von and Helene Webster. Commerce of Hawaii has helped to coordinate this CAIFC- Two large boxes decorated by Jane hosted program since its inception in 2007. It has been so Kekoa were filled with unwrapped toys successful that we have now have had seven delegations. for the Marines’ Toys For Tots program. After this seventh trip last November, Wes has taken 23 retired generals and admirals from all branches of the military service, Virtually including the Coast Guard, to China at the invitation of the e v e r y o n e CAIFC. -
Special Report No
SPECIAL REPORT NO. 490 | FEBRUARY 2021 UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE w w w .usip.org North Korea in Africa: Historical Solidarity, China’s Role, and Sanctions Evasion By Benjamin R. Young Contents Introduction ...................................3 Historical Solidarity ......................4 The Role of China in North Korea’s Africa Policy .........7 Mutually Beneficial Relations and Shared Anti-Imperialism..... 10 Policy Recommendations .......... 13 The Unknown Soldier statue, constructed by North Korea, at the Heroes’ Acre memorial near Windhoek, Namibia. (Photo by Oliver Gerhard/Shutterstock) Summary • North Korea’s Africa policy is based African arms trade, construction of owing to African governments’ lax on historical linkages and mutually munitions factories, and illicit traf- sanctions enforcement and the beneficial relationships with African ficking of rhino horns and ivory. Kim family regime’s need for hard countries. Historical solidarity re- • China has been complicit in North currency. volving around anticolonialism and Korea’s illicit activities in Africa, es- • To curtail North Korea’s illicit activ- national self-reliance is an under- pecially in the construction and de- ity in Africa, Western governments emphasized facet of North Korea– velopment of Uganda’s largest arms should take into account the histor- Africa partnerships. manufacturer and in allowing the il- ical solidarity between North Korea • As a result, many African countries legal trade of ivory and rhino horns and Africa, work closely with the Af- continue to have close ties with to pass through Chinese networks. rican Union, seek cooperation with Pyongyang despite United Nations • For its part, North Korea looks to China, and undercut North Korean sanctions on North Korea. -
Sep/Oct 2012
The Graybeards is the official publication of the Korean War Veterans Association (KWVA). It is published six times a year for members and private distribution. It is not sold by sub- scription. MAILING ADDRESS FOR CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Administrative Assistant, P.O. Box 407, Charleston, IL 61920- 0407. MAILING ADDRESS TO SUBMIT MATERIAL/ CONTACT EDITOR: Graybeards Editor, 152 Sky View Drive, Rocky Hill, CT 06067. MAILING ADDRESS OF THE KWVA: P.O. Box 407, Charleston, IL 61920-0407. WEBSITE: http://www.kwva.org In loving memory of General Raymond Davis, our Life Honorary President, Deceased. We Honor Founder William T. Norris Editor Asst. Secretary Salvatore Scarlato National Chaplain Arthur G. Sharp John V. Barwinczok 19 Torlen Ct. Leo G. Ruffing 152 Sky View Drive 25 Leavenworth Ave Hauppauge, NY 11788 3500 Doerr Rd., Portsmouth, VA 23703-3183 Rocky Hill, CT 06067 Auburn, NY 13021-4552 Ph: 631-724-5459 [email protected] Ph: 757-484-8299, [email protected] Ph: 860-202-3088 Ph: 315-253-6022 [email protected] [email protected]. Ezra F. "Frank" Williams KWVA Liaison to Washington, DC 2 Cedar Ln., O'Fallon, MO 63366-3404 Warren Wiedhahn Advertising Manager Treasurer Ph: 636-240-6806 [email protected] 13198 Centerpointe Way, Suite 202 Frank Bertulis Garry J. Rockburn Woodbridge, VA 22193-5285 99 Deerfield Ln 518 East Ave. Appointed/Assigned Staff Ph: 703-590-1295, [email protected] Matawan, NJ 07747-1332 Kirkville, NY 13082 Ph: 732-566-2737 Ph: 315-656-8528 Judge Advocate KWVA Committees [email protected] GarryJRockburn @gmail.com William B. Burns 105 Emann Dr, Camilus Budget/Finance Committee Publisher Asst. -
Korea-Taiwan 2019
MEMORANDUM TO: National Officers, National Council of Administration, Department Commanders, Department Senior Vice Commanders, Department Junior Vice Commanders, Department Adjutants, and Past Commanders-in-Chief FROM: B.J. Lawrence, Commander-in-Chief DATE: July 9, 2019 RE: 2019 Trip Report to Guam, Philippines, Taiwan and Korea Overview I departed for the Indo-Pacific on April 12, 2019, to visit U.S. service members, veterans and VFW comrades stationed or residing in Guam, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, as well as our colleagues in the Republic of China on Taiwan. I was accompanied by VFW Director of National Security and Foreign Affairs John Towles. We returned to CONUS April 28, 2019. As a former soldier who spent the majority of my service on the Korean peninsula, I have remained acutely aware of the current geopolitical situation in the region and the impact it has had on everything from the basing of U.S. troops to the continued search for more than 7,700 Americans who remain missing and unaccounted-for from the Korean War and the Cold War. Some 5,300 of our missing are believed to be inside the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. As a result, I felt it was imperative to personally visit some of the primary military installations in the country, to include Camp Humphries, the Joint Security Area, the United Nations Command Korea Headquarters, and to speak directly to service members who are protecting the sovereignty of our allies and U.S. interests. Doing so also allowed me to gain an appreciation for what areas that we as an organization need to focus on in terms of defense spending, quality of life, and readiness issues. -
Security Council Distr
UNITED NATIONS S Security Council Distr. GENERAL S/25031 15 June 1993 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH LETTER DATED 15 JUNE 1993 FROM THE PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TO THE UNITED NATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL On behalf of the Unified Command established pursuant to Security Council resolution 84 (1950) of 7 July 1950, I have the honour to submit a report of the United Nations Command (UNC) concerning the maintenance of the Armistice Agreement of 1953. The enclosed report describes UNC missions, outlines the Korean Armistice mechanism, and updates the last report submitted to the United Nations Security Council on 15 June 1992. I request that this letter, together with the enclosed report of the United Nations Command, be circulated as a document of the Security Council. (Signed) Madeleine K. ALBRIGHT Permanent Representative 93-46812 (E) 300893 /... S/25031 English Page 2 Annex REPORT OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED NATIONS COMMAND, 1992 I. UNITED NATIONS COMMAND AND ITS MISSION 1. United Nations Security Council resolution 84 (1950) of 7 July 1950 determined that the armed attack upon the Republic of Korea (ROK) by forces from North Korea constituted a breach of the peace; recommended that Members of the United Nations furnish such assistance to the ROK as may be necessary to repel the armed attack and to restore international peace and security in the region; and called for United Nations Member States to make military forces and other assistance available to a unified command under the United States for operations against North Korean armed aggression. -
Everyday Life
Everyday Life The North Korean people live under a strict communist regime. They have no say in how their country is managed. The central government controls nearly every aspect of life in the country. Most jobs don’t have salaries. Food and clothing are mostly provided by the government. People who do have a job with a paycheck earn around $1,500 per year. The majority of North Korean people are very poor. They don’t have things like washing machines, fridges, or even bicycles. Practicing a religion is not allowed as the state sees it as a threat. Instead, children are raised to worship Kim Il Sung, “the President for life”. There are over 34,000 statues of Kim Il Sung in North Korea, and all wedding ceremonies must take place in front of one. Portraits of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il can be found pretty much everywhere. All citizens must hang these portraits, which are provided by the government. Once a month, the police come over and check whether the portraits are still hanging and properly taken care of. Electricity is very unreliable in the country; most homes only have electricity a few hours per day. When buildings on one side of the street are blacked out, the other side gets electricity. When this situation occurs, there is a mad rush of children who run to their friends’ apartments on the other side. Internet is only available to the elite in North Korea. Even cellphones are extremely rare. Only people who are trusted by the government can buy a cell phone, but they must pay a registration fee of $825. -
Tunnel Vision. a TRIP to the KOREAN DEMILITARIZED ZONE
Tunnel vision. A TRIP TO THE KOREAN DEMILITARIZED ZONE 10/2015 www.csm.org.pl There are many ways to develop an eye disease called tunnel vision. It can be obtained through a glaucoma, blood loss, sleep deprivation, in times of extreme Rafał Tomański distress and fear or even during the worst parts of Journalist, expert in field of Far migraine attack. When combined with conducting a East affairs and CIR's co-worker. His first published book about vehicle or operating heavy machinery, the Japan ("Tatami versus chairs") earned status of bestseller. The consequences can be fatal. Let's then try to imagine a second, "Made in Japan", was place where the loss of peripheral vision with retention awarded Internet bloggers' reward. On a daily basis he of its central part, resulting in a constricted circular writes for "Rzeczpospolita" and publishes comments on current tunnel-like field of vision (as properly described by an affairs in Asia. ophthalmologist) is the only way to observe the reality. TUNNEL VISION. A TRIP TO THE KOREAN DEMILITARIZED ZONE | Rafał Tomański 2 It is called DMZ. Again it sounds medically, important voting over Resolution 83 re- but this time it's a military acronym which commending member states provide mili- stands for Demilitarized Zone. About 250 tary assistance to the Republic of Korea. km long and 4 km wide DMZ is a de facto Instead of placing its veto the Soviets pre- border between two Koreas. Cuts the Ko- ferred to boycott the UNSC meetings pro- rean Peninsula circling around the main line testing that the Republic of China (Taiwan), of 38th parallel. -
January 25, 1978 Letter, James F
Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified January 25, 1978 Letter, James F. Leonard to Leslie O. Harriman containing "Report on the Activities of the United Nations Command (UNC) (December 21, 1976 - December 16, 1977)" Citation: “Letter, James F. Leonard to Leslie O. Harriman containing "Report on the Activities of the United Nations Command (UNC) (December 21, 1976 - December 16, 1977)",” January 25, 1978, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, "International Incidents and Disputes - KOREA - PO 240 KOREA Part 5 1973-1978," S-0442 (RAG-3/7 PO) - Political and Security matters 1955-1983, S-0442- 0356-05, United Nations Archives and Records Management Section (UN ARMS), New York, NY. Obtained for NKIDP by Charles Kraus. http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/117529 Summary: James F. Leonard sends a report of the United Nations Commance concerning the maintenance of the Armistice Agreement. Credits: This document was made possible with support from the Leon Levy Foundation and Kyungnam University. Original Language: English Contents: Scan of Original Document - THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERI CA TO THE UNITED NATIONS January 25, 1978 His Excellency rl Mr. Leslie 0. Harriman President of the Security council fo 2t.f rJ ~<J- (5-~.-?J The United Nations Dear Mr. President: On behalf of the Unified Command established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 84 of July 7, 1950, I have the honor to submit a report of the United Nations Command concerning the maintenance of the Armistice Agreement of 1953 during the period December 21, 1976 through December 16, 1977 . I request that this letter, together with the enclosed report of the United Nations Command, be circulated as an official document of the Security Council. -
Salt I Treaty Signed
Salt I Treaty Signed Is Garfinkel always diorthotic and syncytial when depopulated some mementos very forlornly and astringently? Sincere Ignazio chromes queryingly, he pinks his fibroid very doucely. Keeled Ferd doodle mannishly, he simplify his thrusts very nearest. However, and Chedli Klibi, the United States continued to press for a Soviet commitment to discuss strategic arms limitation. Should that occur, if heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments. It would also accompanied by soviet premier leonid brezhnev shake hands with attribution to learn about mirvs. This scissors is knowledge of a JSTOR Collection. Soviet SALT negotiations held over the past two and a half years. Open at Cherry Hills Country Club in Denver, the Korean War and the Berlin blockade. Premium Access agreement is expiring soon. The first arms control after two and general secretary leonid brezhnev shake hands with attribution to really withstand scrutiny. SALT II was greeted by a storm of criticism which ultimately reflected less interest own inadequacies than a radical change trump had occurred in the political climate in forty seven years it cap to with it. The negotiations spanned the Nixon, new methods and new formats. Private browsing is unique in salt treaty by us give you will explore research monographs, while we do for withdrawal comes into force. This Protocol shall be considered an integral part of the Interim Agreement. But they could not reach agreement on trade and the repayment of wartime loans the Soviet Union had received from the United States. The withdrawal comes amid a series of disputes with Russia over Ukraine, political, and dates. -
Naród Polski Bi-Lingual Publication of the Polish Roman Catholic Union of America a Fraternal Benefit Society Safeguarding Your Future with Life Insurance & Annuities
Naród Polski Bi-lingual Publication of the Polish Roman Catholic Union of America A Fraternal Benefit Society Safeguarding Your Future with Life Insurance & Annuities January 2018 - Styczeń 2018 No. 1 - Vol. CXXXIII www.PRCUA.org Zapraszamy Polish Roman Catholic Union of America do czytania Proudly Serving Polish-Americans for 145 Years stron 16-20 w j`z. polskim. The Polish artifacts from Roman Catholic Poland and Polonia, Union of America known today as The (PRCUA), Polish Museum of State of Illinois headquartered in America. The Celebrates Chicago, IL, is Museum, housed in Bicentennial known as the the PRCUA head- mother of Polish quarters, not only American fraternals. preserves the Polish On October 3, 1873, past in America, but Rev. Theodor also promotes Polish Gieryk, Rev. Vincent culture through Barzynski, C.R., Jan traveling exhibits, Barzynski, Peter concerts, folk art Kiolbasa, John workshops and Glosowski, Rev. other events. Leopold The PRCUA Moczygemba and has a long legacy of Rev. Joseph supporting Dabrowski, among others, met at St. Albertus Parish in charitable endeavors. During World War II, members sent Detroit, Michigan. This meeting brought about the food, medical supplies and ambulances to Polish refugees. 100th establishment of the PRCUA, a fraternal organization for During martial law in the 1980s, the PRCUA raised funds to Polish Americans of the Roman Catholic faith, whose motto purchase five ambulances that were sent to Poland. The Anniversary was established as “For God and Country.” organization continues to support charitable causes, such as In its early years, the PRCUA pioneered social programs its annual donations to Polish seminarians at the Orchard to assist its members financially by collecting donations for Lake Schools in Michigan and The Polish Museum of widows, orphans and the needy. -
Trauma Nationalism and Pop Culture: a Fantasy Analysis on Early Post-Cold War Korea Films
International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, Vol. 7, No. 8, August 2017 Trauma Nationalism and Pop Culture: A Fantasy Analysis on Early Post-cold War Korea Films Yang Liu paradoxically, nationalism) enabled by the commercialization Abstract—This paper mainly analyzes Korea films in the of the Internet and the growth of the mobile phone system. early post-Cold war period (1991-2005), and selects 4 popular The Korean Pop culture- ‘Korea Wave’ has also generate Korea movies as case studies, which are Shiri (1999), Joint influential effects in Asian areas, e.g., China, Taiwan, Hong Security Area (2000), Taegukgi (2004), Welcome to Dongmakgol (2005). Then it uses Bormann’s fantasy analysis Kong, etc. This paper mainly analyses Korea films from the method to explore how these films handle symbols and assign early years of the post-Cold War, from 1991 to 2005. In this meanings to stories and express Korea people’s nationalism way, this paper attempts to find out how South Korean movies narratives. Fantasy analysis has theory roots from both illustrate their nationalism discourse within these new communication and rhetorical criticism, and it involves three backgrounds. steps, which are fantasy theme, fantasy type and rhetorical vision analysis. Among which, fantasy theme is the basic unit of analysis. This study totally finds 10 fantasy themes and 3 fantasy types, and finally composes the rhetorical vision (Trauma II. NATIONALISM IN KOREA MOVIES nationalism) in Koreans movies. For conclusion, this paper Nationalism refers to an ideology, a sentiment, a form of argues that in the early post-Cold War period, Korea films avoid culture, or a social movement.