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*7* * 9- i— * M U R R A Y’S s HOME HANDBOOKS, d t r / HANDBOOK—TRAVEL TALK, in F rench, German, < Italian, and English, for Foreigners travelling in England. 16mo. 3s. Cd. 1 / HANDBOOK—MODERN LONDON. A Guide to all /- ___ _ the Sights and Objects of Interest in the Metropolis. Map and Plans. 16mo. 3s. 6d. > s r HANDBOOK—ENVIRONS OF LONDON. Extending kBilaM wl tha -afanfc, £egfc£iM z» )T i I; ROBERT ¥. PORBES. ■»*-*•* Posrsm—nruu.----------— — HANDBOOK—WILTS, DORSET, AND SOMERSET —Salisbury, Chippenham, Weymouth, Sherboume, Wells, Bath, Bristol, Taunton, &c. Map. Post Svo. HANDBOOK—DEVON AND CORNWALL—Exeter, Ilfracombe, Linton, Sidmouth, Dawlish, Tcignmoutli, Plymouth, Devonport, Torquay, Launceston, Truro, Penzance, Falmouth, &c. Map. Post Svo. 10$. HANDBOOK— GLOUCESTER, HEREFORD, AND WORCESTER—Cirencester, Cheltenham, Stroud, Tewksbury, Leo­ minster, Ross, Malvern, Kidderminster, Dudley, Bromsgrove, Evesham. Map. Post Svo. 6s. 6d. HANDBOOK— NORTH AND SOUTH WALES — Bangor, Carnarvon, Beaumaris, Snowdon, Conway, Menai Straits, Carmarthen, Pembroke, Tenby, Swansea, the Wye, See. Map. 2 vols. Post 8vo. 12$. HANDBOOK—STAFFORD, DERBY, NOTTINGHAM, AND LEICESTERSHIRE—Chesterfield, Matlock, Bakowell, Chats- worth, The Teak, Buxton, Hardwick, Dove Dale, Asliborne, South- well, Mansfield, Retford, Burton, Belvoir, Melton Mowbray, Wolverhampton, Lichfield, Wals^ ~ February, 1SG8. UNIVERSITY OF THE ART OF TRAVEL; OR, SHIFTS AND CONTRIVANCES AVAILABLE IN WILD COUNTRIES. B y FRANCIS GALTON, F.R.S., &c., AUTHOR OP TRAVELS IN TROPICAL SOUTlT AFRICA ; ALSO FORMERLY, GOLD MEDALLIST AND FOR SOME YEARS, HONORARY SECRETARY OF THE ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. Jtrarilj (Kbifam, ntfaxlg anb nuix:|r <8htlarg*b. WITH MANY ADDITIONAL WOODCUTS. LONDON. JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 1867. The right of Translation is rescried. h i A m S H I F T S a n d B* FKA] ADT»0H0»I1UT15^ fob SOlTfi ** T ** FHAB8, HO WIT] TINTED BY w . CLOWES ANT) SONS. BTAMtOfliJ SlitKtT, AND CHARING CROSS. j OB n ItTj] THE OF TRAVEL; OB, CONTRIVANCES AVAILABLE IN WILD COUNTRIES. CIS ^ALTON, F.R.S., &c., >PICAL SOUTH AFRICA ; ALSO FORMERLY, GOLD MEDALLIST AND, >RABY SECRETARY OF THE ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. a, mtinlg fU-ml msrlj fijtlargtb. MANY ADDITIONAL WOODCUTS. LONDON: ;RAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 1 8 6 7 . right o f Translation is reserved. Ufcniy G | SO .G(J 7 ) LONDON ! PRINTED BY W. CLOWES AND SONS. STAMFORD STKKIT, ^ ’ AND CHARINC. CROSS. THE ART OP TRAVEL; OB, SHIFTS AND CONTRIVANCES AVAILABLE IN WILD COUNTRIES. B y FRANCIS £ ALTON, F.R.S., &c., AUTHOR OV TRAVEL8 IN TROPICAL SOUTH AFRICA ; ALSO FORMERLY, GOLD MEDALLIST AND, FOB SOME YEARS, HONORARY SECRETARY OF THE ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. Jfmtrtjy ©iritimr, mtkelg $je-rasl anir mtttjj (Knlargeir. WITH MANY ADDITIONAL WOODCUTS. LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 18 67 . The right of Translation it reserved* LONDON*. PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, DUKE STREET, STAMFORD 8T R E E AND CHARING’ CROSS. PREFACE. I n publishing a fourth Edition of the ‘ Art of Travel/ it is well that I should preface it with a few words of explanation on the origin and intention of the Book and on the difference between this and former Editions. The idea of the work occurred to me when exploring South-western Africa in 1850-51. I felt acutely at that time the im possibility of obtaining sufficient information on the subjects of which it treats; for though the natives of that country taught me a great deal, it was obvious that their acquaintance with bush lore was exceedingly partial and limited. Then remembering how the' tradi­ tional maxims and methods of travelling in each country differ from those of others, and how every traveller dis­ covers some useful contrivances for himself, it appeared to me, that I should do welcome service to all who have to rough it,— whether explorers, emigrants, mis­ sionaries or soldiers,*— by collecting the scattered expe­ riences of many such persons in various circumstances, collating them, examining into their principles, and deducing from them what might fairly be called an “ Art of Travel.” To this end, on my return home, I IB * “ ... the soldier should be taught all such practical expedients and their philosophy, as are laid down in Mr. Galton’s useful little book. ” — ‘ Minute by the late Sir James Outram on Army Management.’ Parliamentary Return, 330, o f M ay 24, 1860, p. 159. IV Preface. searched through a vast number of geographical works, I sought information from numerous travellers of dis­ tinction, and I made a point of re-testing, in every needful case, what I had read or learned by hearsay. It should be understood that I do not profess to give exhaustive treatises on each of the numerous subjects comprised in thim volume, but only such information as is not generally known among travellers. A striking instance of the lim ited geographical area over which the knowledge of many useful contrivances extends, is that described as a ‘ Dateram J p. 164, by which tent ropes may be secured in sand of the loosest description. Though tents are used over an enormous extent of sandy country, in all of which this simple contrivance would be of the utmost value on every stormy night, and though the art of pitching tents is studied by the troops of all civilised and partly civilised nations, yet I believe that the use o f the ddter&m never extended beyond the limits of a com­ paratively small district in the south of the Sahara, until I had described it in a former edition; and farther, m y knowledge of that contrivance was wholly due to a single traveller, the late Dr. Barth. The first Edition of the ‘ Art of Travel* was pub­ lished in 1854: it was far less comprehensive than the later ones; for my materials steadily accumulate, and each successive Edition has shown a marked improve­ ment on its predecessor. Hitherto I have adhered to the original arrangement of the work, but am now obliged to deviate from it, for the contents have outgrown the system of classification I first addpted. Before I could interpolate the new matter prepared for this Edition, Preface. v worfa, I found it necessary to recast the last one, by cutting of difl- it into pieces, sorting it into fresh paragraphs and every thoroughly revising the writing — disentangling here ay. and consolidating there. The present Edition w ill con­ ogive sequently be found more conveniently arranged than those that preceded it, and, at the same time, I trust the copiousness of its Index w ill enable persons to find with ilong readiness any passage they had remarked in a former h the Edition, and to which they may desire again to refer. tiat I am still most thankful to strangers as well as to may friends for contributions of hints or corrections, having been indebted to many a previously unknown corre­ ttiy, spondent for valuable information. I beg that such communications may be addressed to me, care of my art publisher, Mr. Murray, 50, Albemarle Street, London. e of )in. P.S.—A reviewer of my last Edition accused me of copying largely from an American book, called ‘ The Prairie Traveller,’ by the, then, Capt. Randolph B. Marcy. I therefore think it well ny to remark that the first Edition of that work was published in 8 1859 (Harper and Brothers, New Y ork;— by authority of the American War Department), and that the passages in question fj. are all taken from my second Edition published in 1856; part of them are copies of what I had myself written, the rest are reprints o f m y quotations, as though the Author of the ‘ Prairie Traveller * ^ had himself originally selected them. I take this opportunity of remarking that though I have been 0 indebted for information to a very large number of authors and 1 correspondents, yet I am sorry to be unable to make my acknow- ) ledgments except in comparatively few instances. The fact is that the passages in this book are seldom traceable to distinctly definite sources: commonly more than one person giving me VI Preface. information that partially covers the same subject, and not un- frequently my own subsequent enquiries modifying or enlarging the hints I had received. Consequently I have given the names of authorities only when my information has been wholly due to them, or when their descriptions are so graphic that I have transferred them without alteration into my pages, or else when their statements require confirmation. It will be easy to see by the context to which of these categories each quotation belongs. not ns- 2 CONTENTS. )lly sewiffl r to ^ Preparatory Enquiries, p. 1. Organising an Expedition, 5. Outfit, 9. ^ Hedicine, 14. Surveying Instruments, 94. Memoranda and Log-Books, 28. Measurements, 34. Climbing and Mountaineering, 45. Cattle, 56. Harness, 68. Carriages, 77. Swimming, 84. Bafts and Boats, 90. Fords and Bridges, 109. Clothing, 112. Bedding, 124. Bivouac, 130. Huts, 141. Sleeping-Bags, 150. Tents, 153. Furniture, 168. Fire, 170. Food, 188. Water for Drinking, 209. Guns and Bifles, 234. Gun-fittings and Ammunition, 241. Shooting, hints on, 248. Game, other means of capturing, 260. Fishing, 267. Signals, 271. Bearings by Compass, Sun, &o., 278. Marks by the w ay-side, 284. W ay, to find, 287. C&ches and Depdts, 294. Savages, Management of; 302. Hostilities, 804. Mechanical Appliances, 315. Knots, 319. Writing Materials, 322. Timber, 327. Metals, 332. Leather, 335. Cords, String, and Thread, 888. Membrane, Sinew, and Horn, 340. Pottery, 842. Candles and Lamps, 842. Conclusion of the Journey, 344. AET OF TRAVEL PREPARATORY INQUIRIES. To those who meditate Travel.— Qualifications fo r a Traveller.— If you have health, a great craving for adventure, at least a moderate fortune, and can set your heart on a definite object, which old travellers do not think impracticable, then—travel by all means.
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