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PTERIDOPHYTA of PERU Part VI 22 ILLINOIS LIBRARY ,M URBANA-CHAMPAIGN BIOLOGY Botany NEW SERIES, NO. 34 PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU Part VI 22. Marsileaceae-28. Isoetaceae Rolla M. Tryon Robert G. Stolze With the collaboration of: R. James Hickey Benjamin 011gaard December 30, 1994 Publication 1461 PUBLISHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Information for Contributors to Fieldiana & 4, Wan Won t and "Literatu used after abbreviated mez ublished b; ild follow ind botanical p ;-s Information Service. Names of botanical authors sho s, Kew," 1984 edition 1 pp. nd floristics. Journal of Ecology, 51: 567- iltural patterns in visions, pp. 63-80. In V id Stars. Mouton Publishers, The Hague, Netherlan* ward, J. H., ed.. Handbook of Bulletin 143, Bureau of American Ethn<; Idiana: B< ions: II tatements in figure captions alone, sue: ic arrangement to be obtar 1 within tli ;o the made and u . THIS PUBLICATION IS PRINTED ON ACID-FREE PAPER. FIELD1ANA Botany NEW SERIES, NO. 34 PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU Part VI 22. Marsileaceae-28. Isoetaceae Rolla M. Tryon Robert G. Stolze Department of Biology Associate Curator University of South Florida Department of Botany Tampa, Florida 33620-5150 Field Museum of Natural History Roosevelt Road at Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496 With the collaboration of: R. James Hickey Benjamin 011gaard Miami University, Oxford, Ohio Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark Accepted March 30, 1994 MAD \ Q 1995 Published December 30, 1994 Publication 1461 PUBLISHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 1994 Field Museum of Natural History ISSN 00 15-0746 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Table of Contents List of Illustrations INTRODUCTION 1 1. Marsilea: M. ancylopoda; M. vestita .... 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1 2. Salvinia: S. minima; S. auriculata 7 22. MARSILEACEAE 2 3. Azolla: A. filiculoides\ A. microphylla .... 9 Marsilea 2 4. Psilotum: P. nudum . .13 23. SALVINIACEAE 5 5. Equisetum: E. giganteum; E. bogotense 14 Salvinia 6 6. Huperzia: H. eversa; H. binervia; H. Azolla 8 linifolia var. tenuifolia; H. cuneifolia . 18 24. PSILOTACEAE 11 1. Lycopodium: L. clavatum; L. thyoides 53 Psilotum 11 8. Lycopodiella: L. caroliniana var. meridi- 25. EQUISETACEAE 12 onale; L. cernua 59 Equisetum 12 9. Selaginella: S. peruviana; S. haema- 26. LYCOPODIACEAE 16 todes; S. exaltata 67 Huperzia 19 10. Isoetes: I. andicola; I. lechleri; I. di- Lycopodium 52 spora 90 Lycopodiella 58 27. SELAGINELLACEAE 66 Selaginella 66 28. ISOETACEAE 88 List of Tables Isoetes 89 ADDENDUM 97 1 . Species to Be Added to the Pterido- 1 . Data on the diversity of pteridophyte phyte Flora, Parts I-V 97 species in Peru 100 2. Consideration of Pteridophyte Diversity in Respect to Ecology and Geography ... 98 DEPARTMENTS OF PERU 103 COMPREHENSIVE INDEX TO NAMES . 1 04 List of Maps 1 . The most species-rich departments in Peru 99 2. The main vegetational zones in Peru and their ferns . .101 111 Back cover: Selaginella haematodes PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU Part VI 22. Marsileaceae-28. Isoetaceae Introduction "The ferns and fern allies of Guatemala" and is currently working on a monograph of the family. both have a keen of This sixth and final part of the "Pteridophyta Consequently, understanding of Peru" contains the aquatic fern families Mar- the problems in these pteridophyte families, and sileaceae and Salviniaceae as well as the "fern al- for their outstanding efforts in the production of this Flora the authors wish to their lies" Psilotaceae, Equisetaceae, Lycopodiaceae, express deep Selaginellaceae, and Isoetaceae. A brief section on appreciation. would like to extend thanks to Blanca the diversity and ecology are included, written by We special the senior author. The comprehensive index con- Leon (USM) for her invaluable assistance in pre- loans for their and tains not only the names in this final part but those paring and arranging packing from this Peruvian herbari- of the other five parts as well. The general style, shipment important as well as from the Universidad Nacional de typography, form of citations, and so forth follow um, Rolla M. the fa- the previously published parts. These matters are Trujillo (HUT). Tryon appreciates cilities the of adequately dealt with in Part I (Fieldiana: Botany, provided by Department Biology, of South and the aid n.s., No. 20, 1 989), and it is not necessary to repeat University Florida, Tampa, them here. of Alice F. Tryon in the preparation of the treat- Treatment of the Lycopodiaceae has been con- ment of Selaginella. tributed by Benjamin 011gaard and that of Isoeta- The illustrations were contributed by Field Mu- ceae by R. James Hickey. Both are recognized spe- seum scientific illustrator Zorica Dabich, who cre- cialists in these two families. The other genera are ated the original drawings and adapted the rest Bot- a joint effort of Rolla M. Tryon and Robert G. from those previously used in the Fieldiana: ferns fern allies of Gua- Stolze, each critically reviewing the treatments any publication "The and prepared by the other. temala." Her art work, which now has appeared Type collections from Peru are mentioned in in all six parts of this Flora, is an invaluable com- the nomenclature but are not repeated in the spec- plement to the descriptions. We are extremely also to Bent imen citations. They are, however, included in the grateful to her. Thanks go Johnsen, for his Peru range and ecology. The nomenclature of the free-lance artist of Copenhagen, Denmark, valu- genera and species is not intended to be complete. drawing ofHuperzia. We also appreciate the It includes all names based on Peru material and able comments presented by reviewers of the other names that are considered useful to mention. manuscript. the officers of the Abbreviations of periodicals generally follow the We are grateful to following system of Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum institutions for granting loans of their material or in their her- (1968), while those of books and authors generally allowing us to examine specimens Univer- follow the system of Taxonomic Literature (TL- baria: Herbarium Jutlandicum, Aarhus Field Museum of Natural 2, 1976 et seq.). The acronyms for herbaria follow sitet, Denmark (AAU); Index Herbariorum and are also provided below. History, Chicago (F); Harvard University, Cam- bridge, Massachusetts most Gray Herbarium (GH), some Arnold Arboretum (A); Herbarium Acknowledgments Truxillense, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru (HUT); Missouri Botanical Garden, Benjamin 011gaard produced a recent Index to St. Louis (MO); Miami University, Oxford, Ohio the names of Lycopodiaceae, as well as taxonomic (MU); Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Par- treatments for the family in "The ferns and fern is (P); University of California, Berkeley (uc); allies of Guatemala" and in the "Flora of Ecua- United States National Herbarium, Smithsonian dor." R. James Hickey contributed Isoetaceae for Institution, Washington, D.C. (us); and Herbario FIELDIANA: BOTANY, N.S., NO. 34, DECEMBER 30, 1994, PP. 1-123 San Marcos, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San grows in Peru. It is a small plant with no leaflets Marcos, Lima, Peru (USM). on the petiole; the filiform leaves (petioles) are 1- Materials, mostly types, have also been studied 1 cm long. A single subglobose sporocarp is borne in the following herbaria (acronyms follow Index at the base of a leaf. Unless sporocarps are present, Herbariorum, ed. 8): AWH, B, BKL, BM, BONN, BR, the plant can easily be taken for a species of Cy- C, CGE, CPUN, CR, DUKE, G, GB, GL, HB, HEID, K, peraceae, which grows in wet habitats that are sim- KRA, L, LG, LIL, LINN, LP, MA, MICH, MOL, MSC, NO, ilar to those of Marsilea. NY, PR, Q, QCA, RB, S, SAPF, U, UPS, W, WIS, and Z. This project has been supported in part by grant #BSR-85-16358 from the National Science Foun- I. Marsilea dation, Systematic Biology Program. The work would not have been possible without this assis- Marsilea L., Sp. pi. 1099. 1753; Gen. pi. ed. 5, tance. However, any opinions and conclusions ex- 485. 1754. TYPE: Marsilea quadrifolia L. pressed are those of the authors and do not nec- Figure 1. essarily reflect the views of the Foundation. Plants palustral or aquatic. Stem usually long- creeping, commonly bearing long roots at the nodes of the stem or along the internodes. Leaves with Family 22. MARSILEACEAE the petiole terminated by 2 adjacent pairs of nar- rowly cuneate to broadly flabellate leaflets that are Marsileaceae Mirb., Hist. nat. veg. (Lam. & Mirb.) glabrous or pubescent. Veins more or less anas- 5: 126. 1802. TYPE: Marsilea L. tomosing, usually connected at the margin. Sori borne within 1 to several stalked, indurated spo- Stem short- to long-creeping, slender, often rocarps attached to the petiole or at its base, en- branched, hardly indurated, bearing trichomes. closed by a diaphanous indusium, with microspo- Leaves ca. 1-40 cm long, with 4, 2, or no leaflets rangia and megasporangia. Megaspores somewhat at the apex of the petiole, circinate in the bud. Sori ellipsoidal with an apical papillalike laesura, the borne within sporocarps, indusiate, with indehis- surface papillate. Microspores spheroidal, trilete, cent, short- to long-stalked, not annulate, mega- the surface slightly rugulose. sporangia and microsporangia; heterosporous, spores without chlorophyll. Marsilea is a nearly worldwide genus of perhaps 50 species, with about 1 2 in America. The tropical The Marsileaceae are a family of three genera, American species are poorly known for there are all in tropical America. The genera (Marsilea, Reg- relatively few collections and these often lack spo- nellidiwn, and Pilularid) are clearly distinct and rocarps. The species of Marsilea are most diverse not very closely allied. and common in regions that support vernal pools There are numerous detailed studies on the or shallow pools that dry out, at least along the Marsileaceae centering on the form and devel- borders. Mexico is one center of diversity, Aus- opment of the elaborate reproductive structures tralia and Africa are others.
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