DOCSLIB.ORG

Developments in the Romanian Forestry and Its Linkages with Other Sectors

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Developments in the Romanian Forestry and Its Linkages with Other Sectors Available online at www.notulaebotanicae.ro Print ISSN 0255-965X; Electronic ISSN 1842-4309 Not. Bot. Hort. Agrobot. Cluj 37 (2) 2009, 14-21 Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca Developments in the Romanian Forestry and its Linkages with other Sectors Ioan Vasile ABRUDAN1) , Viorel MARINESCU1) , Ovidiu IONESCU1) Florin IORAS2) , Sergiu Andrei HORODNIC3) , Radu SESTRAS4) 1) Transilvania University, 1 Sirul Beethoven St., 500123 Brasov, Romania; [email protected] 2) Buckinghamshire New University, Queen Alexandra Road, Bucks HP11 2JZ - High Wycombe, United Kingdom; [email protected] 3) University “Stefan cel Mare”, 13 University St., 720229 Suceava, Romania; [email protected] 4) University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Manastur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; [email protected] Abstract The evolution of the forestry sector in the last two decades in Romania has been significantly influenced by the post 1989 political and economic changes, forest restitution and the European Union accession process. Based on the analysis of forestry statistics, legislation and institutional changes this paper underlines the main developments in the forestry sector in the last twenty years and the linkages with other sectors that had an impact on its development. The significant change in forest ownership (based on which 45% of the Romanian forest is nowadays in non-state hands), the unprecedented re-organisation of the forest sector through the institutional separation of the regulatory, control and forest management functions, the changes in forest administration (including the establishment of more than 110 private forest districts) and the full privatisation of the wood harvesting and processing sector complemented by foreign investments have shaped the forest sector development in a context in which the forest resource remained almost unchanged. Major developments have been recorded in the establishment and management of large protected areas as National Forest Administration Romsilva is currently administrating 22 national and nature parks. Both positive and negative interactions of forestry with environmental protection, wood processing, agriculture, rural development, road infrastructure and tourism sectors have also impacted the evolution of the forest sector. Development policy options recommended by authors include among others the strengthening of the public authority responsible for forestry, reorganisation of the state forest administration and supporting the access of forest owners to the national and EU funding and compensation schemes for forestry. Keywords: cross-sectoral, forest policy, land restitution, Romania FORESTRY SECTOR: BASIC FACTS Tab. 1. Main features of Romania’s forests Total forest and other wooded land area 6.649 million ha Romania’s forests and other wooded lands cover about Forest ownership (June 2009): 29% of the country (for the main features see Table 1) and State-owned forests 55% include some of the largest tracts of natural forests still re- Non-state forests 45% maining in Central and Eastern Europe. Forest types: Forests have had an important role in Romania’s eco- Coniferous (especially spruce) 30% nomic development, especially in the rural area, provid- Beech 31% ing an important source of income from wood harvesting, Oaks 18% wood processing and non-timber forest product indus- Other 21% tries (Poynton et al., 2000). Compared to other countries National forest stock 1,347 million m3 in Central and Eastern Europe, forestry based sector and 3 industries are still a significant contributor to the national Annual growth 5.4 m /ha-year economy: 3.5% contribution to GDP in 2007 (UNECE, Geographical distribution of forests: 2009). Mountains 65% Hills 27% Forest area Plains 8% According to the provisions of the recently approved Functional distribution (2009): Forest Code (Law 46/2008), forest is defined as an area of Protection forests (not protected areas) 51% minimum 0.25 ha covered by trees whose height at matu- Production forests 49% rity is at least 5m, under normal growing conditions. All Forest area with no active intervention 161 thousands ha Abrudan, I. V. et al. / Not. Bot. Hort. Agrobot. Cluj 37 (2) 2009,14-21 15 such areas are included in the so called “national forest harvesting, 67,000 in the woodworking industry, 21,000 fund”. It is also considered forest the area covered by forest in the pulp and paper industry and 104,000 in the furni- protection belts, dwarf pine communities and the mead- ture industry (Istratescu et al., 2001). By 2008, the total ows covered by trees with a canopy closure index higher number of employees in the forest based sector and indus- than 0.4 (Law 46/2008). Forest area has remained approx- tries decreased to circa 161,000 (UNECE, 2009). In the imately unchanged in the last two decades in Romania: period 1991 - mid 2009, the number of employees in state 6.6-6.7 million ha of forests and land partially covered by forest management (National Forest Administration - forests (National Institute of Statistics 1991, 2008). The NFA Romsilva) decreased from 39,561 in 1991 to 27,098 slight fluctuations of statistical data for the last two de- in 1999 and about 21,400 in mid 2009 (Regia Nationala cades reflect the statistical reporting inconsistencies rather a Padurilor Romsilva, 2009). Whilst the significant reduc- than the real changes in the forest and forest land area in tion in the period 1991-1999 was due to the restructuring Romania. However, a slight increase in the afforestation of of NFA Romsilva and the externalisation of some of its degraded agricultural lands after 2000 should be noticed previous activities, afterwards the restitution of forests has (Abrudan et al., 2003; Abrudan, 2006). been another factor which affected the decrease of jobs in state forest administration. Forest ownership The contribution of the forestry (including the pro- After the fall of communist regime in December 1989, cessing sector) to GDP ranged between 3.5 and 4.5% the Government embarked on a program of land restitu- in the last decade (National Institute of Statistics, 1999- tion. As an initial measure, under Law 18/1991, approxi- 2008). The export value and volume of wood products mately 353,000 hectares of forest land were returned to and furniture increased continuously in the last ten years, around 400,000 pre-1948 individual owners (up to 1ha despite some fluctuations of pulp, paper and cardboard ex- per owner). In 2000, another land restitution law (Law port (Ioras and Abrudan, 2006). The annual export value 1/2000) was passed by the Parliament and according to of forest products in the last three years (including pro- this law all community, town and communal forests should cessed timber and furniture) exceeded 2 billion US$ mak- be restituted to their former owners. The restitution was ing Romania a net exporter of wood based products. For limited to 10 ha for individuals and 30 ha for churches, example, in the recent years Romania exported about 80% even if the size of their ownership before the 1948 nation- of its furniture production and the export of furniture was alization was larger than these imposed limits; protected mainly directed to the major markets of the world: Ger- forests were exempted from restitution. The third restitu- many, France, Holland, Italy, Austria, Great Britain, USA tion law (Law 247/2005) was passed in 2005 and accord- etc. (Cismaru, 2005). ing to its provisions all forest (including protected areas) The non-pecuniary values of forests are, however, con- should be restituted to the former owners irrespective of siderably larger than the financial values, but traditional size, location and ownership type. Although not finalised accounting methods have tended to mask this. A study yet, the implementation of the restitution laws determined commissioned by the World Bank in 1999 (Poynton et al., a significant change in forest ownership in Romania: by 2000) showed that the annual value of products and ser- the end of June 2009, more than 45% of the Romanian vices (including the environmental ones) provided by the forests were in non-state ownership and it is foreseen that, Romanian forests was around 3.1 billion US $. at the end of the restitution process, approximately 60% of the country’s forests will be owned by other owners than Forest and nature conservation the state (Regia Nationala a Padurilor Romsilva, 2009). The Romanian Network of Protected Areas covers more than 1.65 million ha or about 6.9% of the country’s Forestry production area. Apart from the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve In the period 1991-2008 the annual allowable cut var- there are other 27 large protected areas - national parks ied between 15.5 and 18.5 million m3. It has never been and nature parks (22 of them administrated by NFA Rom- exceeded by the actual harvest, excepting 1996, as a result silva), including 134 nature reserves and natural monu- of 1995 windthrow (Abrudan et al., 2005). ments, and covering 1.17 million ha. More than 693 na- The harvesting and wood processing sector is fully pri- ture reserves and natural monuments are outside the large vatised and there are more than 300 enterprises with more protected areas and cover 102,534 ha (Borlea et al., 2006; than 50 employees performing timber processing (except Abrudan et al., 2005). About 10.4% of the national for- furniture sector) whilst the number of wood processing est area is included in the national and nature parks and companies employing less than 50 employees exceeded 160.429 ha of forests are strictly protected. 5,000 in 2005 (National Institute of Statistics, 2006). In Before 1999 none of the large protected areas had le- 2005 there were about 2,900 companies which produced gally established administrative structures in place, except furniture or component parts for furniture. Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve. This situation was due About 28,000 people were employed in 2000 in for- to the poor capacity of the state budged to finance the ad- est administration and management, circa 15,000 in wood ministration of protected areas.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Forest Health & Biosecurity Working Papers OVERVIEW OF FOREST PESTS ROMANIA January 2007 Forest Resources Development Service Working Paper FBS/28E Forest Management Division FAO, Rome, Italy Forestry Department DISCLAIMER The aim of this document is to give an overview of the forest pest1 situation in Romania. It is not intended to be a comprehensive review. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. © FAO 2007 1 Pest: Any species, strain or biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic agent injurious to plants or plant products (FAO, 2004). Overview of forest pests - Romania TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction..................................................................................................................... 1 Forest pests and diseases................................................................................................. 1 Naturally regenerating forests..................................................................................... 1 Insects ..................................................................................................................... 1 Diseases................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Forest for All Forever
    Centralized National Risk Assessment for Romania FSC-CNRA-RO V1-0 EN FSC-CNRA-RO V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ROMANIA 2017 – 1 of 122 – Title: Centralized National Risk Assessment for Romania Document reference FSC-CNRA-RO V1-0 EN code: Approval body: FSC International Center: Policy and Standards Unit Date of approval: 20 September 2017 Contact for comments: FSC International Center - Policy and Standards Unit - Charles-de-Gaulle-Str. 5 53113 Bonn, Germany +49-(0)228-36766-0 +49-(0)228-36766-30 [email protected] © 2017 Forest Stewardship Council, A.C. All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the publisher’s copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, recording taping, or information retrieval systems) without the written permission of the publisher. Printed copies of this document are for reference only. Please refer to the electronic copy on the FSC website (ic.fsc.org) to ensure you are referring to the latest version. The Forest Stewardship Council® (FSC) is an independent, not for profit, non- government organization established to support environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial, and economically viable management of the world’s forests. FSC’s vision is that the world’s forests meet the social, ecological, and economic rights and needs of the present generation without compromising those of future generations. FSC-CNRA-RO V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ROMANIA 2017 – 2 of 122 – Contents Risk assessments that have been finalized for Romania ........................................... 4 Risk designations in finalized risk assessments for Romania ...................................
    [Show full text]
  • Stealing the Last Forest: Austria’S Largest Timber Company, Land Rights, and Corruption in Romania Contents 3 Executive Summary 6 Part 1
    STEALING THE LAST FOREST: AUSTRIA’S LARGEST TIMBER COMPANY, LAND RIGHTS, AND CORRUPTION IN ROMANIA CONTENTS 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 PART 1. ILLEGAL LOGGING IN ROMANIA: A LONG-RECOGNIZED PROBLEM 8 SECTION 1.1: RATES OF ILLEGAL LOGGING For over 25 years as a 8 SECTION 1.2: RESTITUTION PROCESS AND ILLEGAL LAND ACQUISITION nonprofit organization, EIA 10 SECTION 1.3: ROMSILVA’S MISMANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL PARKS AND STATE FORESTS has pioneered the use of 12 PART 2. THE CASE OF SCHWEIGHOFER undercover investigations to 12 SECTION 2.1 SCHWEIGHOFER IN ROMANIA 13 SECTION 2.2: POLICY OF DESTRUCTION REVEALED expose environmental crime IN UNDERCOVER INVESTIGATIONS 14 SECTION 2.3: KNOWLEDGE AT THE TOP: MANAGEMENT around the world. Intelligence BY GERALD SCHWEIGHOFER reports, documentary evidence, 16 PART 3. CASE STUDIES: ALL ROADS LEAD TO SCHWEIGHOFER 16 SECTION 3.1 BUYING ILLEGAL WOOD - SCHWEIGHOFER’S campaigning expertise and 1,000 SUPPLIERS PER YEAR 20 SECTION 3.2: STOLEN FORESTS - SCHWEIGHOFER an international advocacy AND ILLEGAL RESTITUTIONS network enable EIA to achieve 22 SECTION 3.3: BUYING FROM NATIONAL PARKS 26 PART 4. SCHWEIGHOFER’S EUROPEAN CUSTOMERS far-reaching environmental 26 SECTION 4.1: SCHWEIGHOFER’S EUROPEAN EXPORTS protection by spurring changes 28 SECTION 4.2: EUROPEAN UNION TIMBER REGULATION (EUTR) 29 SECTION 4.3: VOLUNTARY CERTIFICATION: in market demand, government NO GUARANTEE FOR LEGALITY policy and enforcement related 31 PART 5. ROMANIAN POLICY CONTEXT 31 SECTION 5.1: ROMANIA’S ATTEMPTS TO REFORM FOREST GOVERNANCE to global trade in wildlife and 32 PART 6. CONCLUSION environmental products. 33 RECOMMENDATIONS 34 GLOSSARY 36 WORKS CITED ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS SIDEBARS AND GRAPHICS EIA would like to thank the following funders for their support: 7 TYPES OF ILLEGAL LOGGING COMMON IN ROMANIA The Tilia Fund 8 ROMANIA’S LAND RESTITUTION LAWS Good Energies Foundation 9 THE GHICA COMANESTI ILLEGAL RESTITUTION CASE Weeden Foundation The Cox Fund 11 FOREST LOSS IN ROMANIA 2000-2014 © Environmental Investigation Agency 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • The Organization of Nature Conservation in State-Owned Forests in Poland and Expectations of Polish Stakeholders
    Article The Organization of Nature Conservation in State-Owned Forests in Poland and Expectations of Polish Stakeholders Ewa Referowska-Chodak Department of Forest Protection, Institute of Forest Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), ul. Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected]; Tel.: +48-22-5938169 Received: 2 July 2020; Accepted: 21 July 2020; Published: 23 July 2020 Abstract: Research Highlights: The presented findings result from the first large-scale research conducted in Poland in relation to the State Forests—the most important place for the protection of Polish nature. They may constitute an important contribution to the improvement of the nature conservation system. Background and Objectives: The current model of organization of nature conservation in the State Forests in Poland is not fully effective. In regard to the growing influence of society on nature protection and the need to improve the existing system of nature conservation, this study poses the question: what are the expectations of various stakeholders as for the organization of nature conservation in the State Forests? The aim of the article is to present these expectations, to broadly discuss them, and to present recommendations for the future. Materials and Methods: The survey was conducted in 2013, among 41 various stakeholder groups in Poland. The choice of the surveyed groups was determined by their legal competence and/or practical experience in nature conservation in the State Forests. Results: A total of 77.9% of the respondents supported the concept of transferring full responsibility for nature conservation to foresters, while 51.1% supported financing of nature conservation tasks exclusively by the State Forests.
    [Show full text]
  • Team of Specialists on Sustainable Forest Products (As of 22 January 2020)
    Team of Specialists on Sustainable Forest Products (as of 22 January 2020) Last name First name Title Organization Communication country Abidov Orifjon Mr. European Panel Federation Belgium Aguilar Francisco Dr. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Sweden Akim Eduard Prof. Saint Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design Russian Federation Alderman Delton Mr. USDA Forest Service United States of America Anghel Octavian Mr. NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION - ROMSILVA Romania Arndt Thorsten Mr. Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) Switzerland Bali Ramazan Mr. General Directorate of Forestry Turkey Bastrup-Birk Annemarie Dr. European Environment Agency (EEA) Denmark Benedetti Diego Mr. European Organization of the Sawmill Industry Belgium Brose Isabelle Ms. European Federation of the Parquet Industry Belgium Brunori Antonio Mr. PEFC Council asbl Italy Bumgardner Matthew Mr. USDA Forest Service United States of America Bunkholt Aasm. Mr. Wood Focus Norway Norway Chamorro Garcia Gregorio Sr. Ministry of Agriulture Spain Christiansen Linn Ms. Swedish Forest Agency Sweden Clark Douglas Mr. Clark Consulting United Kingdom Demidova Natalia Dr. Northern Research Institute of Forestry Russian Federation Desclos Pierre Mr. Forest Products Consultants Italy Eastin Ivan Prof. University of Michigan United States of America Ferlazzo Silvia Dr. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry Policies Italy Fernholz Kathryn Ms. Dovetail Partners United States of America Francais-Demay Philippe Mr. Agriculture Ministry, SSP France Gaston Christopher Dr. University of British Columbia Canada Glavonjic Branko Dr. Belgrade State University Serbia González Víctor Mr. Team of Experts, Sustainable Forest Products Spain Gosálbez Ruiz Jorge Mr. Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente Spain Güler Hüseyin Dr. Kastamonu Entegre Turkey Hermans Pierre Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Stealing the Last Forest: Austria’S Largest Timber Company, Land Rights, and Corruption in Romania Contents 3 Executive Summary 6 Part 1
    STEALING THE LAST FOREST: AUSTRIA’S LARGEST TIMBER COMPANY, LAND RIGHTS, AND CORRUPTION IN ROMANIA CONTENTS 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 PART 1. ILLEGAL LOGGING IN ROMANIA: A LONG-RECOGNIZED PROBLEM 8 SECTION 1.1: RATES OF ILLEGAL LOGGING For over 25 years as a 8 SECTION 1.2: RESTITUTION PROCESS AND ILLEGAL LAND ACQUISITION nonproft organization, EIA 10 SECTION 1.3: ROMSILVA’S MISMANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL PARKS AND STATE FORESTS has pioneered the use of 12 PART 2. THE CASE OF SCHWEIGHOFER undercover investigations to 12 SECTION 2.1 SCHWEIGHOFER IN ROMANIA 13 SECTION 2.2: POLICY OF DESTRUCTION REVEALED expose environmental crime IN UNDERCOVER INVESTIGATIONS 14 SECTION 2.3: KNOWLEDGE AT THE TOP: MANAGEMENT around the world. Intelligence BY GERALD SCHWEIGHOFER reports, documentary evidence, 16 PART 3. CASE STUDIES: ALL ROADS LEAD TO SCHWEIGHOFER 16 SECTION 3.1 BUYING ILLEGAL WOOD - SCHWEIGHOFER’S campaigning expertise and 1,000 SUPPLIERS PER YEAR 20 SECTION 3.2: STOLEN FORESTS - SCHWEIGHOFER an international advocacy AND ILLEGAL RESTITUTIONS network enable EIA to achieve 22 SECTION 3.3: BUYING FROM NATIONAL PARKS 26 PART 4. SCHWEIGHOFER’S EUROPEAN CUSTOMERS far-reaching environmental 26 SECTION 4.1: SCHWEIGHOFER’S EUROPEAN EXPORTS protection by spurring changes 28 SECTION 4.2: EUROPEAN UNION TIMBER REGULATION (EUTR) 29 SECTION 4.3: VOLUNTARY CERTIFICATION: in market demand, government NO GUARANTEE FOR LEGALITY policy and enforcement related 31 PART 5. ROMANIAN POLICY CONTEXT 31 SECTION 5.1: ROMANIA’S ATTEMPTS TO REFORM FOREST GOVERNANCE to global trade in wildlife and 32 PART 6. CONCLUSION environmental products. 33 RECOMMENDATIONS 34 GLOSSARY 36 WORKS CITED ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS SIDEBARS AND GRAPHICS EIA would like to thank the following funders for their support: 7 TYPES OF ILLEGAL LOGGING COMMON IN ROMANIA The Tilia Fund 8 ROMANIA’S LAND RESTITUTION LAWS Good Energies Foundation 9 THE GHICA COMANESTI ILLEGAL RESTITUTION CASE Weeden Foundation The Cox Fund 11 FOREST LOSS IN ROMANIA 2000-2014 © Environmental Investigation Agency 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • EU Forests in Danger: Forest Protection Starts in Our Backyard
    Forest protection starts in our backyard EU forests in danger February 2019 2 Contents Czech Republic - Planting tomorrow’s problem? 4 Estonia - The race is on for Estonia’s last natural forests 5 Finland - How Finland’s indigenous peoples are fighting for their forests 6 France - French forests under threat 9 Germany - Is sustainable forestry in Germany fake news? 11 Ireland - More of a plague than a forest: Conifer plantations in the West of Ireland 12 Lithuania - Increased clearcutting in Natura 2000 sites demands a rapid response 13 Poland - Białowieża Forest – valuable and endangered 15 Romania - Europe’s last large tracts of old-growth forests are vanishing fast 16 Slovakia - Large protected areas - but only on paper 19 Sweden - The Swedish forestry model – not to be replicated 23 EU forests in danger: Forest protection starts in our backyard February 2019 Cover photo by Marcin Nowak Acknowledgements This publication was written by members of civil society, researchers and activists from EU Member States, and compiled and edited by Fern. Thank you to Matthias Schickhofer and Luke Chamberlain, the NGO Agent Green, Malin Sahlin and the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Laslo Maraz from Forum Umwelt und Entwicklung, Eddie Mitchel, Katja Garson, Ondrej Kameniar and the REMOTE Primary Forests project, Siim Kuresoo from Eestimaa Looduse Fond, Jan Skalik from Friends of the Earth Czech Republic, Sylvain Angerand from Canopée, Marija Dabrisiute from Gyvas Miškas, photographer Marcin Nowak and an activist from Camp for the Forest (Poland), who wished to remain anonymous. Fern office UK, 1C Fosseway Business Centre, Stratford Road, Moreton in Marsh, GL56 9NQ, UK Fern office Brussels, Rue d’Édimbourg, 26, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium www.fern.org This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union.
    [Show full text]
  • Letter to Romanian State Forestry Romsilva
    Prof. Dr. Rainer Luick University of Rottenburg Schadenweilerhof D 72108 Rottenburg Tel. 0049 – 0 - 7472-951 239 E-mail: [email protected] 25-October-2017 To Mr. Dragos Ciprian Pahonţu, General Manager Romsilva By E-mail : [email protected] Offer of collaboration Project funded by DBU: “Virgin & Old Growth Forest in Romania – Safeguarding European Biodiversity Heritage”. Grant provided by the German Federal Environmental Foundation (DBU) to support the mapping of virgin and old growth forest in Romania. Dear Mr. Pahonţu, Romania hosts a unique world natural heritage: the largest areas of primary forests in the EU. This natural treasure is of particular importance for preserving Europe's biodiversity, maintaining intact the water supply of Romania and carbon tanks. They are also a great potential for natural tourism to represent a chance for regional economic development. Primary forests have largely disappeared from almost all Member States of Europe, so that all intact areas of these ecosystems in Europe are of immense international importance. We consider it as a wider European responsibility to support Romania’s efforts protecting this nat- ural heritage of intact old growth / primary forests. We realise that “virgin forests” are under overall legal protection by the Romanian Forest Code. However, potential virgin and cvasi-virgin forests must be identified, analyzed and processed in a substantiation study, with a view to proposing them to be included in the "National Catalog of Virgin and Cvasi-Virgins Forests of Romania“. In order to enlarge the capacity to conduct these studies for populating the “Virgin Forest Cata- logue” we decided to set up a project supporting the work of Romania forest experts.
    [Show full text]
  • How Many People Are Needed to Manage a Forest in Europe and in Romania?
    Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol. 18, Issue 3, 2018 PRINT ISSN 284-7995, E-ISSN 2285-3952 HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE NEEDED TO MANAGE A FOREST IN EUROPE AND IN ROMANIA? Cristian Mihai ENESCU University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, 59 Mărăști Boulevard, 1st District, 011464, Bucharest, Romania, Email: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The total forest area in Europe accounts for 215 million hectares. In Europe, forest management is done both by private-owned and state-owned enterprises, companies, agencies or other structures. The European State Forest Association (EUSTAFOR) represents a forum of 33 national forest administrators (NFAs) originating from 22 countries, that are managing 30 million hectares of state-owned forests. The main aim of this study was to compare the data provided by EUSTAFOR for the NFAs regarding the managed forest areas. Secondly, the share of managed forest area per employee was assessed for each of the 23 members for which the information was available on the official website. The NFA that is managing the highest forest area is Metsähallitus (Finland), with more than 9 million hectares. As regards the average annual harvested wood quantity, the NFA from Poland, namely LASY PAŃSTWOWE, is the leader, with more than 37 million cubic meters. Based on these results, it seems that the highest share of managed forests per one employee was recorded in the countries situated in the northern part of Europe, namely Norway, Finland and Sweden. ROMSILVA, together with the NFAs from Germany and England ranked on the last positions as regards the share of the managed forest area by one employee.
    [Show full text]
  • VIRGIN FORESTS at the HEART of EUROPE the Importance, Situation and Future of Romania’S Virgin Forests
    VIRGIN FORESTS AT THE HEART OF EUROPE The importance, situation and future of Romania’s virgin forests by Rainer Luick, Albert Reif, Erika Schneider, Manfred Grossmann & Ecaterina Fodor Mitteilungen des Badischen Landesvereins für Naturkunde & Naturschutz e.V. (BLNN), 2021, Band 24. DOI 10.6094/BLNN/Mitt/24.02 Content Recommended citation: R. Luick, A. Reif, E. Schneider, M. Grossmann & E. Fodor (2021). Virgin forests at the heart of Europe - The importance, situation and future of Romania’s virgin forests. Mitteilungen des Badischen Landesvereins für Naturkunde und Naturschutz 24. ISSN 0067-2528 Doi: 10.6094/BLNN/Mitt/24.02 A German version of the report (Urwälder im Herzen Europas) is available as hard cover. Order is possible via: Badischer Landesverein für Naturkunde und Naturschutz e.V. (BLNN), Gerberau 32, D-79098 Freiburg. E-Mail: [email protected] Cover Photos: Ion Holban, Christoph Promberger (Fundația Conservation Carpathia) Layout: Annelie Moreira da Silva 2 1 Virgin and old-growth forests and their ecological significance This report will provide an overview of the distribution, situation and (in particular), perception of the last remaining large-scale virgin forests in Central Europe, with a particular focus on Romania. s well as being a scene of forest destruction, 1 Spared from the direct influence of civilisation, ARomania is an EU Member State and a country virgin forests (wilderness areas) contain vital with close and good relations with Germany1. reserves of evolutionary genes. Intra-species Numerous observers and stakeholders are variability that has evolved over thousands able to provide us with reliable and up-to-date or even millions of years has been spared information.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Joint World Heritage Centre/IUCN Reactive Monitoring Mission to the Albanian and Romanian
    REPORT ON THE JOINT WORLD HERITAGE CENTRE/IUCN REACTIVE MONITORING MISSION TO THE ALBANIAN AND ROMANIAN COMPONENTS OF THE TRANSNATIONAL WORLD HERITAGE PROPERTY “ANCIENT AND PRIMEVAL BEECH FORESTS OF THE CARPATHIANS AND OTHER REGIONS OF EUROPE” (ALBANIA, AUSTRIA, BELGIUM, BULGARIA, CROATIA, ITALY, GERMANY, ROMANIA, SLOVENIA, SLOVAKIA, SPAIN, UKRAINE) FROM 13 TO 22 NOVEMBER 2019 Photo: © Hervé Lethier, 2019. Clemens Küpper (UNESCO World Heritage Centre) Hervé Lethier (IUCN Expert) 2 Table of contents LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................... 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................. 6 1. BACKGROUND TO THE MISSION .............................................................................................. 9 1.1 Inscription history of the property ............................................................................................ 9 1.2 Previous Decisions on the State of Conservation of the property ...................................... 9 1.3 Justification of the current reactive monitoring mission ..................................................... 10 2. NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE PRESERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE WORLD HERITAGE PROPERTY ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Legal Aspects of European Forest Sustainable Development
    IUFRO DIVISION 9, FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS RESEARCH GROUP 9.06.00: FOREST LAW AND ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION Legal Aspects of European Forest Sustainable Development Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium, May 2015, Brașov, Romania IUFRO Division 9: Forest Policy and Economics Research Group 9.06.00 (former 6.13.00: Forest Law and Environmental Legislation) International Symposium, Romania 2015 16th International Symposium on Legal Aspects of European Forest Sustainable Development Brașov, Romania May 2015 Editors: Ioan Vasile Abrudan, Rastislav Sulek, Bogdan Popa Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium in Brașov, Romania May 2015 Organized jointly by the IUFRO Research Group 9.06.00, Transilvania University of Brașov, Faculty of Silviculture and Forestry Engineering and the Forest Research and Management Planning Institute Chișinău, Republic of Moldova Legal Aspects of European Forest Sustainable Development Proceedings of the 16thInternational Symposium in Brașov, Romania The Authors of the papers are fully responsible for the content of their articles in these Proceedings Published by: Transilvania University of Brașov Editorial staff: Ioan Vasile Abrudan, Rastislav Sulek, Bogdan Popa Table of Contents PREFACE .................................................................................................................................. 4 Remembrance of Franz Schmithüsen ........................................................................................ 6 Historical Transition of the State Forest Management
    [Show full text]