Silviculture and Forest Management of Deciduous Broadleaved Forests 08:30 - 10:30 Wednesday, 2Nd October, 2019 Venue R08 - WING 2 Congress Theme C
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C1f: Silviculture and forest management of deciduous broadleaved forests 08:30 - 10:30 Wednesday, 2nd October, 2019 Venue R08 - WING 2 Congress Theme C. Forests and Forest Products for a Greener Future Presentation Types Oral Chair Magnus Prof Temperate broadleaved forests are common throughout Eurasia, Americas and elsewhere where they are of outstanding importance for biodiversity and they provide many ecosystem services. For example, some oaks can harbor nearly 500 species of flora and fauna and in many countries these tree species are managed for high quality timber, firewood, wine barrels, truffles, building materials, mushrooms, cork, fodder production etc. There are many tree species included in this group of which some are relatively unknown from ecological and management perspectives. Temperate broadleaved forests are many times located near urban areas connected to agricultural fields and water. They are therefore among our most preferred forest habitats for recreation purposes and are connected to esthetical and cultural/historical values. Sustainable management of these forests is a global issue and is connected to many environmental and developmental strategies, and large amounts of governmental funding is involved for protection and management with conservation purposes. The main objective of this session is to review different management options applied for sustainable management in these types of forests. The session is organized through a cooperation between IUFRO unit 1.01.06 (Ecology and Silviculture of Oak) and Ignacio Diaz-Maroto. Our intention with this session is to promote a discussion on temperate broadleaved forests between researchers, decision-making authorities and other stakeholders. 08:30 - 08:45 C1f MANAGING REGENERATION POTENTIAL TO SUSTAIN OAK FORESTS IN NORTH AMERICA Daniel Dey US Forest Service, Columbia, USA Abstract Today in North America, there is a well-accepted recognition of oak regeneration failure and the widespread loss of oak forests. Similar observations are being reported around the world. Regeneration potential of a species is the probability that the species will be competitive through regeneration and stand development to prevail in the mature stand. It is the summation of a species regeneration potential from all modes of reproduction, including current seed, seed bank, new seedlings that establish after a regeneration disturbance, advance reproduction, and vegetative reproduction from stump sprouting, root sprouting and layering. Regeneration potential has been quantified for some oak species. Large, competitive oak advance reproduction and stump sprouts are essential to sustain oak forests. Regeneration potential is influenced by initial floristics, site quality, competing vegetation, herbivores, and level of management. Oak regeneration potential in modern forests is commonly too low to sustain oak stocking at current levels. Recommendations are given for silvicultural prescriptions designed to increase oak regeneration potential to sustain oak forests. 08:45 - 09:00 C1f A Review of Research-based Methods for Managing Deer Herbivory of Hardwood Regeneration Caleb Redick1, Douglass Jacobs2 1Purdue University, WEST LAFAYETTE, USA. 2Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA Abstract Pervasive ungulate herbivory poses a major obstacle to forest regeneration in many regions. Various deer species threaten to shift existing forest composition in North America and Europe as they preferentially browse oaks and other high value hardwoods. Herbivory thereby presents a challenge to foresters who want to maintain oak dominated forests. Herbivory also impedes successful afforestation of abandoned agricultural or mined lands. Population control can be difficult to implement, and even small populations of deer can have negative effects. Methods other than hunting to manage deer browse are required until populations are reduced on a regional level. Forest landowners and managers attempting hardwood forestation have come up with many creative solutions to deal with wildlife damage, ranging from fences and shelters, to repellents. Many empirical studies on browse management methods have been published in the scientific literature and results can be generalized. Fences are effective, yet require maintenance. Shelters, though expensive, have been shown to be effective in increasing growth and survival in many cases and promote seedling growth to free-to-grow status. Repellents are a common alternative to physical barriers, but their usefulness is short- lived so reapplication is necessary. In addition, there is much variability in effectiveness depending on the repellent type and local deer population. Systemic repellents have been tested, but success is sporadic and depends upon uptake of the chemical. This literature review catalogs research on browse management methods in the presence of high deer populations and compares the effectiveness of such methods. 09:00 - 09:15 C1f Potential of prescribed fire as a management tool for natural oak regeneration in temperate Europe Linda Petersson1, Daniel Dey2, Annika Felton1, Emile Gardiner3, Magnus Löf1 1Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden. 2USDA Forest Service, Columbia, USA. 3USDA Forest Service, Stoneville, USA Abstract Oak-dominated forests provide ecosystem services and harbor biodiversity. However, rapidly changing land- use and disturbance regimes have reduced suitable regeneration niches and unsuccessful natural oak regeneration have caused concern in Europe and North America for over a century. In eastern North America, a fire-oak hypothesis has been developed which attributes some oak regeneration problems to effective fire suppression. Prescribed burns are used to regenerate oak-dominated ecosystems, often combined with thinning to increase light and control competing vegetation. In temperate Europe the role of fire is not clear, but fire suppression is widespread. Our study investigates if the fire-oak hypothesis can be applied to European temperate oaks (Q. robur and Q. petraea). A field experiment combining effects of light (high-low), browsing (fence-no fence), and fire (burn-no burn) in a complete block design was established in 2016 at five oak- dominated forests in Sweden. We recorded survival and growth of 2357 naturally regenerated oak seedlings. Two growing season following burn treatment, oak seedling survival ranged from 52% in low-light*no- fence*burn-treatment to 96% in high-light*fence*no burn-treatment. For all burn treatments, 93% of surviving oaks had re-sprouted. This is the first field study to investigate use of a low-intensity prescribed fire as a management tool in European temperate oak forests. The initial results are positive in that we demonstrate the high sprouting capacity of naturally established oak seedlings that experienced a low-intensity prescribed fire. Our results also highlight the importance of investigating combined effects of multiple factors, continued research will further explore these interactive effects. 09:15 - 09:30 C1f The Status quo and scope for future development of oak forestry in China Xiuling Guan1, Wenhui Zhang2 1Chinese Soceity of Forestry, Beijing, China. 2North West Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China Abstract China boasts rich diversity of oak species (Quercus spp.) with a wide distribution. According to the 8th forest resources inventory of China, the total area of oak is 16.10 million ha, accounting for 13.7% of natural forests. Importance of oaks will be going to increase because China is prioritizing mixed forests of native species than monoculture of exotic species to increase resilience of forests. Oaks have been underestimated in China for long, often being used as fuel wood, whereas its economic, ecological and cultural values have been ignored. Since 2015, the CSF has initiated promotion of oak forestry and industry in China. In last three years, apart from involving oak experts from abroad, the CSF has also facilitated the management of secondary forests of oak in over 10 provinces in northern China. The Oak Division of the CSF and China Innovation Alliance of Oak were established in 2018. At present, oak industry is attracting increasing attention from forest departments at different levels, stepping on the path of industry-education-research and coordinated development under the guidance of the CSF. In this presentation, I will present a comprehensive picture of current oak forestry in China and future potentials. Key words: Quercus, Oak silviculture, oak ecology, sustainable forest management, secondary forests, forest restoration, oak wood industry 09:30 - 09:45 C1f Regeneration and Conservation of Oaks in Western Himalayan forest of Uttarakhand, India Manisha Thapliyal, Namitha NK, Pravin Rawat Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India Abstract Oak forests are one of the oldest vegetation types of the Himalayan region and a climax community. They have great social and ecological relevance in the Western Himalayan region providing many important ecosystem services like retention and enriching soil, sustaining the hydrological regime of hills. Oaks are also highly valued economically in the region as they are closely linked with hill agriculture and sustenance as an important source of fodder for livestock, litter for compost, fire wood and timber. Owing to the intense anthropogenic pressure, recurrent forest fires and poor acorn production at times, regenerative capacity of oaks is declining in the Himalayan region. The