Blood Concentrations of Prostaglandins, Insulin, and Glucose in Overweight College Females Barbara Jo Struempler Iowa State University
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Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1984 Blood concentrations of prostaglandins, insulin, and glucose in overweight college females Barbara Jo Struempler Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Commons, Human and Clinical Nutrition Commons, and the Medical Nutrition Commons Recommended Citation Struempler, Barbara Jo, "Blood concentrations of prostaglandins, insulin, and glucose in overweight college females " (1984). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 7729. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/7729 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. 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These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. UniversiV Micronlms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8423675 Struempler, Barbara Jo BLOOD CONCENTRATIONS OF PROSTAGLANDINS, INSULIN, AND GLUCOSE IN OVERWEIGHT COLLEGE FEMALES Iowa State University PH.D. 1984 University Microfilms IntGrnStiOnSl 300 N. Zeet Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a checli mark V . 1. Glossy photographs or pages 2. Colored Illustrations, paper or print 3. Photographs with dark background 4. Illustrations are poor copy 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page 7. 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For the Graduate College Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1984 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 4 Eicosanoid Metabolism 4 Plasma and Serum Eicosanoid Levels 9 Factors that Influence Eicosanoid Production 13 Cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and aging 13 Dietary lipid intake 15 Nutritional state and eicosanoid synthesis 16 Prostaglandins and Obesity 20 Insulin and Glucose Levels in Relation to Body Weight Status ... 21 Weight Reduction and Maintenance of Weight Loss 21 METHODS AND MATERIALS 24 Body Weight Management Program (BWMP) 24 Description of Participants 25 Blood Sample Collection 28 Analytical Methods 32 Eicosanoid assay 32 Insulin analysis 33 Glucose analysis 34 Statistical Analysis 34 RESULTS 35 DISCUSSION 44 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 57 BIBLIOGRAPHY 61 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 68 APPENDIX A: BODY WEIGHT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM (BWMP) 69 Development of Computerized Data Bank 70 iii Breakfast Weigh-in Meetings 75 Pilot Study 75 Long-Term Experimental Study, 1982-1983 75 Description of participants 75 Changes in body weight 79 Discussion 82 APPENDIX B: INFORMATION ON THE USE OF HUMAN STÏBJECTS IN RESEARCH 94 APPENDIX C: GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS ON DIETARY INTAKES DURING THE BODY WEIGHT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM 107 BIBLIOGRAPHY 124 iv LIST OF TABLES PAGE TABLE 1. Effect of eicosanoids on vascular smooth muscle and platelet aggregation 10 TABLE 2. Effect of dietary linoleate treatment on eicosanoid production in the rat 17 TABLE 3. Description of females in the Body Weight Management Program experimental study, 1982-1983 27 TABLE 4. Presence of obesity, adult-onset diabetes, and high blood pressure in family members of the females in the Body Weight Management Program 29 TABLE 5. Eicosanoid, insulin, and glucose concentrations in fasted and fed blood samples in overweight females .... 36 TABLE 6. Relationships between eicosanoid, insulin and glucose concentrations in fasted and fed blood samples in overweight females 38 TABLE 7. Serum thromboxane B2 concentration in fasted and fed samples from overweight females in three different months 40 TABLE 8. Eicosanoid concentrations in fasted blood samples from the overweight females in the present research (Struempler) and from the study by Storms 54 TABLE 9. Discussion and workshop sessions presented during the Body Weight Management Program 76 TABLE 10. Body weight changes for ten females in the Body Weight Management Program four-week pilot study (April-May, 1982) 78 TABLE 11. Description of females in the Body Weight Management Program experimental study, 1982-1983 80 TABLE 12. Presence of obesity, adult-onset diabetes, and high blood pressure in family members of the females in the Body Weight Management Program 83 V TABLE 13. Changes in body weight and lowest body weight achieved for the females in the Body Weight Management Program ... 85 I vi LIST OF FIGURES PAGE FIGURE 1. Desaturation and elongation of linoleic acid and the subsequent cyclooxygenase pathway 5 FIGURE 2. Effect of season on plasma prostacyclin (Met-l2,) and serum thromboxane (TXB^) in fasted (12-hour) aûd fed (2-hour) blood samples in overweight females 41 FIGURE 3. Effect of season on plasma PGE^ and plasma PGEg levels in fasted (12-hour) and fed (2-hour) blood samples in overweight females 42 FIGURE 4. Effect of season on serum PGE^ and serum PGEg levels in fasted (12-hour) and fed (2-hour) blood samples in overweight females 43 FIGURE 5. Body weight pattern for Subject 0 (initial relative body weight of 129%) in the Body Weight Management Program 90 FIGURE 6. Body weight pattern for Subject DD (initial relative body weight of 162%) in the Body Weight Management Program 93 1 INTRODUCTION Extensive investigations have been conducted recently on eicosanoids, known more commonly as prostaglandins (PG). Prior to the discovery of two labile eicosanoids, prostacyclin (PGIg) and thromboxane (TXAg), most investigators examined PG of the E series, such as PGE^ and PGEg. More recently, the physiological effects of PGIg and TXA^ on the vascular endothelium and platelets have been examined in relationship to diabetes and cardiovascular disease (1). The majority of these investigations, however, have been in vitro studies. Eicosanoids are a family of compounds derived from the 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids (2). They are believed to be synthesized in every tissue. Eicosanoid family members exhibit a wide variety of physiological effects. In many cases, their effects on tissues are antagonistic (3, 4). For example, PGI^ synthesis is localized mainly in the vascular endothelium. PGIg inhibits platelet aggregation (similar to PGEg) and relaxes the vascular smooth muscle (similar to PGEg). In contrast, TXAg synthesis occurs primarily in the platelets. TXAg promotes platelet aggregation (similar to PGEg) and constricts the smooth muscle. Platelet aggregation