CITY OF THE DALLES COMPREHENS l VE PLAN Prepared by City of The Dalles Planning Department Preparation of this document was financed by Planning Assistance Grants from the Land Conservation and Development Commission, State of Oreaon, and General funds, City of The Dalles. Additional financial assistance was gained through a Comprehensive Pl anning Grant from the Department of Housing and Urban Development under the Provision of Section 701 of the Housing Act of 1954, as amended. December 1982 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE DEDICATION ........................... 3 PREFACE ............................. 4 HISTORY OF THE DALLES ...................... 6 GOAL # 1 ...CITIZEN PARTICIPATION Background Studies ..................... 15 Goals and Policies ..................... 18 GOAL # 2 ...LAND USE PLANNING Background Studies ..................... 19 Goals and Policies ...................... 19 GOAL # 5 ...OPEN SPACE. SCENIC. HISTORIC AND NATURAL RESOURCES Background Studies ..................... 23 Goals and Policies ..................... 53 GOAL # 6 ... ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY Background Studies ..................... 55 Goals and Policies ..................... 62 GOAL # 7 ...NATURAL HAZARDS Background Studies ..................... 63 Goals and Policies ..................... 66 GOAL # 8 ...RECREATIONAL NEEDS Background Studies ..................... 68 Goals and Policies ..................... 72 GOAL # 9 ...ECONOMY Background Studies..................... 73 Goals and Policies ..................... 94 GOAL #10 ...HOUSING Background Studies ..................... 97 Goals and Policies ..................... 105 GOAL #11 ... PUBLIC FACILITIES & SERVICES Background Studies ..................... 109 Goals and Policies .....................126 GOAL #12 ...TRANSPORTATION ~ackgroundStudies ..................... 128 Goals and Policies ..................... 149 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd) Page GOAL #13 ...ENERGY Background Studies. .................... 151 Goals and Policies. .................... 169 GOAL #14 ...URBANIZATION Background studies. .................... 171 Findings. ......................... 174 Future Growth Areas .................... 175 Management. ........................ 175 Urbanization Policies ................... 176 DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES FOR COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN MAP ... 177 FIGURES 1 The Dalles Urban Area ................... 5 2 Scenic and Open Space Resources .............. 25 3 Comprehensive Plan Land Use Map .............. 182 In Memory Of HENRY KLINDT Henry Klindt served as Wasco County Planning Conurrissioner from December of 2957 and Planning Conurrission Chairman from September of 1967 until his death in Febmy of 2978. With this dedication we recognize his concern for The Dalles and Wasco County and the time he gave to help shape the future of this comnity . PREFACE Senate Bill 100, known as the 1973 Oregon Land Use Act, and found in Chapter 197 of the Oregon Revised Statutes was adopted by the Oregon legislature for the following reasons: * To insure Oregon's liveability. * To conserve Oregon's resources for citizens today and for tomorrow. * To provide for Oregon's orderly development. Senate Bill 100 created the Land Conservation and Development Commission (L.C.D.C.) and the Department of Land Conservation and Development (D.L.C.D.) to carry out the intent of SB 100 through the Comprehensive Planning Process. Therefore, the State of Oregon has mandated the following responsibilities: * It is the responsibility of each City and each County to prepare and adopt its own Comprehensive Plan. * It is the responsibility of each citizen to participate in the planning process. * It is the responsibility of State and Federal Agencies and special districts to work with and assist the cities and counties to incorporate their respective plans' into local Comprehensive Plans. * It is the responsibility of the L.C.D.C. to insure that the statutes and the State-wide Goals have been met. To this end, throughout the planning period, there have been countless numbers of citizens, professional planners, City and County Planning Commissions, The Dalles City Council and the Wasco County Court who have participated in the development of The Dalles Comp- rehensive Plan. This document is the culmination of those efforts. It includes goal statements, policies, development guidelines and implementation procedures to carry out the plan. Goal #3 (Agricultural Lands) and #4 (Forest Lands) do not apply to The Dalles planning as far as land management is concerned and are not included as a part of the plan. State-wide goals addressed as part of the Comprehensive Plan are described on the index page preceding each section containing the background information and local goals and policies. HISTORY OF THE DALLES Early History Archeologists have established that The Dalles Area was first inhabited by nomadic hunters. Evidence unearthed by archeo- logists indicates that these people existed in this area contin- uously from around 10,000 B.C. until the 1800's when the White Man made his appearance. Around 6000 B.C., the tribe now known as the Wascos settled in the vicinity of Big Eddy, where they dominated the area's trade. Definite evidence exists that the tribe stayed at the site from 6000 B.C. to about 1400 A.D. On the Washington side of the river excavation of the Wakemap Mound reveals that this tribe became reestablished there between 600 and 800 A.D. Indian villages near this site are described by Lewis and Clark during their visits in 1805 and 1806. One of the most interesting of the tribes was the Tenino. The Teninos established a village at the head of Fivemile Rapids about 11,000 years ago, and remained there from 9000 B.C. to 6000 B.C., and again from 5000 B.C. to 1820 A.D. The break in residence is believed to be due to volcanic activity and periodic dry spells which eliminated much of the local wildlife. It was this tribal group that left the fascinating petroglyphs for posterity. These pictures carved in rock are truly an irreplaceable cultural resource and a genuine "window" to the past. The largest of the tribal groups to inhabit The Dalles area was the Wasco tribe. This group dominated the area because they could rely on the annual salmon runs for a constant food and trade item source. Due to their central location they played an important part in the trading patterns of the Pacific Northwest; with members of various tribes coming from as far away as what is now British Columbia, Cali- fornia, and Idaho. The Indians assembled to trade at least once a year to Winquatt, which is now known as The Dalles. The Wascos prospered until the coming of the White Man. A1 though the Wascos always remained at peace with the settlers serving as army scouts, workmen, and generally peaceful neighbors, they were decimated by diseases and were driven off their land by the early settlers. Finally in 1855, under increasing pressure from the Federal government, the Wascos deeded their land to the United States in return for promises of fishing and grazing rights and title to reservation lands. Although at peace with the whites, the Wascos actively engaged in war- fare. On at least one occasion they are reported to have celebrated a victory dance in The Dal les, complete with scalps taken during a fight with an enemy tribe. This dance is supposed to have lasted all night and was believed to have taken place in or near the Core Area cf this City . Settlement The coming of the white man brought many changes to the area. Little of the heritage left by the first settlers (Wascos, Teninos, Wakemaps, etc.) is left for us to see and/or understand today. It is important that the petroglyphs, headwork, and other artifacts of the area's early cultures be preserved for the benefit of future generations. The first recorded white men to visit The Dalles were the members of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. The expedition party passed down the Washington side of the Columbia in 1805, returned via the Oregon side is 1806, and camped near the mouth of Mill Creek. The party spent October 25 and 26, 1805, at the camp near the present Core Area and named it "Fort Rock"; while camped they traded for supplies and horses needed for their return to the East. The next white men to visit the area were the fur trappers and traders who came to take advantage of the annual Indian trading period. It was during this period (approximately 1811) that the French-Canadian trappers of the Hudson Bay Company gave the name "Le Dalle" to what later became known as the Fivemile Rapids. The name "Le Dalle" became the accepted name for the entire area and was later changed to "The Dalles". In 1820 the Hudson Bay Company established a trading post at The Dalles, to take advantage of the location as a trading site ensuring their monopoly of the Pacific Northwest trade. This post was not as beneficial as expected, however, and was later abandoned. Following in the footsteps of the traders came the missionaries. In 1838 the Methodists established a mission at The Dalles. It is said that the early missionaries used to preach to the Indians from a natural stone pulpit, Pulpit Rock, which is still located in the City and used each year during Easter sunrise services . The Methodists were followed by the Catholics who built a mission in 1848. Many years passed, however, before additional churches became established. In 1859 the Congregational Church was organized and the Articles of Incorporation filed in 1867. The First Baptist Church in- corporated in 1873. The First Episcopal Church was constructed