Selim Ilçe Merkezi'nin Beşeri Ve Iktisadi Coğrafyasi

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Selim Ilçe Merkezi'nin Beşeri Ve Iktisadi Coğrafyasi SELİM İLÇE MERKEZİ’NİN BEŞERİ VE İKTİSADİ COĞRAFYASI Coşkun POLAT Yüksek Lisans Tezi Coğrafya Anabilim Dalı Prof. Dr. Hasbi SOYLU 2014 Her hakkı saklıdır. ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ COĞRAFYA ANABİLİM DALI Coşkun POLAT SELİM İLÇE MERKEZİ’NİN BEŞERİ VE İKTİSADİ COĞRAFYASI YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ TEZ YÖNETİCİSİ Prof. Dr. Hasbi SOYLU ERZURUM - 2014 III I İÇİNDEKİLER ÖZET .............................................................................................................................. IV ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... V SİMGELER VE KISALTMALAR DİZİNİ ............................................................... VI ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ .................................................................................................... VII TABLOLAR DİZİNİ .................................................................................................VIII HARİTALAR DİZİNİ ................................................................................................... X FOTOĞRAFLAR DİZİNİ ........................................................................................... XI ÖNSÖZ ......................................................................................................................... XII GİRİŞ ............................................................................................................................... 1 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM FİZİKİ COĞRAFYA ÖZELLİKLERİ 1.1. YERŞEKİLLERİ ..................................................................................................... 6 1.2. İKLİM ÖZELLİKLERİ ........................................................................................ 13 1.2.1. Sıcaklık .............................................................................................................. 15 1.2.2. Basınç ve Rüzgâr ............................................................................................. 19 1.2.3. Nem ve Bulutluluk ........................................................................................... 24 1.2.4. Yağışlar ............................................................................................................. 28 1.3. DOĞAL BİTKİ ÖRTÜSÜ ..................................................................................... 33 1.4. HİDROGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLER ........................................................................ 35 1.5. TOPRAK ÖZELLİKLERİ ................................................................................... 39 1.5.1. Alüvyal Topraklar ........................................................................................... 40 1.5.2. Kestane Renkli Topraklar ............................................................................... 40 1.5.3. Kolüvyal Topraklar ......................................................................................... 41 1.5.4. Kireçsiz Kahverengi Topraklar ...................................................................... 41 1.5.5. Bazaltik Topraklar .......................................................................................... 42 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM BEŞERİ COĞRAFYA ÖZELLİKLERİ 2.1. NÜFUSUN GELİŞİMİ ve NÜFUS HAREKETLERİ ......................................... 44 2.1.1. Nüfusun Tarihi Gelişimi .................................................................................. 44 II 2.1.2. Giriş ................................................................................................................... 45 2.1.3. Nüfus Hareketleri ............................................................................................ 46 2.1.3.1. Nüfus Artışı ................................................................................................ 46 2.1.3.2. Doğumlar ve Ölümler ................................................................................ 49 2.1.3.3. Göçler .......................................................................................................... 50 2.1.3.3.1. Dış Göçler ............................................................................................. 51 2.1.3.3.2. İç Göçler ............................................................................................... 53 2.1.4. Nüfusun Sosyal ve Ekonomik Özellikleri ...................................................... 55 2.1.4.1. Nüfusun Sosyal Özellikleri ........................................................................ 55 2.1.4.1.1. Yaş ve Cinsiyet Yapısı ......................................................................... 55 2.1.4.1.2. Nüfusun Eğitim ve Kültür Özellikleri ................................................ 59 2.1.4.1.3. Nüfusun Beslenme ve Sağlık Durumu ............................................... 63 2.1.5. Nüfusun Ekonomik Özellikleri ....................................................................... 64 2.1.5.1. İktisaden Faal Olan Nüfus ........................................................................ 64 2.1.5.2. İktisaden Faal Olmayan Nüfus ................................................................. 64 2.2. YERLEŞME ........................................................................................................... 65 2.2.1. Selim İlçe Merkezinin Şekil ve Tip Yönünden Ayrımı ................................. 66 2.2.1.1. Şekil İtibariyle Selim İlçesi ........................................................................ 66 2.2.1.2. Tip İtibariyle Selim İlçesi .......................................................................... 68 2.2.2. Mesken ve Mesken Tipleri .............................................................................. 69 2.2.2.1. Eski Tip Meskenler .................................................................................... 69 2.2.2.2. Yeni Tip Meskenler .................................................................................... 72 2.2.3. Selim Ilçe Merkezinin Fonksiyon Alanlari .................................................... 74 2.2.3.1. Oturma Alanı .............................................................................................. 74 2.2.3.2. İşyeri ve Ticari Alanlar .............................................................................. 74 2.2.3.3. İdari Alanlar ............................................................................................... 77 2.2.3.4. Sanayii ve Ticaret Alanları ........................................................................ 78 2.2.3.5. Eğitim ve Kültür Sahaları ......................................................................... 79 2.2.3.6. Sağlık Alanları ............................................................................................ 81 2.2.3.7. Yeşil Alanlar ............................................................................................... 82 III ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM SELİM İLÇE MERKEZİ’NİN EKONOMİK COĞRAFYASI 3.1. ARAZİ BÖLÜNÜŞÜ ve ARAZİDEN FAYDALANMA .................................... 86 3.1.1.Tarım Alanları .................................................................................................. 87 3.1.2. Otlak Alanları .................................................................................................. 88 3.1.3. Yerleşim Alanları ............................................................................................. 89 3.2. TARIMSAL FAALİYETLER ve HAYVANCILIK ........................................... 89 3.2.1. Yetiştirilen Tahıl Ürünleri .............................................................................. 89 3.2.1.1. Buğday ......................................................................................................... 90 3.2.1.2. Arpa ............................................................................................................. 90 3.2.2. Yem Bitkileri .................................................................................................... 91 3.2.2.1. Fiğ ................................................................................................................ 91 3.2.2.2. Korunga ...................................................................................................... 91 3.2.3. Endüstri Bitkileri ............................................................................................. 92 3.2.4. Sebze tarımı ...................................................................................................... 92 3.3. HAYVANCILIK .................................................................................................... 92 3.3.1. Büyükbaş Hayvancılık ..................................................................................... 93 3.3.2. Kümes Hayvancılığı ......................................................................................... 95 3.3.3. Arıcılık .............................................................................................................. 95 3.4. ULAŞIM ve HABERLEŞME ................................................................................ 96 3.4.1. Karayolları ....................................................................................................... 97 3.4.2. Demiryolları ................................................................................................... 102 3.5. SANAYİ FAALİYETLERİ ................................................................................. 103 3.6. TURİZM FAALİYETLERİ ................................................................................ 105 DÖRDÜNCÜ BÖLÜM ARAŞTIRMA SAHASININ TEMEL SORUNLARI VE ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ 4.1. DOĞAL ÇEVRE
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