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Documento (7.877Mb) IMPROVING THE IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITY AREAS FOR CONSERVING NEOTROPICAL BIODIVERSITY: ASSESSING UNCERTAINTIES IN SPATIAL CONSERVATION PRIORITIZATION Jaime Burbano-Girón IMPROVING THE IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITY AREAS FOR CONSERVING NEOTROPICAL BIODIVERSITY: ASSESSING UNCERTAINTIES IN SPATIAL CONSERVATION PRIORITIZATION Jaime Burbano-Girón Thesis submitted as a requirement for the degree of: Ph.D., en Estudios Ambientales y Rurales Thesis Director: Dr., Andrés Etter Rothlisberger Departamento de Ecología y Territorio Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá, Colombia Thesis Advisors: Dr., Kerstin Jantke Dr., Nicolás Urbina-Cardona Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change Departamento de Ecología y Territorio Hamburg University Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Hamburg, Germany Bogotá, Colombia Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales Doctorado en Estudios Ambientales y Rurales Bogotá, D.C., Colombia October, 2019 Acknowledgments I am grateful to the Administrative Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Colciencias) for funding my doctorate studies, and to the Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana for offering me the tools and the occasions to discuss and develop this research in the best way possible, I consider it my home. I am also grateful indeed to the Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH) and all my colleagues from the Evaluation and Monitoring Program for all the support during the final steps of this process. I want to especially thank Andrés Etter for the constant exchange of ideas, but particularly for being patient and understanding during the process of this thesis. Many thanks to Nicolás Urbina for being an excellent advisor, and for his support in the discussion and writing of this thesis. I also want to thank Tania Urquiza for supporting my internship at the Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) in México, and for her ideas in the first steps of this thesis. Finally, I want to give many thanks to Kerstin Jantke for all the support and significant contribution to this work through her expertise in conservation planning, and for hosting me at the Hamburg University in Germany. I am very grateful to all the close people who helped me greatly during this time. To Andrea and my other Ph.D. colleagues. To Lina for critically reading the manuscript and providing suggestions that helped improve and clarify it. To Bibiana for her sharing and support during the writing process. To Maria Cecilia for being understanding with the completion of my thesis in this last year at Humboldt Institute. To Maria Isabel and Camilo for all your support and knowledge in data science. And thanks to Ana, for her friendship and all her sincere help. I want to give special thanks to my friends and colleagues Natalia Buriticá and Maria Alejandra Molina for accept to be part of this thesis and for her permanent support during this research. Finally, many thanks to my mother for her love and strength for so many years… And of course, thanks to Nicolás and Simona just for being their father. Contents ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................................. 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 4 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................................................ 4 THE SPATIAL CONSERVATION PRIORITIZATION PRINCIPLES ........................................................................................................ 5 The representation principle.................................................................................................................................. 5 The persistence principle ....................................................................................................................................... 6 The cost-efficiency principle .................................................................................................................................. 8 REDUCING UNCERTAINTY IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF SPATIAL CONSERVATION PRIORITIES ............................................................... 9 OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................................................. 10 OVERVIEW OF THESIS STRUCTURE .................................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 1. AN ASSESSMENT OF SPATIAL CONSERVATION PRIORITIES FOR BIODIVERSITY ATTRIBUTES: COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE, AND FUNCTION OF NEOTROPICAL BIODIVERSITY ....................................................13 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................................... 13 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................ 14 METHOD .................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Study area ........................................................................................................................................................... 16 Construction of biodiversity attributes ................................................................................................................ 17 Composition ....................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Structure ............................................................................................................................................................................ 18 Function ............................................................................................................................................................................. 18 Comparison of biodiversity attributes approaches .............................................................................................. 19 Spatial conservation prioritization ..................................................................................................................................... 19 Comparison of approaches ................................................................................................................................................ 19 RESULTS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 21 Differences in biodiversity attributes and the type of area at the Neotropical level ........................................... 21 Differences in biodiversity attributes and the type of area at the regional level ................................................ 25 Critical conservation areas for the conservation of Neotropical biodiversity ...................................................... 30 DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................................................................. 30 Differences in biodiversity attributes approaches ............................................................................................... 30 Differences in the type of conservation areas ..................................................................................................... 31 Critical conservation areas for the conservation of Neotropical biodiversity ...................................................... 32 CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................................................................................. 32 SUPPLEMENTARY DATA .................................................................................................................................................. 34 CHAPTER 2. UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECT OF INCLUDING COSTS AND PERSISTENCE IN SPATIAL CONSERVATION PRIORITIZATION: AN ANALYSIS OF THE LAND-SHARING/SPARING FRAMEWORK IN THE NEOTROPICS .................48 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................ 48 METHOD .................................................................................................................................................................... 50 Study area ........................................................................................................................................................... 50 Spatial conservation prioritization ...................................................................................................................... 51 Construction of costs approaches........................................................................................................................ 52 Landscape transformation ................................................................................................................................................
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