DOCSLIB.ORG

Germinación De Ferocactus Townsendianus Britton & Rose. Con

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Germinación De Ferocactus Townsendianus Britton & Rose. Con issn 1665-4412, e-issn 2521-9758 Número 79: 44-51, enero-abril 2020 Guillén-Trujillo, A., Ávalos-Castro, R., Espinoza- Villavicencio, J. L., Ortega-Pérez, R., & Palacios- 44 Espinosa, A. Germinación de Ferocactus townsendianus Britton & Rose. con escarificación de semillas sometidas a diferentes tiempos de almacenamiento Germination of Ferocactus townsendianus Britton & Rose. with scarification of seeds subjected to different storage times Ariel Guillén-Trujillo*, Raúl Ávalos-Castro**, José Luis Espinoza- Villavicencio*, Ricardo Ortega-Pérez*, Alejandro Palacios-Espinosa** Guillén-Trujillo, A., Ávalos-Castro, R., Espinoza-Villavicencio, J. L., Ortega-Pérez, R., & Palacios-Espinosa, A. (2020). Germinación de Ferocactus townsendianus Britton & Rose. con escarificación de semillas sometidas a diferentes tiempos de almacenamiento. Investigación y Ciencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, 28(79), 44-51. RESUMEN de almacenamiento, siendo en términos generales mejor el H2S04, este tratamiento también aumentó la germinación (P <0.05) de las semillas con 11 años Se evaluó el efecto del tiempo de almacenamiento de almacenamiento. El resto de las semillas no pre- y seis tratamientos de escarificación sobre la germi- sentó diferencias (P >0.05) entre los procedimientos. nación de semillas de Ferocactus townsendianus. El realizado con agua tuvo una germinación nula. Dos procedimientos a base de ácido sulfúrico Se concluye que los llevados a cabo con H2S04 y (H2SO4), dos con ácido clorhídrico (HCl), uno con HCl son recomendables para romper la latencia de agua y uno testigo fueron comparados usando semillas con tiempos de almacenamiento entre 1 y un modelo lineal con mediciones repetidas en 11 años, siendo mejor la respuesta con H2S04. el tiempo y contrastes ortogonales. El H2S04 y HCl aumentaron la germinación (P <0.05) en relación con el testigo, en las semillas con 1, 2, 3, 6 y 9 años ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effect of storage time and six scarification treatments on seed germination of Palabras clave: Cactaceae; Ferocactus townsen- Ferocactus townsendianus. Two treatments based dianus; germinación; tratamientos de escarifica- on sulfuric acid (H2SO4), two with hydrochloric acid ción; almacenamiento de semilla. (HCl), one with water and one as control group, Keywords: Cactaceae; Ferocactus townsendianus; were compared using a linear model with repeated germination; scarification treatments; seed storage. measurements over time and orthogonal contrasts. H2SO4 and HCl increased germination (P <0.05) in relation to the control, in seeds with 1, 2, 3, 6 and 9 Recibido: 9 de enero de 2019 Aceptado: 3 de octubre de 2019 years of storage, H2SO4 being generally better, this treatment also increased germination (P <0.05) of * Departamento de Ciencia Animal y Conservación del Hábitat, the seeds with 11 years of storage. The rest of the Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur. Carretera al Sur km 5.5, La seeds did not show differences (P <0.05) between Paz, C. P. 23080, Baja California Sur, México. Correo electrónico: guillen@ uabcs.mx; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]. the treatments. The water treatment had zero ger- ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000- 0002-2497-7540; http://orcid.org/0000- mination. It is concluded that treatments with H2SO4 0001-8609-8325; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3718-9439; http://orcid. org/0000-0002-4726-4164 and HCl are recommended to break seed dorman- ** Centro de Investigación Regional del Noroeste campo experimental cy with storage times between 1 and 11 years, the Todos Santos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas response with H SO being better. y Pecuarias. Agricultura s/n, Col. Emiliano Zapata, C. P. 23070, La Paz, 2 4 B. C. S., México. Correo electrónico: [email protected]. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-1444 * Autor para correspondencia Número 79: 44-51, enero-abril 2020 issn 1665-4412, e-issn 2521-9758 Guillén-Trujillo, A., Ávalos-Castro, R., Espinoza- Villavicencio, J. L., Ortega-Pérez, R., & Palacios- Espinosa, A. 45 INTRODUCCIÓN & Trejo, 2004; Flores, Jurado, & Jiménez-Bremont, 2008; Flores-Martínez, Manzanero-M., Rojas-Aréchi- ga, Mandujano, & Golubov, 2008a; Flores-Martínez, Las cactáceas son una familia interesante debido Manzanero-M., Rojas-Aréchiga, Mandujano, & Go- a las variadas adaptaciones que han desarrollado lubov, 2008b). para permanecer en hábitats con condiciones extremas de aridez y a que el número de especies oscila entre 1,500 y 2,000, distribuidas desde el Las condiciones favorables para el estableci- norte de Canadá hasta la Patagonia en Argentina miento de las cactáceas debe ser una combinación (Rojas-Aréchiga & Vázquez-Yanes, 2000). Algunos definida de luz, temperatura y humedad del suelo autores (Gómez-Hinostrosa & Hernández, 2000; Her- (Flores, Jurado, & Arredondo, 2006), condiciones nández & Godínez, 1994) coinciden en que la mayor que pueden no ocurrir todos los años (De la Barrera concentración de cactáceas está en México con & Nobel, 2003), también influyen la latencia en las un total de 48 géneros y 563 especies reconocidas, semillas y la forma de romperla, el tamaño y la com- de los cuales 15 tienen una distribución geográfica petencia entre las mismas y el efecto del tiempo de restringida y 20 son casi endémicos, mencionando almacenamiento (Flores & Jurado, 2011). Ayala Cor- que los principales centros de distribución son el dero et al. (2004) mencionan que las semillas recién desierto de Chihuahua, desierto de Sonora (Sonora, cosechadas germinan mejor que las almacenadas; Baja California y Baja California Sur), en el Tehuacán sin embargo, Flores et al. (2008) mencionan que hay Cuicatlán y Valles (Puebla y Oaxaca), en la región especies que lo hacen en mayor porcentaje después mixteca (Puebla y Oaxaca), en el sur extremo del de un tiempo de almacenamiento. Algunas semillas Istmo de Tehuantepec (Oaxaca) y en la cuenca solo requieren de humedad y luz, mientras que del Balsas (Guerrero y Michoacán), se continúa otras necesitan escarificación (Navarro Carbajal, explorando esta familia encontrando nuevos es- Saldívar Sánchez, & Eliosa León, 2010). Se han hecho pecímenes en regiones inesperadas (Scheinvar, numerosos trabajos sobre cactáceas para evaluar Olalde-Parra, & Gallegos-Vázquez, 2015). el efecto de diferentes tratamientos de luz, tempe- ratura y escarificación (Álvarez Aguirre & Montaña, 1997; Bárcenas-Argüello, López-Mata, Terrazas, & Las cactáceas en México son un grupo represen- García Moya, 2013; Méndez, 2011; Rojas-Aréchiga, tativo de las zonas áridas que actualmente presenta Mandujano, & Golubov, 2013; Ruiz González, Rojas problemas de conservación debido a la sobreex- Aréchiga, & Mandujano, 2011; Sánchez-Soto et al., plotación y el saqueo de los que han sido objeto en 2010). todo el país (Meza-Rangel, Tafoya, Lindig-Cisneros, Sigala-Rodríguez, & Pérez-Molphe-Balch, 2014). Son más vulnerables en las fases de crecimiento y esta- La edad de la semilla tiene sin duda influencia blecimiento de las plántulas, ya que pueden verse en la tasa de germinación (Flores & Jurado, 2009). afectadas por el estrés ambiental, la competencia, Rojas-Aréchiga y Vázquez-Yanes (2000) mencionan que la escarificación con ácido giberélico (C H O ) la depredación y las enfermedades (Sánchez-Soto, 19 22 6 Reyes-Olivas, García-Moya, & Terrazas, 2010), a lo puede incrementar el porcentaje de germinación anterior hay que agregar una distribución geográ- en algunas cactáceas. La de semillas de la especie fica restringida, ciclos de vida largos y bajas tasas Mammillaria zephyranthoides requiere una escarifi- cación ácida con ácido sulfúrico (H SO ) por 5 min, de crecimiento (Godínez-Álvarez, Valverde, & Orte- 2 4 ga-Baes, 2003; Hernández & Godínez, 1994). lo que resulta en un aumento en el porcentaje del proceso germinativo en comparación con el agua a 50 ºC por 5 min (Navarro Carbajal, Cervantes La forma, el tamaño y características estructura- Olvera, & Lázaro Castellanos, 2008), lo que sugiere les de la semilla son las que definen a los diferentes que probablemente las semillas requieran pasar por géneros de cactáceas (Barthlott & Hunt, 2000; el tracto digestivo de algún herbívoro para generar Sánchez-Salas, Flores, & Martínez-García, 2006). nuevas plántulas (Navarro Carbajal & Juárez Tentle, Considerar las características inherentes a la semilla, 2006). como la generación o no de bancos en el suelo, el tamaño, el peso, la edad, la densidad y la dureza son factores que tienen que ver con la germinación, el Sin embargo, en especies como Mammilaria establecimiento de las plántulas y la morfología de pectinifera y Ferocactus robustus, los tratamientos con escarificación con H SO , agua, estimuladores las cactáceas (Ayala Cordero, Terrazas, López Mata, 2 4 issn 1665-4412, e-issn 2521-9758 Número 79: 44-51, enero-abril 2020 Guillén-Trujillo, A., Ávalos-Castro, R., Espinoza- Villavicencio, J. L., Ortega-Pérez, R., & Palacios- 46 Espinosa, A. de germinación como el C19H22O6 e inhibidores de Los tratamientos de escarificación usados fueron 1) letargo a bajas temperaturas (4 ºC por una sema- Inmersión en H2SO4 durante 1 min, 2) inmersión en na), no favorecen la germinación (Navarro Carbajal H2SO4 durante 2 min, 3) inmersión en ácido clorhídri- & González, 2007). Navarro et al. (2008) mencionan co (HCl) a 1 N durante 1 h, 4) inmersión en HCl a 2 N que en semillas de la especie Mammillaria hamata, durante 1 h, 5) inmersión en agua a 80 °C durante 5 tratadas con H2SO4 por 2 min y sumergidas en Tween min y 6) testigo. por 3 min, obtuvieron 100% de germinación contra 90% para las semillas tratadas con agua y las testigo, Para la esterilización de las semillas se usó hipo- y en semillas de la especie Mammillaria sphacelata clorito de sodio (NaOCl) a 25%, después se enjuaga- lograron 92% de germinación con agua a 50 ºC por ron en agua y se secaron a temperatura ambiente. 2 y 4 min, contra 83% en semillas tratadas con H2SO4 El experimento inició el 22 de mayo de 2015 con y 78% en semillas testigo; sin embargo, estas diferen- las lecturas de germinación diarias por la mañana cias no fueron significativas (P >0.125). durante 25 días, se consideró que tuvo lugar la ger- minación al aparecer la radícula.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Zonas Aridas Nº14
    Centro de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima - Perú Zonas Áridas Publicada por el Centro de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas (CIZA) Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Published by the Center for Arid Lands Research (CIZA) National Agrarian University La Molina Director/ Director MSc. Juan Torres Guevara Editor Invitado/Guest Editor Dr. Heraldo Peixoto da Silva Editores/Editors Editor en jefe - MSc (c). Sonia María González Molina Dra. María de los Ángeles La Torre-Cuadros Dr (c). Reynaldo Linares-Palomino Comité Científico/Scientific Committee Dr. Eugene N. Anderson University of California Riverside, EUA Programa Bosques Mexicanos WWF, México E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Dra. Norma Hilgert Dr. Alejandro Casas Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Técnicas, Argentina Autónoma de México, México E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Dra. Egleé López Zent Dr. Gerald A. Islebe Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, México Venezuela E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Dra. María Nery Urquiza Rodríguez Dr. Antonio Galán de Mera Grupo Nacional de Lucha contra de la Desertifica- Universidad San Pablo CEU, España ción y la Sequía, Cuba E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Carlos Galindo-Leal PhD. Toby Pennington Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Tropical Diversity Section E-mail: [email protected] Diseñadora/ Designer Gaby Matsumoto Información General/ General Information Zonas Áridas publica una vez al año artículos referentes a los diversos aspectos de las zonas áridas y semiáridas a nivel mundial, con la finalidad de contribuir al mejor conocimiento de sus componentes naturales y sociales, y al manejo adecuado de sus recursos.
    [Show full text]
  • South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae)
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) Lendel, Anita Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-93287 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Lendel, Anita. South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae). 2013, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) _________________________________________________________________________________ Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr.sc.nat.) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich von Anita Lendel aus Kroatien Promotionskomitee: Prof. Dr. H. Peter Linder (Vorsitz) PD. Dr. Reto Nyffeler Prof. Dr. Elena Conti Zürich, 2013 Table of Contents Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 3 Chapter 1. Phylogenetics and taxonomy of the tribe Cereeae s.l., with particular focus 15 on the subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae – Cactoideae) Chapter 2. Floral evolution in the South American tribe Cereeae s.l. (Cactaceae: 53 Cactoideae): Pollination syndromes in a comparative phylogenetic context Chapter 3. Contemporaneous and recent radiations of the world’s major succulent 86 plant lineages Chapter 4. Tackling the molecular dating paradox: underestimated pitfalls and best 121 strategies when fossils are scarce Outlook and Future Research 207 Curriculum Vitae 209 Summary 211 Zusammenfassung 213 Acknowledgments I really believe that no one can go through the process of doing a PhD and come out without being changed at a very profound level.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Fruits, Seeds and Germination in Five Species of Globose Cacteae
    Interciencia ISSN: 0378-1844 [email protected] Asociación Interciencia Venezuela Loza Cornejo, Sofía; Terrazas, Teresa; López Mata, Lauro Fruits, seeds and germination in five species of globose Cacteae (Cactaceae) Interciencia, vol. 37, núm. 3, marzo, 2012, pp. 197-203 Asociación Interciencia Caracas, Venezuela Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=33922725006 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative FRUITS, SEEDS AND GERMINATION IN FIVE SPECIES OF GLOBOSE CACTEAE (CACTACEAE) Sofía Loza-Cornejo, Teresa Terrazas and Lauro López-Mata SUMMARY The morphological characteristics of fruits and seeds, and the weight, and fruit width. Larger fruits with more seeds are ob- germination responses of freshly matured seeds of five species of served for F. histrix, whereas smaller fruits with less weight and Cacteae (Coryphantha bumamma, C. clavata, C. cornifera, Fero- fewer seeds are seen for C. clavata. Seed germination is a rapid cactus histrix and Mammillaria uncinata) were studied at room process and usually starts on the third day. High percentages of temperature under laboratory conditions. The aim of the study germination (>80%) are observed on the sixth day in F. histrix was to record the macro- and micro-morphology of fruits and and M. uncinata. It is concluded that some morphological cha- seeds of these species and to investigate specific requirements racteristics of fruits and seeds can be used to support further for germination. Variance analysis detected significant differen- systematic studies of Cactoideae genera and will contribute new ces (p<0.05) for several variables: number of seeds per fruit, knowledge for their potential use and conservation.
    [Show full text]
  • Caryophyllales: a Key Group for Understanding Wood
    Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 164, 342–393. With 21 figures Caryophyllales: a key group for understanding wood anatomy character states and their evolutionboj_1095 342..393 SHERWIN CARLQUIST FLS* Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, 1212 Mission Canyon Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93110, USA Received 13 May 2010; accepted for publication 28 September 2010 Definitions of character states in woods are softer than generally assumed, and more complex for workers to interpret. Only by a constant effort to transcend the limitations of glossaries can a more than partial understanding of wood anatomy and its evolution be achieved. The need for such an effort is most evident in a major group with sufficient wood diversity to demonstrate numerous problems in wood anatomical features. Caryophyllales s.l., with approximately 12 000 species, are such a group. Paradoxically, Caryophyllales offer many more interpretive problems than other ‘typically woody’ eudicot clades of comparable size: a wider range of wood structural patterns is represented in the order. An account of character expression diversity is presented for major wood characters of Caryophyllales. These characters include successive cambia (more extensively represented in Caryophyllales than elsewhere in angiosperms); vessel element perforation plates (non-bordered and bordered, with and without constrictions); lateral wall pitting of vessels (notably pseudoscalariform patterns); vesturing and sculpturing on vessel walls; grouping of vessels; nature of tracheids and fibre-tracheids, storying in libriform fibres, types of axial parenchyma, ray anatomy and shifts in ray ontogeny; juvenilism in rays; raylessness; occurrence of idioblasts; occurrence of a new cell type (ancistrocladan cells); correlations of raylessness with scattered bundle occurrence and other anatomical discoveries newly described and/or understood through the use of scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy.
    [Show full text]
  • Cactaceae) with Special Emphasis on the Genus Mammillaria Charles A
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2003 Phylogenetic studies of Tribe Cacteae (Cactaceae) with special emphasis on the genus Mammillaria Charles A. Butterworth Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Botany Commons, and the Genetics Commons Recommended Citation Butterworth, Charles A., "Phylogenetic studies of Tribe Cacteae (Cactaceae) with special emphasis on the genus Mammillaria " (2003). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 565. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/565 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
    [Show full text]
  • Myxomycetes Associated with Dryland Ecosystems of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley Biosphere Reserve, Mexico
    Fungal Diversity Myxomycetes associated with dryland ecosystems of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley Biosphere Reserve, Mexico Estrada-Torres, A.1, Wrigley de Basanta, D.2, Conde, E.1 and Lado, C.2* 1Centro de investigación en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Apartado Postal 183, Tlaxcala 90,000, Tlaxcala, México. 2Departamento de Micología. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo, 2. 28014 Madrid. Spain. Estrada-Torres, A., Wrigley de Basanta, D., Conde, E. and Lado, C. (2009). Myxomycetes associated with dryland ecosystems of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. Fungal Diversity 36: 17-56. The results of a biodiversity survey of a xeric Mexican Biosphere Reserve are presented. This survey represents the first intensive study of cacti and succulent plants ever carried out for myxomycetes. The results include 104 species and one variety, identified from 1200 records from field and moist chamber culture collections. Two new species (Didymium tehuacanense and Perichaena stipitata), found on decayed remains of succulent plants, are described. Eleven species (Comatricha reticulospora, Cribraria lepida, Didymium clavodecus, D. eremophilum, D. orthonemata, D. sturgisii, D. subreticulosporum, Licea belmontiana, Macbrideola oblonga, M. synsporos and Perichaena quadrata) are new records for the Neotropics, and seven others taxa have not been recorded previously from Mexico. Taxonomic comments, data on distribution and SM, LM and SEM micrographs of selected species are included. An analysis of the relationships that exist between myxomycetes and the substrates on which they develop confirms the presence of a distinct assemblage of myxomycetes associated with specific plants from arid environments. Hypotheses are proposed for the patterns of species distribution and the ecological requirements of this specialised myxobiota.
    [Show full text]
  • Dave Palzkill: Biography
    Cental Spine May 2015 Newsletter of the Central Arizona Cactus & Succulent Society An Affiliate of the Cactus & Succulent Society of America On the Web at www.centralarizonacactus.org Articles 2015 CACSS Meeting President’s Letter Library Notes 2 pm, Sunday, May 31 th Presenter: 50 Annual CSSA Show & Sale 2015 CACSS Show Winners David Palzkill: PhD Photos of the 2015 Show & Sale Presentation: Adenium Please send articles for the newsletter Propagation and Care CACSS 2015 Meeting Schedule Plant Questions??? Whom To Contact!!! Presentation: Adenium propagation, care and comments on some varieties The presentation will include discussions of various propagation techniques, re-potting, pruning and pest-control. Dave Palzkill: Biography I was raised on a mixed beef/hog/chicken farm in the hill country of southwest Wisconsin near the former mining town of Mineral Point. I majored in Horticulture and Plant Pathology at the University of Wisconsin - Madison. During my graduate studies I also spent eight months at the University of California - Davis, a time which awakened my interest in the dry west. My dissertation research at Madison focused on the influence of environment on Ca-transport and Ca-related disorders of vegetable crops. I taught Horticulture and Agronomy courses at the University of Arizona for 14 years and conducted research on new/alternative crops for dry regions; primarily jojoba, but also low water-requiring landscape/ornamental plants and mesquite for energy production. Since 1990, I have worked as a consultant on new crops projects (jojoba, chia, lesquerella, mesquite, moringa) in several countries. For the past 15 years, I have also managed a nursery in northwest Tucson specializing in Adenium, but also including lots of Pedilanthus (Lady's Slipper) and miscellaneous cacti., especially small-padded/jointed Opuntioids, which I first fell in love with on travels in various South American countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Alelopatía Diferencial Entre Los Géneros De
    MARCELA AVENDAÑO-GONZÁLEZ1, ERNESTO I. BADANO1,3, JORGE E. RAMÍREZ- ALBORES1, JOEL FLORES1, JORGE A. FLORES-CANO2 Abstract The Peruvian peppertree (Schinus molle) is a dioecious species from South America that was introduced into central Mexico fve centuries ago. This tree has invaded abandoned agricultural felds from semiarid regions, where it can be found with several native succulent plants that have recolonized these areas. Al- though peppertrees have negative allelopathic effects on crops, their effects on these native plants remain unknown. Indeed, the allelopathy of peppertrees has only been tested for female individuals, while the allelopathic potential of male peppertrees has not been assessed yet. This study focused on these issues and assessed whether peppertrees affect germination of succulent plants from the Chihuahuan Desert and whether these effects differ between male and female trees. For this we conducted a series of germina- tion bioassays where seeds of native species were watered with aqueous extracts of staminate fowers and leaves produced by male peppertrees, and with aqueous extracts of fruits and leaves produced by female peppertrees. Additionally, we conducted experiments where seeds of native species were sowed on soils collected beneath the canopy of both tree genders. The results of all these experiments indicated that both peppertree genders can reduce germination of native species, but also suggested that male peppertrees would have stronger allelopathic effects than female peppertrees. To our best knowledge, this is the frst study reporting allelopathic effects of peppertrees on native plants from Mexico, but this is also the frst study indicating differential gender effects for invasive dioecious species with allelopathic potential.
    [Show full text]
  • Posgrado En Ciencias Ambientales Efectos
    POSGRADO EN CIENCIAS AMBIENTALES EFECTOS INHIBITORIOS DE LA ESPECIE EXÓTICA SCHINUS MOLLE L. (ANACARDIACEAE) SOBRE LA GERMINACIÓN DE ESPECIES NATIVAS DE MÉXICO Tesis que presenta MARCELA AVENDAÑO GONZÁLEZ Para obtener el grado de Maestra en Ciencias Ambientales Director de tesis Dr. Ernesto Iván Badano San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. Agosto de 2014 I Acta de Examen DEJAR ESTA PÁGINA EN BLANCO IV Agradecimientos Le doy gracias a mis padres, en especial a mi mamá porque sin su esfuerzo, dedicación y apoyo no sería la persona que soy. A mi hermana por siempre apoyarme y acompañarme. A mi familia. De manera muy especial, quiero agradecer a mi director de tesis, el Dr. Ernesto Iván Badano por todas las enseñanzas, consejos y motivaciones. Por sacarme de mi zona de confort, pero principalmente por dedicar tiempo y esfuerzo en mi. Al Dr Joel David Flores Rivas por los consejos, aporte y asesoría brindada para la presente tesis, así como por su disposición amable en todo momento. Al Dr Jorge Alberto Flores Cano por los aportes brindados a la presente tesis. A la División de Ciencias Ambientales del Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, así como a los profesores-investigadores por motivarme a aprender a lo largo del camino. Al CONACYT por el apoyo económico brindado para la realización de la maestría. A los técnicos de la División de Ciencias Ambientales, en especial al M. en C. Juan Pablo Rodas Ortíz por su ayuda, disposición y apoyo para la realización de los experimentos. Finalmente, me gustaría agradecer a mis compañeros de maestría: Esmeralda, Tonatiuh, Alejandra y Daniela, fue un placer haber compartido estos dos años con ustedes.
    [Show full text]
  • Cactus Island
    CACTUS ISLAND AFRICA - AMERICA - MADAGASCAR AMERICA’S CACTUS ISLAND This Agave is a spectacular hybrid of green leaves with a red margin. It can be planted in full sun or in sun-shade. It should be planted in well-drained soil and watered once a month. During winter it is advisable not to water it too much to increase its resistance to cold. It is advisable to avoid that the snow accumulates between the leaves. Tª min approx -8 / -10 ºC. AGAVE ARISTOCRAT Agave salmiana var. ferox (Agave ferox) is a variety of the agave of the Salmiana species belonging to the genus Agave and family Asparagaceae. The ferox subspecies is very close to the typical subspecies in terms of description and culture. It differs by having even thicker and stiffer blades, pointed ends (up to 8 cm) and even sharper lateral spines. This is why it is called by that name. Place of origin: Mexico. AGAVE FEROX NOTES: Agaves tolerate arid and semi-desert areas well, in fact, they are usually the only survivors in abandoned gardens. Ideal for plantations that do not need care or irrigation. They prefer sunny and airy places, with well-drained soils. Very little or no watering if the plant grows in full soil. In a pot, they should be watered but very little. Agave lophantha is a plant native to the deserts of Chihuahua and Sonora. It forms a rosette of coriaceous leaves or leaves up to 45cm high and 60cm wide, with jagged edges. The flowers appear grouped in reddish-yellow inflorescences up to 4m high.
    [Show full text]
  • A Phylogenetic Study of Ferocactus Britton and Rose (Cactaceae: Cactoideae) Jorge Hugo Cota-Sánchez Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1997 A phylogenetic study of Ferocactus Britton and Rose (Cactaceae: Cactoideae) Jorge Hugo Cota-Sánchez Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Botany Commons, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Other Genetics and Genomics Commons, and the Plant Breeding and Genetics Commons Recommended Citation Cota-Sánchez, Jorge Hugo, "A phylogenetic study of Ferocactus Britton and Rose (Cactaceae: Cactoideae) " (1997). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 11453. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/11453 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfihn master. TJMI fihns the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Agroforestry Systems and Conservation of Native Plant Diversity of Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests
    sustainability Article Traditional Agroforestry Systems and Conservation of Native Plant Diversity of Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests Francisco J. Rendón-Sandoval 1, Alejandro Casas 1,* , Ana I. Moreno-Calles 2 , Ignacio Torres-García 2 and Eduardo García-Frapolli 1 1 Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Morelia 58190, Mexico; [email protected] (F.J.R.-S.); [email protected] (E.G.-F.) 2 Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Morelia 58190, Mexico; [email protected] (A.I.M.-C.); [email protected] (I.T.-G.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +52-4433-222-703 Received: 17 April 2020; Accepted: 2 June 2020; Published: 4 June 2020 Abstract: Traditional agroforestry systems (TAFS), which integrate crops with wildlife, are important reservoirs of human culture and technical experiences with a high capacity for biodiversity conservation. Our study aimed to evaluate the capacity of TAFS to conserve the floristic diversity of tropical dry forests (TDF) in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Mexico. We compared TAFS and TDF by measuring their forest cover, floristic composition, and structure, in addition to documenting the motivations of people to maintain native vegetation in their agricultural fields. We conducted a restricted randomized sampling of perennial plant species, including nine sites of TAFS and nine of TDF to determine the alpha, beta, and gamma diversity. Furthermore, we conducted semi-structured interviews with peasants who managed the agricultural plots we studied. We also performed workshops with people of the communities where surveys were performed.
    [Show full text]