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Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Germany Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Germany This is one of the 53 country profiles covering developments in nutrition, physical activity and obesity in the WHO European Region. The full set of individual profiles and an overview report including methodology and summary can be downloaded from the WHO Regional Office for Europe website: http://www.euro.who.int/en/nutrition-country-profiles. © World Health Organization 2013 All rights reserved. DEMOGRAPHIC DATA Total population 81 373 000 Median age (years) 44.2 Life expectancy at birth (years) female | male 82.7 | 77.7 GDP per capita (US$) 43 918.0 GDP spent on health (%) 11.6 © iStockphoto Monitoring and surveillance PREVALENCE OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY (%) AMONG Overweight and obesity in three age groups GERMAN ADULTS BASED ON WHO 2008 ESTIMATES Adults (18/20 years and over) Intercountry comparable overweight and obesity estimates from 2008 (1) show 66.8 54.5 that 60.5% of the adult population (> 20 years old) in Germany were overweight and 25.1% were obese. The prevalence of overweight was higher among men (66.8%) than women (54.5%). The proportion of men and women that were obese was 25.9% and 24.4%, respectively. 25.9 24.4 Nationally representative data collected in 2008–2011 show that 67.1% of men Source: WHO Global Health Observatory Data Repository (1). and 53.0% of women aged 18–79 years were overweight (based on measured PREVALENCE OF OBESITY (%) (BMI ≥30.0 KG/M2) AMONG ADULTS IN THE WHO EUROPEAN REGION BASED ON WHO 2008 ESTIMATES 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 NO DATA ITA ISL IRL TJK ISR FIN LVA BIH LTU EST SVK PRT CZE ESP BEL AZE KAZ AUT CYP LUX BLR ALB KGZ FRA SVN POL SRB TUR UZB MLT RUS HRV UKR NLD CHE GRC GBR BGR DNK AND DEU GEO TKM ROU HUN NOR SWE SMR MNE MKD ARM MDA MCO 0 10 20 NO DATA 30 40 50 60 70 PREVALENCE OF OVERWEIGHT (%) (BMI ≥25.0 KG/M2) AMONG ADULTS IN THE WHO EUROPEAN REGION BASED ON WHO 2008 ESTIMATES Notes. The country codes refer to the ISO 3166-1 Alpha-3 country codes. Data ranking for obesity is intentionally the same as for the overweight data. BMI: body mass index. Source: WHO Global Health Observatory Data Repository (1). The Regional Office is grateful to the European Commission (EC) for its financial support for the preparation of this country profile and the development of the nutrition, obesity and physical activity database that provided data for it. height and weight). The proportion of men and women that were obese was 23.3% and 23.9%, respectively (2). It should be taken into account that these PREVALENCE OF OVERWEIGHT (%) IN GERMAN ADOLESCENTS (BASED ON SELF-REPORTED DATA ON HEIGHT AND WEIGHT) data do not allow for comparability across countries due to sampling and methodological differences. 23 21 Adulthood obesity prevalence forecasts (2010–2030) predict that in 2020, 20% 14 16 21 12 of men and 18% of women will be obese. By 2030, the model predicts that 24% of men and 21% of women will be obese.1 11-year-olds 13-year-olds 15-year-olds Adolescents (10–19 years) In terms of prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents, up to 23% of Source: Currie et al. (3). boys and 14% of girls among 11-year-olds were overweight, according to data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey (2009/2010).2 Among 13-year-olds, the corresponding figures were 21% for boys and 16% for girls, and among 15-year-olds, 21% and 12%, respectively (3). Children (0–9 years) No prevalence figures are available for overweight and obesity in schoolchildren based on measured intercountry comparable data. Germany is not yet participating in the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). However, nationally representative data (based on measurements of height and weight) from 2003–2006 show that 9.1% of children aged 3–6 years (8.9% boys, 9.3% girls) and 15.4% of children aged 7–10 years (15.9% boys, 14.7% girls) were overweight (4). A total of 2.9% of the children aged 3–6 years (2.5% boys, 3.3% girls) and 6.4% of those aged 7–10 years (7.0% boys, 5.7% girls) were obese. It should be taken into account that these figures (which are based on the Kromeyer-Hauschild et al. growth reference (5)) do not allow for comparability across countries. Exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age Nationally representative data from 2003–2006 show that the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months of age was 22.4% in Germany.3 PREVALENCE OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING (%) UNDER OR AT 6 MONTHS OF AGE FROM INDIVIDUAL COUNTRY-BASED SURVEYS, VARIOUS YEARS 60 Under 6 months of age At 6 months of age 50 At 3, 4 or 5 months of age 40 30 20 10 NO NATIONAL DATA 0 ITA ISL IRL TJK FIN ISR LVA BIH LTU EST SVK PRT CZE ESP KAZ AZE BEL AUT CYP ALB KGZ LUX BLR FRA SVN SRB UZB TUR POL MLT HRV RUS CHE NLD UKR GRC DNK GBR BGR DEU AND GEO TKM ROU HUN NOR SMR SWE MNE MKD ARM MDA MCO Notes. The country codes refer to the ISO 3166-1 Alpha-3 country codes. Data were derived from country-specific publications on surveys carried out in this field, not as part of a European- wide survey. Due to different data collection methods of the country-specific surveys, any comparisons between countries must be made with caution. Source: WHO Regional Office for Europe grey literature from 2012 on breastfeeding. Saturated fat intake According to the 2007 estimates of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the adult population in Germany consumed 11.7% of their total calories from saturated fatty acids (6). According to national data from 2012, male adults consumed 15.7% and female adults consumed 15.4% of their total calorie intake from saturated fatty acids (7). It should be taken into account that these latter, national data do not allow for comparability across countries due to sampling and methodological differences. 1 Report on modelling adulthood obesity across the WHO European Region, prepared by consultants (led by T. Marsh and colleagues) for the WHO Regional Office for Europe in 2013. 2 Based on 2007 WHO growth reference. 3 WHO Regional Office for Europe grey literature from 2012 on breastfeeding. PROPORTION OF ENERGY FROM SATURATED FATTY ACIDS (%) AMONG ADULTS IN THE WHO EUROPEAN REGION, 2007 16 14 12 FAO RECOMMENDATION - max. 10% energy 10 8 6 4 2 0 NO DATA ITA ISL IRL TJK ISR FIN LVA BIH LTU EST SVK PRT AZE CZE KAZ BEL ESP AUT CYP KGZ ALB BLR FRA LUX SVN TUR UZB SRB POL MLT HRV RUS UKR CHE NLD GRC DNK BGR GBR TKM AND GEO DEU ROU NOR HUN SMR SWE MNE MKD ARM MDA MCO Notes. The country codes refer to the ISO 3166-1 Alpha-3 country codes. Ranking of data was carried out so that country data at the right-hand side of the graph – with values below the FAO recommendation – fall within the positive frame of the indicator. Source: FAOSTAT (6). Fruit and vegetable supply Germany had a fruit and vegetable supply of 482 grams per capita per day, according to 2009 estimates (6). FRUIT AND VEGETABLE SUPPLY (GRAMS) PER PERSON PER DAY IN THE WHO EUROPEAN REGION, 2009 1200 1000 800 WHO/FAO RECOMMENDATION - >600 grams 600 400 200 0 NO DATA ITA ISL IRL TJK ISR FIN BIH LVA LTU EST SVK PRT ESP KAZ BEL AZE CZE AUT LUX ALB BLR CYP KGZ FRA SVN SRB UZB TUR POL MLT RUS HRV NLD CHE UKR GRC DNK GBR BGR DEU TKM GEO AND ROU HUN NOR SWE SMR MNE MKD ARM MDA MCO Notes. The country codes refer to the ISO 3166-1 Alpha-3 country codes. Ranking of data was carried out so that country data at the right-hand side of the graph – with values above the WHO/FAO recommendation – fall within the positive frame of the indicator. Source: FAOSTAT (6). Salt intake Data from 2011 show that salt intake in Germany was 9.0 grams per day for men and 6.5 grams per day for women (8). SALT INTAKE (GRAMS) PER PERSON PER DAY FOR ADULTS IN THE WHO EUROPEAN REGION FROM INDIVIDUAL COUNTRY-BASED SURVEYS, VARIOUS YEARS 16 14 12 10 8 WHO/FAO RECOMMENDATION - <5 grams 6 4 2 0 NO NATIONAL DATA ITA ISL IRL TJK FIN ISR LVA BIH LTU EST SVK PRT ESP CZE BEL AZE KAZ AUT LUX FRA CYP ALB BLR KGZ SVN TUR UZB POL SRB MLT HRV RUS CHE NLD UKR GRC GBR BGR DNK DEU AND GEO TKM ROU HUN NOR SWE SMR MKD ARM MNE MDA MCO Notes. The country codes refer to the ISO 3166-1 Alpha-3 country codes. Data were derived from country-specific publications on surveys carried out in this field, not as part of a European- wide survey. Due to different data collection methods of the country-specific surveys, any comparisons between countries must be made with caution. Ranking of data was carried out so that country data at the right-hand side of the graph – with values below the WHO/FAO recommendation – fall within the positive frame of the indicator. Source: WHO Regional Office for Europe (8). Iodine status According to the most recent estimates on iodine status, published in 2012, the proportion of the population with an iodine level lower than 100 µg/L was 38.8% (9, 10).
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