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III. 4# 7Hli4 M|n ni moj #44 #44 ##444 &A). ^ #44)^)^ 4444 #44 ##444 iv 43: # 4##44 44# €3 44# 4444(PLC) A}4 2:4 ^ ##4Ai# #4 KNICS 4^ 4#& 7l]#4 PLC# 444 # #444 7j#4 44#- ##444. 4 ### #-#4 €4 444 4:444 4 4/1-444 ^A}tjj ^.4^-4, 4# #44 ##444 4# A^]^ #& 44, 4444# ^#444. IV. 4# 4#^4 4 ##oi| qj# yoj 4^g. 44 4#444#4 44 444 7j#& 4444 44 #4 #44 #44A1M 4#^ 44 #44 4_og. 44a#-. oje.^ 4447^ 44^ 4#4 4 4# #44 #4444 4# #7M## 4# 44 44# 4444, zz. 44## 4##A^ #7]-# 4A& 4444 #44 ## 444 4# 44444# ##4 4^4^ #A# ^444 # 4^-g- 444 4. #, #4 447)- #Aj- #4 #3.# 1,2:&44 444 44(APR-1400), zzeja. 2:44 447]- 4## 4444 ### 4#44#2i^(KNlCS) #44 4#43i 44 ###(C0TS) S4 AMI 7H4 #44 #4444 44 44# # 7M ### # 4# 4444. V SUMMARY I . Project Title Evaluation of Real Time Operating System II. Objective and Importance of the Project According to a rapid progress of computers and information processing technology, digital technologies substitute analog ones in a broad area of industry. This trend is inevitably applied to nuclear power plants which have pursued only well-proven technologies, resulting that safety related instrumentation and control systems are now designed based on the digital technology. This kind of digital-based design has the advantages that it is superior in data transmission and processing, has less drifts, increased accuracy, reliability, flexibility, and can increase the resource usability by sharing various kinds of resources. Digital systems, however, are more sensitive to ambient environment (such as temperature, humidity, radiation, electromagnetic waves, smoke, etc.) than analog systems, are prone to design and programming errors, same-kinds of faults. Since, when it is applied especially to the safety system of a nuclear power plant, it can jeopardize the design requirements of redundancy because of common-type software errors, it becomes the safety concerns in digital-based instrumentation and control systems how to solve this problem. To solve this kinds of safety concerns and to support the safety evalauation for the licensing of nuclear power plant, regulation technologies have made an appearance. Consequently, many regulation guidelines (proposals) are now being suggested. In spite of these efforts, a clear evaluation scheme and regulation guidelines are not suggested in the field of real-time operating systems (RTOS) applying to the nuclear power plants. Currently, commercial RTOS's such as vi VxWorks, OS-9, LynxOS and UniFLEX are used in the nuclear power plants, and an RTOS is now being developed for the Korea Nuclear I&C System (KNICS) under the control of the government. Operating systems are systems to control all operations of the computer subsystems such as memory, communication, scheduling, interfaces between hardware and applications, etc. Therefore, an RTOS is a system which directly affects major aspects of the real-time performance of a digital-based instrumentation and control system such as timing, deterministic execution time, task scheduling, etc. An RTOS has a mechanism to estimate the execution times of tasks. An hard RTOS must guarantee deadlines of tasks in a worst case scenario, while deadline misses are allowed in a limited range in soft RTOS's. Since, in case of protection and safety system of the nuclear power plant, it must respond within a predefined time when a safety parameter exceeds a setpoint, it must be designed using a hard RTOS. An hard RTOS used in the nuclear power plant must satisfy severe performance requirements even in a worst case scenario. Since operating systems are becoming more complecated, it is not an easy job to evaluate them. So, it becomes more important how to evaluate the RTOS's used in the nuclear power plants. The purpose of this work is to survey design examples and performance models of the RTOS's used in the nuclear power plants, and, based on this survey, develop a evaluation technologies. III. Scope and Contents of the Project This report first describes the architectures and application areas of general RTOS's, then analyses technical characteristics of the RTOS developed for the PTC. Based on the analysis, we investigate the evaluation issues of the RTOS for nuclear power plants, and based on this investigation, we devise symptoms, reasons, and dangerous results for each kernel service of the RTOS. vii IV. Results and Recommendations for Applications As the nucleur power plant instrumentation and control systems gradually apply digital technology, RIOS's have much more chances to be used in the system. At this point, to develop an evaluation technology of the RTOS for the nucleur power plant instrumentation and control systems seems to be vary timely, and the results can be used as a valuable backup to establish safety regulatory guides for the safety regulation of RTOS's. In other words, they can be directly used for security evaluation of the commercial or self-developed RTOS's for the Singori 1, 2 plants, next-generation power plant (APR-1400), and the Korea Nuclear I&C System (KNICS). viii ^ n 4 * ° 4 4................................................................................................................................... ix a 4 4................................................................................................................................x 31# #4..................................................................................................................................xi 4 i # 4 * ........................................................................ •l 4 i a; #4# *^44 7^.............................................. •l 4 2# #4* ^.#444 #m]4^ 4^^......................... -4 4 2# ### *^44 f^4 #-8-##................................... 12 4 1# #4# *#44 %.........................................................
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