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Geology and Ore Deposits of the Central York Mountains, Western Seward Peninsula, Alaska

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Geology and Ore Deposits of the Central York Mountains, Western Seward Peninsula, Alaska Geology and Ore Deposits of the Central York Mountains, Western Seward Peninsula, Alaska By C. L. SAINSBURY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1287 Descr+tion of the geologic structure, stratigrafihy, petrology, and ore deposits of an area containing tin deposits and a new tyfie of beryllium defiosit UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1969 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WALTER J. HICKEL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pwora, Director Library, of Gongre= catalog-card No. 718-602244 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Ofece Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $3.00 (paper cover) CONTENTS Abstract---------------------------------------------------------- Introduction------------------------------------------------------ Location----------__------------------------------------------- Purpose and scope of report ....................................... Methods of study .............................................. Acknowledgments--------------------..------------------------ Previous work---------------__-----_----------------------------- Sedimentaryrocks---__---------------------------------------------- Pre-Ordovicianrocks-------------------------------------------. Slate of the York region.................................... Argillaceous and dolomitic limestone- ----- - ---- - -- ------ -- -- - Undifferentiated limestone and argillaceous and dolomitic lime- stone---------------__------__----__-------------------------- Summary of pre-Ordovician rocks- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Lower Ordovician rocks- - - -- - - -- -- -- -- - _ -- -- ----- -------- -- --- - Argillaceous limestone and limestone (shallow-water facies) - - - - Limestone and argillaceous limestone (quiet-water facies) - - - - - - - Lower and Middle Ordovician rocks- - -------__------------------ Shale and limestone ....................................... - Middle Ordovician rocks- - ---------- -------- ------------------- Dark limestone----__-------------------------------------- Undifferentiated Middle and Upper Ordovician rocks- ------------- Summary of Ordovician rocks--- - -- _--- - - -- -- - _-- ---_---- - - - - -- - Pleistocenero~ks-----------------------_-------------__-----~- Structure--------------------------------------------------------- Tk.ustfaults---------------------------------..-------_------.- Normalfaults------------------------------------- 5----------- Age offaulting------------------------------__--------------~- Igneousrocks-------------------------___---__-----__-----__------ Pre-Ordovician rocks ---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Upper Cretaceous or Tertiary(?) rocks -----__----_ __ _----_------_- Granite stocks- - --------------------- ---__------_-------~- Dikerocks------------------------------------------------ Rhyolite dikes- - ...................................... Lamprophyre dikes------_---_------------------------- Chemical. composition- - _ - - - - _ _ - - - - _ - - - - - - _ _ - - - - - - - - Orlgln- - - - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Age ofigneousrocks-------------------_---------__------_------_-- Ti deposits----------------------__----_-----___----------------- Economic importance- -- - -- - - - -- -- -- -- - --- - -- - - - -- -- --- - ---- --- Geology------------------------_-----_-----_------------_---- CONTENTS Beryllium deposits................................................. Economic importance- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - General description-. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Beryllium minerals and paragenetic sequence-;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Main deposits------------------------------------------------- Rapid. River----------------------------------------------. Curve Creek .............................................. Lost River Valley - - - - - _-- -- - - - -- - ---- -- - --- -- -- -- -- - - - -- - - Tin Creek ................................................ Camp Creek .............................................. Lost River mine ........................................... Suggested zonal relation of tin and beryllium deposits--- --- --- - - -- -- --- Ore genesis- - ..................................................... Distribution of rare elements ---- - - _--- - - - -- ---- - - - - -- - - -- -- --- -- - -- - Suggestions for prospecting- - -- -- - - __----- - -- -- --- - -- - - -- -- - - -- -- -- - -- Suggestions for exploration- - - - - - - - - - --- -- - --- --- -- -- ------ ----- --- - Selected references------------------------------------------------- Index---------_-------------------------------------------------- ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates are in pocket] Page PLATE 1. Geologic map and structure sections of the central York Mountains. 2. Diagram showing variation in oxides in igneous rocks of the York Mountains. 3-6. Geologic maps: 3. Beryllium deposits on Camp Creek, Lost River area. 4. Beryllium deposits on Rapid River. 5. Beryllium and tin deposits in Lost River valley. 6. Tin and beryllium deposits on Tin Creek. FIGURE 1. Map of the western Seward Peninsula, Alaska, showing areas discussed in this report ...................... 2-7. Photographs: 2. Cleaved thin-bedded argillaceous limestone which overlies the "slate of the York region"-------- 3. Very thin bedded argillaceous limestone of un- certain age exposed around the mouth of Esch Creek_------------------------------------ 4. Clastic limestone in beds of the shallow-water facies of the Lower Ordovician limestones- - - - 5. Knobby-surfaced limestone of the shallow-water facies of the Lower Ordovician limestones- - - - 6. Beds of pink limestone of the uppermost Lower Ordovician rocks-- - --------- --- --- -- -- -- -- - 7. Dolomitized flaggy limestones of the lowermost Middle Ordovician rocks-- - -- -- -- -- ---- -- -- - CONTENTS v Page FIGURE 8. Stratigraphic record of the main Quaternary events re- corded in the York Mountains ..................... 34 9. Diagrammatic cross section through marine terraces near the LostRiver----------------------------------- 34 10-15. Photographs: 10. Mint River thrust east of the Mint River------ 35 11. Tectonic breccia near a thrust fault, showing disoriented blocks of limestone- - - - - - -- -- - -- 36 12. Chevron fold involving medium- to thick-bedded limestones of the 01 map unit.. -- ----------- 37 13. Rapid River fault in the south tributary of the Kanauguk River --------- ---------- ------- 37 14. Rapid River fault where it enters the drainage basin of the Rapid River- - - _-------------- 38 15. Banded dolomite that replaced medium-bedded calcitic limestone- _ - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - 39 16. Photomicrograph of coarse-grained gabbro from sheared dike-------------------------------------------- 17, Photomicrograph of dikecemented breccia--_- _-------- 18. Photograph of a xenolith of coarse-grained granite in lamprophyre dike-___-- ..- -- -----------.------- 19-23. Photomicrographs: 19. Typical dark diabase dike without xenocrysts--- 20. Composite lamprophyre dike_-- _ - - - - -- - - - - -- - 21. Typical dark lamprophyre dike that cuts com- posite. dike. ............................... 22. Lamprophyre dike from area of beryllium deposits on the Rapid River --_------------- 23. Hornblende lamprophyre from dike near the granite at Tin Creek- _ - __ _---------------- 24. Diagram showing compositional trends in the igneous rocks of the central York Mountains 25. Photograph of cryptocrystalline veinlets of curdy white chyrsoberyl and diaspore cutting fluorite-beryllium rock_--_---------------------------------------- 26. Photomicrographs of cryptocrystalline veinlet of curdy white chrysoberyl and diaspore cutting fluorite- beryllium rock- - ---------------- ---..---- ---- ----- 27. Photograph of rhythmically banded skarn- -___-------- 28. Photomicrograph of chrysoberyl separated from fluorite- beryllium ore from the Rapid River area __---------- 29. Photomicrographs showing texture of typical fluorite- beryllium ore, Rapid River area ------------------ - - 30. Photograph of a cross section of a nodule from the Camp Creek deposits- - ................................. 31. Photograph of beryllium-fluorite ore from veinlets in marble on the south side of the granite at Tin Creek-_ 32. Cross sections showing probable configuration of ore localized beneath thrust faults -----_------ - --- - ---- .. 33. Distribution of zones, minerals, and elements in zoned CONTENTS TABLES Page TABLE 1. Measured section in Lower Ordovician argillaceous lime- stone and limestone, west of mouth of Koteebue Creek- 16 2. Measured section in Lower Ordovician limestone and argillaceous limestone- - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - 21 3. Fossils with stratigraphic value from the quiet-water facies (Lower Ordovician limestone and argillaceous limestone), Central York Mountains _---_----------- 4. Fossils from the upper Lower and lower Middle Ordovi- cian limestone and shale, and the Middle Ordovician limestone, central York Mountains _--_-_----__-..--.. 5. Chemical composition of granites of the western Seward Peninsula---------_------------------------------ 6. Chemical and mineral composition of diabase dikes, lamprophyre dikes, granite xenolith, and alkalic basalt, western Seward Peninsula-- ---_----_--------------- 7. Tin and tungsten- reserves of the Lost River mine- - - - - - 8. Quantitative spectrographic
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