THE MUTINY STONES, BERWICKSHIRE. by JAMES HEW at CRAW, F.S.A.Scot

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THE MUTINY STONES, BERWICKSHIRE. by JAMES HEW at CRAW, F.S.A.Scot I. THE MUTINY STONES, BERWICKSHIRE. By JAMES HEW AT CRAW, F.S.A.ScoT. The only lon ge south-eas th cair n i n f Scotlano t s thai d t known as the Mutiny Stones in the parish of Longformacus, Berwickshire.. n DumfriesshireI , almost fifty mile se lon th off gs i , cair n Windo n y Edge, figured and described in the Inventoryl of that county. To the north we do not find another cairn of this type till we come o t that near Gourdon, Kincardineshire, described lasr t M yea y b r Graham Callander; e presenth n i 2 t volume . 21-26pp , , three morn i e Aberdeenshir Banffshird ean e have been recorde Callanderr M y db n I . recentle th y delivered Rhind Lectures Professor Bryce pointe t thadou t only fivknow e ease ear Scotlandth f to n ni , couiftsoute th f hNairnf o y o . The earliest mentio f thio n s monumen e occurrencth s i e t th f o e name " Mitten full of Stones" on Armstrong's Map of the County of Berwick, name 1771Th .e Mutiny Stones ,Statistical w employeNe e th n di Account, 1841 sincd an , e then generally use referencn di monue th o et - ment s probabli , a ycorruptio e oldeth f ro nfor m " Mitten f whico " h origie th n remains unexplained.3 Lady John Sco.tt employe e namdth e . 47 . 1No * Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol.. Iviii23 . p . ' A local legend tells how the devil was carrying stones in his mitten from Dunbar to build a dam across the Tweed at Kelso, when the mitten burst and the stones fell on the moor. There is also a tale of gold wrapped in the hide of an ox and buried beneath the cairn. In other parts of Scotland a similar origin is attributed to isolated boulders. The name " Auld wife's apron fu' o1 stanes" occurs near Kirknewto Cheviotse th nn i . ' E MUTINTH Y STONES, BERWICKSHIRE. 199 " Deil's Mitten."l and Mr Browne,2 while using " Mutiny Stones," mentions peopld districe ol th e monumene n ei tha th th t "e o Mittent tth s wa tf u' Stanes." It is easy to see how " Mittenf u'" or " Mitten o'" was corrupted into " Mutiny," and also how the latter in MS. became mistaken for " Meeting."3 Pig. 1. Long Cairn—"The Mutiny Stones" : View from north-east, with Plan. Reproduced by permission of Berwickshire Naturalists' Club. e cairTh ns situate i a moorlan(fig e sid) 1 f th . o e n do d ridgee th , ground sloping gentlsouth-easte th o soms yt i t I e .120 0 yards north- north-wes e shooting-lodgth f o t t Byrecleugha e withid yardan ,0 n70 s of the East Lothian boundary; the Byre Burn, 160 yards to the east, Hist, Her. Nat. derivatioClub,, e 186911 Th . p vol . nvi . " Deil's Midden" (refuse-heap) suggest1 s itself. 2 Glimpses into the Past in Lammermuir, p. 76, 1892. 3 "Meeting Stones " in Sharp, Greenwood, and Fowler's Map of the County of Berwick, 1826. 800 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, APRIL 13, 1925. descends to join the Dye Water at Byrecleugh. The elevation is 1250 feet above sea-level, and the axis points approximately east by north. The length of the cairn is 278 feet. Near the east end the breadth is 76 feet and the height 11| feet; these measurements diminish west- heighe feet3 Th d . wardan t firs6 e give2 th to st n n i Statistical Account (1792) and repeated in the New Statistical Account (1841)l is 18 feet : this probably include e lateth d r conical cairn erectehighese th n do t pointe cair t Th a presenn. t contains probably some 1300 cart-loads of stones d severaan , l hundred f loado s s have been removed along its south side, doubtless for walls and buildings near Byrecleugh; modern sheep-folds also have been buil ts soute cair it closth t nha o et stonee sideTh f .whic so caire hth composes ni e surface-gatherear d d slabs and boulders of greenstone found in the vicinity: few require the strength of more than one man to lift. generae Th l appearanc e monumenth f eo t suggest n affinita s y with the long cairns of the north of Scotland; but though there are slight lateral projections at the east end, there are no definite forward extensions as in the horned cairns of the north. An excavation by Lady John Scot 187n i t 1 faile reveao dt l anythin f interestgo . Wit ha vie o wobtainint g informatio s approachinhi r fo n g Rhind Lectures on "The Anthropological History of the Scottish People," Dr Bryce applied to His Grace the Duke of Koxburghe for permission to examin e cairneth . s Thireadilwa s y granted. Having obtainee th d sanctio e Ancienth f o n t Monument se investigationBoarth r fo d r D , Bryce asked me to superintend and carry out the excavation of the cairn. We visited the spot together and discussed the methods of work, and I then made arrangements to begin operations. Several members of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club willingly gave their services. On 1st July 1924 a party of seven workers2 began operations by carryin ga trenc hfee2 widt1 n (fig i t) 2 . h alone cair th e axi gth nf o s from the east end. The stones were carried back beyond the boundary of the cairn. In this trench were found three stones set upright in the ground lina n e,i paralle somd e axise soutth an th , fee e 4 , ; o hof t to lt e stoneth s projected fro e grounmth d feefro2 o 1t 2 £ tm1 t feet A . waluncoverea s fro ease d mwa lth en t d runnin t righga t anglee th o st a distancaxi r feet4 1 fo s f . o e This wall (fig ) consiste3 . n slabte f sdo set upright in the ground, from which they projected some 18 inches; smaller slabs were set to fill the interspaces and to steady the larger alse 1oSe Berwickshire Inventory, 249. ;No Hist. Ber. Nat. Club, vol (plat. 5 xxiv15 e. p xiv. A), 192 0; Lauder Lauderdaled an (Thompson) , 190-t14 . p , 2 Present: Colonel Molesworth, Messrs Minehin . CalderW . SandersonC , N , . CrawH d . J , an , chauffeurs.o tw wore Th k involve dmotoa r journe twelvf yo e miles from Dun Kilpalleo st t over a very hilly road, and a farther walk of two miles across the moor. THE MUTINY STONES, BERWICKSHIRE. 201 stones. The ten slabs measured from 11 to 23 inches in breadth and inche6 froo t thickness n mi s4 . Above these slabs rude masonrd yha been carrie a farthe p du r heigh feet2 f o .t e eas Closf thith o t o st e s noticewalwa t i dl thae stone th tbeed ha sn more carefully placed than elsewhere in the cairn. Julh O7t ny wor s resumed . CospatricJ wa k r r M Bryc D ,d an ek 9 FEET 10 20 30 4-0 Fig . PlaLonf .2 o easf nd o g ten Cairn— Mutine "Th y Stones," Berwickshire. A, 1924 excavation ; B, 1871 excavation (probable extent); C, stones removed from B; D, original outline. Scott, chamberlain to the Duke of Roxburghe, being present. A further arelais dawa bare extendin wale beyon d e easth an lf th fee o 4 tg 1 o dt t 1 its north and south extremities. The cairn over most of this area had the appearance of having been disturbed. At a distance of 5 feet 5 inches to the west of the north end of the wall two upright slabs beed ha n inserte e grounth n di d fac faceo t e , with their axes parallel e "wall th e lin f th .o e o Fivt e e walfeeth tlf o e nortsout th d f hen ho Together with Colonel Molesworth, Messrs Minchin, N. Sanderson, J. T. Craw, J. H. Craw, Captai1 n and Mrs M'Dougal, Miss Darling, and two chauffeurs. 202 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , APRI , 192513 L . two slabs projected from the ground at right angles to the wall and 13 inches from it. In the area to the south of these two slabs, as far as the south end of the wall, were several large slabs placed indis- criminately f disturbei s a , d from their original setting; similar slabs occurred in the upper portions of the cairn near this part; these had probably been removed upward course earlien th a n sf i e o r excavation. The ground beneat caire turnes hth nwa d ove thin i r s area untie lth reddish-yellow subsoil was reached, but no trace of charcoal, bones, flint, pottery, or other relics was found. Fig . Lon.3 g Cairn— Mutine "Th y Stones " Par: Walf o t l running across the Cairn. On 14th July I returned to the ground with eight unemployed labourers. Farther excavatio point at wall the sand , eitheof nat end r along the periphery of the cairn, failed to reveal any signs of con- struction e cairs theTh nwa n. restore s originait o t d l s statewa t i ; t thoughno t desirabl replaco et modere eth n pil f stoneease o eth t t a s end, as this was no part of the original monument.
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