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BEGEGNUNG 2/2013: Die Gender-Frage 0940-3132 BEGEGNUNG ISSN: DEUTSCHE SCHULISCHE ARBEIT IM AUSLAND 2 -2013 34. Jahrgang Die Gender-Frage Die Gender-Frage Länderdossier Alumni VIP Fokus: Die Gender-Frage Spanien: Berufsbildungs sys- Dominic Nahr – Kriegsfotograf Wie verschieden sind wir tem nach deutschem Vorbild mit emotionalem Engagement wirklich? Der Umgang mit geschlechtsspezifischen Pro & Contra Inland Bildungsunterschieden Ist „Multikulti“ gescheitert? Hirnforscher Gerhard Roth: Schulbuchforscherin Wie lernen wir? Dr. Inga Niehaus über den Gender-Aspekt in Lehrwerken KÖLN 50° 55' N 6° 57' E EDITORIAL Die Gender-Frage Das Geschlecht formt den Menschen, nicht umgekehrt. Oder doch? Dass die kontroverse Debatte um die Gender-Frage nicht abflaut, zeigt nicht zuletzt die Aufregung über die Aussage von Familienministerin Kristina Schröder, die in einem Interview der „Zeit“ erklärte, dass man auch „das Gott“ sagen könne. Bei der Diskussion um Geschlechtergerechtigkeit geht es aber nicht nur um den politisch korrekten Sprachgebrauch, sondern vielmehr um die Frage, wie verschieden wir wirklich sind und was wir bildungstechnisch daraus machen. Dass Mädchen lieber lesen und Jungen lieber Mathematikaufgaben lösen, ist nicht erst seit PISA und Co. bekannt. Doch wie geht man mit diesen Unterschie- den um? Mit dieser Frage beschäftigen wir uns im aktuellen Heftfokus und lassen dabei Gender-Forscher und Bildungsspezialisten zu Wort kommen. Ab S. 20 lesen Sie außerdem, welche Erfahrungen Dr. Inga Niehaus, Forschungskoordinatorin für Internationale Schulbuchforschung am Georg-Eckert-Institut, mit geschlech- tergerechtem Sprachgebrauch und Rollenklischees in Lehrwerken gemacht hat. Bildungsbarrieren gibt es allerdings nicht nur aufgrund von Geschlechterunter- schieden. Auch der kulturelle Hintergrund von Kindern hat großen Einfluss auf ihre Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten. Ab S. 36 begeben wir uns auf die Suche nach der multikulturellen Bildungsgesellschaft, die allen Kindern und Jugendlichen die gleichen Chancen bietet. Aktuelle Bildungsthemen wie Inklusion und Integration werden in der Öffent- lichkeit kontrovers diskutiert. Damit verbunden ist immer die Frage, ob unser Schulsystem den Anforderungen einer sich wandelnden Gesellschaft gerecht wird. In diesem Heft beginnen wir eine neue Serie, in der wir Wissenschaftler und Bildungsexperten zum Thema Schule und Lernen zu Wort kommen lassen. Im In- terview ab S. 16 erläutert Hirnforscher Prof. Dr. Gerhard Roth, wie Lernen grund- sätzlich besser gelingen könnte und warum Bildung Persönlichkeit braucht. Wie deutsche Bildungskonzepte auch im Ausland funktionieren, erfahren Sie im Länderdossier Spanien ab S. 58. In Zusammenarbeit mit Deutschland möchte das Land sein Berufsbildungssystem reformieren. Als Beispiel dafür dient das Konzept des dualen Systems der ASET Barcelona. Viel Spaß beim Lesen der vorliegenden BEGEGNUNG wünschen Ihnen Boris Menrath Stefany Krath BEGEGNUNG 02-13 3 INHALT INHALT Inhalt FOKUS: DIE GENDER-FRAGE Mehr Frauen DSD Ungarn 43 Pro & Contra: Ist Multikulti in MINT-Berufen 26 Das Deutsche Sprachdiplom er- gescheitert? Schule und Gender: zwischen Kon- Eine Deutsche Schule in Istanbul en- freute sich bereits in den 90er Jahren Prof. Dr. Barbara John und Dr. Corne- struktion und Dekonstruktion gagiert sich vorbildlich für Nach- in Osteuropa großer Beliebtheit – lie Sonntag-Wolgast über Multikultu- Die Rollenmuster der verschiedenen wuchskräfte im MINT-Bereich. Am vor allem in Ungarn. Nun wird ralismus 42 Geschlechter werden in Bildungsein- mathematisch-naturwissenschaft- es stufenweise ausgeweitet und Standard-Setting richtungen nicht aufgebrochen, lich ausgerichteten Istanbul Lisesi Deutsch als Fremdsprache damit zu- Gute Noten für das DSD 50 son dern verstärkt, so kritisieren Gen- sind rund 40 Prozent der Schüler nehmend an ungarischen Schulen der-Forscher. Sie fordern einen be- weiblich. Knapp 70 Prozent der Abi- eingeführt. „Die Prüfung hat einen schüler- wussteren Umgang mit geschlechts- turienten nehmen ein Studium im motivierenden Effekt“ typischen Verschieden heiten. 20 naturwissenschaftlichen Bereich Die ehemalige Vorsitzende des ZA auf, einige davon in Deutschland. Birgit Bergmann über das DSD 52 „Der Fußball spielende Junge, das Deutsch-spanische mit Puppen spielende Mädchen“ Kooperation 58 Erinnerung als Auftrag Interview mit Dr. Inga Niehaus, Frühes Mit dem „Memorandum of Under- Die Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung Forschungskoordinatorin am Georg- Fremdsprachenlernen 8 standing“ wurde 2012 eine deutsch- der SED-Diktatur 56 Eckert-Institut, über den Gender- Der Euphorie folgt Ernüchterung: spanische Zusammenarbeit bei der Aspekt in Lehrwerken 24 Wie sinnvoll ist es wirklich, Kinder Reform des spanischen Berufsbil- AUSLAND Istanbul Lisesi möglichst früh an eine fremde Spra- dungssystems vereinbart. Die ASET Deutsches Sprachdiplom Spitzenförderung für junge MINT- che heranzuführen? Wir fragen Ex- Barcelona und Madrid setzen bereits Länderprojekt Ungarn erfolgreich 43 Talente 26 perten nach ihren Erfahrungen und seit 30 Jahren das duale System Ansichten. ein, das jetzt landesweit etabliert LÄNDERDOSSIER werden soll. INLAND Spanien Bildung braucht Deutsches Erfolgsrezept für die didacta 2013 Berufsausbildung 58 Deutsche Auslandsschulen auf Euro- Persönlichkeit 16 Dominic Nahr 44 Zum Auftakt der neuen Experten- Der 29 Jahre alte Kriegsfotograf pas größter Bildungsmesse 6 ALUMNI VIP serie über die Zukunft des Bildungs- berichtet über die Wichtigkeit systems sprechen wir mit dem des Dokumentierens, den Alltag in Künstler im Krieg Frühförderung im Hirnforscher Prof. Dr. Gerhard Roth Krisengebieten und seine künstleri- Kriegsfotograf Dominic Nahr 44 Fremdsprachen unterricht über Erkenntnisse im Lernbereich, sche Leidenschaft, die er bereits Bloß ein Mythos? 8 den Einfluss der Lehrer und neue an der Deutsch-Schweizerischen ORTSTERMIN Unterrichtskonzepte. Internationalen Schule Hongkong Nachgefragt Deutsche Geschichte in Athen entdeckte. Wie sinnvoll ist Fremdsprachenun- Der Verein Philadelphia 34 terricht in der Grundschule? 13 KOLUMNE BIDS-Jahrestagung Multikulti: erfolgreich Buschardts Querschläger Interkulturelle Kompetenzen auch im oder gescheitert? 36 Ein Stück Liebe SchlimmfinderInnen 66 Klassenzimmer gefragt 15 Während Deutschland sich noch mit Zeitgeschichte 34 der Integration der Kinder der ersten Der deutsch-griechische Verein Phi- Schreibtischwechsel 64 Neue Serie: Experten sprechen Einwanderungswelle befasst, stellt ladelphia, aus dem später die Deut- Impressum 64 über die Zukunft des Bildungs- die bevorstehende Armutszuwande- sche Schule Athen hervorgehen systems rung aus Südosteuropa das Land sollte, wurde bereits 1837 von deut- Personalia 65 Hirnforscher Prof. Dr. Gerhard Roth 16 vor eine neue Herausforderung. schen Architekten, Handwerkern Das trifft nicht zuletzt die Bildungs- und Soldaten gegründet. Die Mit- Rainald Grebe – ohne Grenzen EDITORIAL 3 einrichtungen. In Pro & Contra glieder treffen sich noch immer Ein Kabarettist, viele Biografien 30 schildern zwei Experten ihre Ansicht regelmäßig zu Ausflügen, um Lesun- INHALT 4, 5 Integration über Multikulturalismus an deut- gen zu hören oder die deutsche At- Deutschland muss nachsitzen 36 schen Schulen. mosphäre zu genießen. MELDUNGEN 29, 49, 55 4 BEGEGNUNG 02-13 BEGEGNUNG 02-13 5 INLAND KÖLN 50° 55' N 6° 57' E KÖLN 50° 55' N 6° 57' E INLAND Kulturkreises“. Selbst nach jahrelan- würden die Arbeit der Deutschen didacta 2013 ger Lehrerfahrung böte sich hier die Auslandsschulen in keiner Weise be- Möglichkeit, „Schule noch einmal einträchtigen, die Standorte seien Erfahrungen aus erster Hand neu zu erfahren“. Dem interessierten sicher. „Außerdem ist Mexiko ein Plenum beantwortete die Lehrerin hervorragendes Land mit offenen, Fragen rund um die Vorbereitung auf lebensfrohen Menschen. Es macht den Auslandseinsatz, Möglichkeiten einfach Spaß, dort deutsche Schular- für Angehörige oder unterschiedli- beit zu leisten.“ Seinen Stand hatte che Anstellungsverhältnisse. er bunt gestaltet, „wie das Leben in Mexiko selbst“. Gleich nebenan kenn- Lohnende Reise zeichneten rot-goldene Lampions die Wer es im Anschluss noch konkre- Domäne der DS Shanghai, die einzige ter wissen wollte, konnte sich erst- Schule, die schon bei der didacta 2012 mals auf dem „Campus Deutsche vertreten – und mit dem Ergebnis Die einzelnen Stände am „Campus Deutsche Auslandsschulen“dienten auch dazu, Auslandsschulen“ der ZfA informie- durchaus zufrieden war. „Wir haben interessierten Lehrkräften Erfahrungen aus ren. Dr. Wolfgang Jakobi, Leiter des festgestellt, dass viele potenzielle Be- erster Hand anzubieten. Colegio Humboldt in Mexiko-Stadt, werber über die Lebensbedingungen war über 10.000 Kilometer angereist, in China nicht gut informiert sind den naturwissenschaftlichen Bereich um interessierten Lehrern „authen- oder nicht wissen, dass sie sich an direkt von der Messe rekrutieren.“ Am Messestand der Zentralstelle für das Auslandsschulwesen (ZfA) rückt die Welt zusammen: Da tische Erfahrungsberichte“ aus dem den Schulen für einige Stellen direkt Jens Dirksen von der Deutschen Bot- liegt Warschau neben Peking, grenzt Singapur an Mexiko-Stadt. Im Februar präsentierten sich bei mittelamerikanischen Land zu bie- bewerben können“, berichtet Jochen schaftsschule Peking zog auch bei ten. „Mexiko hat leider in den letz- Klein, Leiter Kommunikation. Er habe der didacta 2013 eine positive Bilanz: der didacta in Köln zum ersten Mal mehrere Deutsche Auslandsschulen auf einem eigenen Campus. ten Monaten kein gutes Image in der viele gute Gespräche, auch mit Mul- „Wir wollen die Schule generell
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