Dissident Artists' Associations of Germany 1892-1912

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Dissident Artists' Associations of Germany 1892-1912 Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 1984 Dissident Artists' Associations of Germany 1892-1912 Mary Jo Eberspacher Eastern Illinois University This research is a product of the graduate program in History at Eastern Illinois University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Eberspacher, Mary Jo, "Dissident Artists' Associations of Germany 1892-1912" (1984). Masters Theses. 2826. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/2826 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THESIS REPRODUCTION CERTIFICATE TO: Graduate Degree Candidates who have written formal theses. SUBJECT: Permission to reproduce theses. The University Library is receiving a number of requests from other institutions asking permission to reproduce dissertations for inclusion in their library holdings. Although no copyright laws are involved, we feel that professional courtesy demands that permission be obtained from the author before we allow theses to be copied. Please sign one of the following statements: Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University has my permission to lend my thesis to a reputable college or university for the purpose of copying it for inclusion in that institution's library or research holdings. Date Author I respectfully request Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University not allow my thesis be reproduced because -�� Date Author m DISSIDENT ARTISTS' ASSOCIATIONSOFGERMANY 1892-1912 (TITLE) BY Mary Jo Eberspacher THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Arts-Hjstory5950 IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL, EASTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY CHARLESTON, ILLINOIS 1984 YEAR I HEREBY RECOMMEND THIS THESIS BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE GRADUATE DEGREE CITED ABOVE AO\(JSER V/4'joI , /1g1i ATE C<ff1MlTIEE MEMBER 71'a'1 14 /c;31 JDA E C�MMITTEE MEMBER ·24tt ; I rtr; DEPARTMENT CHAIRPERSON DISSIDENT ARTISTS ' ASSOCIATIONS OF GERMANY 1892-1912 Mary Jo Eberspacher ABSTRACT With the end of the Fr anco-Prussian War on January 18, 1871, the German Empir e und er the lead er­ ship of the Hohenzollern king, William of Prussia , was proclaimed in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles . Now Emperor Wilhelm I, Otto von Bismarck, his chanc ellor , and their staff as federal ex ec utives of the Emp ire possessed important legislative and ec onomic powers. However, the individual states retained rights in some ar eas such as : education , health services, police protection and some powers of taxation, and in some instanc es, there was a distrust of the newly organized federal in stitutions. Con sequently, this states ' rights conc ept seem ed to have pr evented the formation of a highly centralized state and en couraged regional ind epend enc e. Th erefore, when Wilhelm II became em peror of the German Reich in 1888, he inherited a regim e that app ear ed militaristic , authoritarian, and conservative. This pr emise is the central focus of my thesis. In spite of the authoritarian structure imposed on many asp ects of German society by Wilhelm II, there were dissidents like the artists who developed artists ' groups in the Empire that challeng ed the influ enc e of the Kais er, his concept of art, and the state-support ed ar t institutions that propagated his views . In addition, I examine the reactions of the artists and the ir associations to the prescribed ar tistic ta stes imposed by the Emperor and his fo llower s. Chap ter one of the paper provides a sketch of the social stra tum of the Empire and of Wilhelm II . It focuses on the Kaiser 's view of his responsibility to German ar t and his influence in the field of art. Finally, the chapter discusses the role of the state ar t institutions that the Kaiser suppor ted . The purpose of chapters tw o and three is to consider the development of tho se artists ' associations which challenged the status quo in German art institutions. These include: .M unich Secession, Berlin Secession, Phalanx, New Ar tists' Associa tion Munich, Blaue Reiter, and Die Brucke. In addition , I discuss those cities, Munich and Dresden, which pro�ided an atmosphere for artistic dissen t, as we ll as, the uniqueness of diverse ar t assoc iations and the ir special schools. Second , an attemp t is made to explain the reasons for dissolution of and the impact each group had on the developmen t of the succeeding artists ' associa tions. In the conclusion I comm en t on Expressionism as a challenge to the Emperor and the state-supported art institutions. However , the discussion is limited to an explana tion of the artis tic spirit tha t inspired the avan t-garde of Expressionism ra ther than following the developmen t of the movement and its many facets. DISSIDENT ARTISTS ' ASSO CIATIONS OF GE RMANY 1892-1912 Mary Jo Eberspacher TABLE OF CONTENT S PREFACE . I I. WILHELMINIAN GERMANY : SOCIETY, THE KAISER, AND ART • 1 II. THE BEGINNING OF DISSENT . .12 III. DISSENT GROWS IN MUNICH AND DRESDEN ........30 CONCLUSION . • . • • . 47 PREFACE With the end of the Fr anco-Prussian War on January 18, 1871, the German Empire under the leadership of the Hohenzollern king, William of Prussia , was proclaimed in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles. The Emp ire was a union of twenty-five German states of various sizes and forms of government including : kingdoms , a grand duchy, cities, and the administrative territory of Alsace and Lorraine . The un ification of these states guaranteed Germany a degree of prestige unmatched l on the continent. Emperor Wilhe lm I, his chancellor , Otto von Bismarck, and their staff as federal executives of the Empire possessed important powers that included control of foreign policy, the authority to appoint administrators, and the right to interpret the constitution . Acting through the Reichstag and Bundesrat , the Emperor he ld le gislative and economic authority. However , the individual states retained rights in the areas of education , health services, police protection and some powers of taxation . In some instances there was a distrust of the newly organized federal institutions. For example , the 1 Gordon A. Craig, Germany 1866-1945 (New Yo rk , 1978) , p. 39. kingdoms of Bavaria and Wurttemburg had a great regard for their regional privileges and traditions. Consequently, these kingdoms and other states of the Empire were able to retain certain powers such as the op eration of their own railroads and postal systems. This states' rights concept seemed to have prevented the formation of a highly centralized state and encouraged regional independence . However , Bismarck was able to strengthen the central government and.reduce the Reichstag's ability to check and limit the power of 1 the executive . Hence, the German Empire was governed with a belief that there was a need for authority from above and obedience fEom be low. This premise is the central focus of my thesis. In spite of the authoritarian structure imposed on many aspects of German society by Wilhelm II , there were dissidents like the artists who developed artists ' groups in the Empire which challenged the influence of the Kaiser, his concept of art , and the state-supported art institution s that pr opagated his views. In addition, r will examine the reactions of the artists and their association s to the prescribed artistic tastes imposed by the Emperor and his fol lowe rs. Chapter one of the paper will pr ovide a sketch of the social stratum of the Emp ire and of Wilhelm II . l ibid. , pp . 38-43. II It will focus on the Kaiser's view of his responsibility to German art and his influence in the field of art . Finally, the chapter will discuss the role of the state art institutions that the Kaiser supported . The purpose of chapters two and three is to consider the development of those artists' associations which challenged the status quo in German art institutions . The discussion will focus on those cities which provided an atmosphere for artistic dissent , as well as, the uniqueness of diverse art associations and their special schools. Second , an attempt will be made to explain the reasons for dissolution of and the impact each group had on the development of the succeeding artists' associations . In the conclusion I will comment on Expressionism as a challenge to the Emperor and the state-supported art in stitutions. However, the discussion will be limited to an explanation of the artistic spirit that inspired the avant-garde of Expressionism rather than following the development of the movement and its many facets . III I. WILHELMINIAN GERMANY : SOCIETY, THE KAISER AND ART . When Wilhelm II became emperor of the German Reich in 1888, he in herited a regime that was militaristic, authoritarian, and conservative which he maintained and strengthened. In addition , Wilhelminian society was stratified by means of the ar istocracy , military, bourgeoisie with its various levels, and the working class. The aristocracy, consisting of less than one percent of the population in 1871, was a position of birth where good breeding mattered more than ability. By the time that Wilhelm II became emperor in 1888, the power of the aristocracy had dwindled to the point that many of its members had developed ties with the rising financ ial , legal, or technical entrepreneurs in hopes of maintaining their soci�l positions.1 The in fluence and high regard for the military was another aspect of the Wil helmin ian society. The historian, Nicolaus Sombart, points this out in his essay , "The Kaiser in his Epoch," 1 Henry M.
Recommended publications
  • Durham Research Online
    Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 24 January 2017 Version of attached le: Published Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Harding, J. (2015) 'European Avant-Garde coteries and the Modernist Magazine.', Modernism/modernity., 22 (4). pp. 811-820. Further information on publisher's website: https://doi.org/10.1353/mod.2015.0063 Publisher's copyright statement: Copyright c 2015 by Johns Hopkins University Press. This article rst appeared in Modernism/modernity 22:4 (2015), 811-820. Reprinted with permission by Johns Hopkins University Press. Additional information: Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Durham University Library, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LY, United Kingdom Tel : +44 (0)191 334 3042 | Fax : +44 (0)191 334 2971 https://dro.dur.ac.uk European Avant-Garde Coteries and the Modernist Magazine Jason Harding Modernism/modernity, Volume 22, Number 4, November 2015, pp. 811-820 (Review) Published by Johns Hopkins University Press DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/mod.2015.0063 For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/605720 Access provided by Durham University (24 Jan 2017 12:36 GMT) Review Essay European Avant-Garde Coteries and the Modernist Magazine By Jason Harding, Durham University MODERNISM / modernity The Oxford Critical and Cultural History of Modernist VOLUME TWENTY TWO, Magazines: Volume III, Europe 1880–1940.
    [Show full text]
  • French and German Cultural Cooperation, 1925-1954 Elana
    The Cultivation of Friendship: French and German Cultural Cooperation, 1925-1954 Elana Passman A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History Chapel Hill 2008 Approved by: Dr. Donald M. Reid Dr. Christopher R. Browning Dr. Konrad H. Jarausch Dr. Alice Kaplan Dr. Lloyd Kramer Dr. Jay M. Smith ©2008 Elana Passman ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT ELANA PASSMAN The Cultivation of Friendship: French and German Cultural Cooperation, 1925-1954 (under the direction of Donald M. Reid) Through a series of case studies of French-German friendship societies, this dissertation investigates the ways in which activists in France and Germany battled the dominant strains of nationalism to overcome their traditional antagonism. It asks how the Germans and the French recast their relationship as “hereditary enemies” to enable them to become partners at the heart of today’s Europe. Looking to the transformative power of civic activism, it examines how journalists, intellectuals, students, industrialists, and priests developed associations and lobbying groups to reconfigure the French-German dynamic through cultural exchanges, bilingual or binational journals, conferences, lectures, exhibits, and charitable ventures. As a study of transnational cultural relations, this dissertation focuses on individual mediators along with the networks and institutions they developed; it also explores the history of the idea of cooperation. Attempts at rapprochement in the interwar period proved remarkably resilient in the face of the prevalent nationalist spirit. While failing to override hostilities and sustain peace, the campaign for cooperation adopted a new face in the misguided shape of collaborationism during the Second World War.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide for Educators and Students TABLE of CONTENTS
    The Munich Secession and America A Guide for Educators and Students TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR EDUCATORS GETTING STARTED 3 ABOUT THE FRYE 3 THE MUNICH SECESSION AND AMERICA 4 FOR STUDENTS WELCOME! 5 EXPERIENCING ART AT THE FRYE 5 A LITTLE CONTEXT 6 MAJOR THEMES 8 SELECTED WORKS AND IN-GALLERY DISCUSSION QUESTIONS The Prisoner 9 Picture Book 1 10 Dutch Courtyard 11 Calm before the Storm 12 The Dancer (Tänzerin) Baladine Klossowska 13 The Botanists 14 The Munich Secession and America January 24–April 12, 2009 SKETCH IT! 15 A Guide for Educators and Students BACK AT SCHOOL 15 The Munich Secession and America is organized by the Frye in GLOSSARY 16 collaboration with the Museum Villa Stuck, Munich, and is curated by Frye Foundation Scholar and Director Emerita of the Museum Villa Stuck, Jo-Anne Birnie Danzker. This self-guide was created by Deborah Sepulvida, the Frye’s manager of student and teacher programs, and teaching artist Chelsea Green. FOR EDUCATORS GETTING STARTED This guide includes a variety of materials designed to help educators and students prepare for their visit to the exhibition The Munich Secession and America, which is on view at the Frye Art Museum, January 24–April 12, 2009. Materials include resources and activities for use before, during, and after visits. The goal of this guide is to challenge students to think critically about what they see and to engage in the process of experiencing and discussing art. It is intended to facilitate students’ personal discoveries about art and is aimed at strengthening the skills that allow students to view art independently.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fate of National Socialist Visual Culture: Iconoclasm, Censorship, and Preservation in Germany, 1945–2020
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works School of Arts & Sciences Theses Hunter College Fall 1-5-2021 The Fate of National Socialist Visual Culture: Iconoclasm, Censorship, and Preservation in Germany, 1945–2020 Denali Elizabeth Kemper CUNY Hunter College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/hc_sas_etds/661 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] The Fate of National Socialist Visual Culture: Iconoclasm, Censorship, and Preservation in Germany, 1945–2020 By Denali Elizabeth Kemper Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Art History, Hunter College The City University of New York 2020 Thesis sponsor: January 5, 2021____ Emily Braun_________________________ Date Signature January 5, 2021____ Joachim Pissarro______________________ Date Signature Table of Contents Acronyms i List of Illustrations ii Introduction 1 Chapter 1: Points of Reckoning 14 Chapter 2: The Generational Shift 41 Chapter 3: The Return of the Repressed 63 Chapter 4: The Power of Nazi Images 74 Bibliography 93 Illustrations 101 i Acronyms CCP = Central Collecting Points FRG = Federal Republic of Germany, West Germany GDK = Grosse Deutsche Kunstaustellung (Great German Art Exhibitions) GDR = German Democratic Republic, East Germany HDK = Haus der Deutschen Kunst (House of German Art) MFAA = Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives Program NSDAP = Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Worker’s or Nazi Party) SS = Schutzstaffel, a former paramilitary organization in Nazi Germany ii List of Illustrations Figure 1: Anonymous photographer.
    [Show full text]
  • Des Schicksals Fügung in Die Eignen Hände Nehmen Künstlerinnen, Schriftstellerinnen Und Musikerinnen Vom 17
    Des Schicksals Fügung in die eignen Hände nehmen Künstlerinnen, Schriftstellerinnen und Musikerinnen vom 17. – 21. Jahrhundert Des Schicksals Fügung in die eignen Hände nehmen Künstlerinnen, Schriftstellerinnen und Musikerinnen vom 17. – 21. Jahrhundert Zum Titelbild: MILLY STEGER Mit ihrer Grenzüberschreitung in die Männerdomänen der Bildhaue- rei mit Hammer und Meißel, der Großplastik und der öffentlich finanzierten „Kunst am Bau“ hat die Bildhauerin Milly Steger wesentliche Meilensteine in der Professionalisierungsgeschichte von Künstlerinnen gesetzt. Um 1912 wurde sie zur offiziellen ‚Stadtbild- hauerin‘ von Hagen berufen, ab 1917 wirkte sie in Berlin. Im Jahr 1932 nennt Knaurs Konversationslexikon die Künstlerin exemplarisch für die Bildhauerei des 20. Jahrhunderts. Der Filmemacher Hans Cürlis widmete Milly Steger in seinem Film „Schaffende Hände – die Bildhauer“, den er 1927 drehte, eine aus- führliche Sequenz, welche die Bildhauerin beim Modellieren einer Figur zeigt. Die drei Standbilder auf dem Titel sind der gleichnami- gen Publikation zum Film entnommen. Redaktion: Ulrike Schultz Gestaltung: Markus Gutierrez, Gesche Joost, VINGS; Reinhard Rollbusch, ZFE Herausgeber: Der Rektor und Ulrike Schultz / Gleichstellungsstelle ISBN 3-934093-06-X © 2005 FernUniversität in Hagen CIP-Titelaufnahme der Deutschen Bibliothek Inhaltsverzeichnis 5 Inhaltsverzeichnis Seite Vorwort von Ulrike Schultz 7 Birgit Schulte: „Ach so, Sie malen wie Ihr Mann malt“. 13 Drei Künstlerinnen und ihre berühmten Männer Birgit Schulte: Die Grenzen des Frauseins aufheben. 43 Die Bildhauerin Milly Steger 1881 – 1948 Birgit Schulte: Künstlerin im Schatten. Gabriele Münters Werk 67 und Persönlichkeit (1877 – 1962) Doris Maurer: Annette von Droste-Hülshoff – Ein Leben 95 zwischen Auflehnung und Gehorsam Doris Maurer: Frauen und Salonkultur. Literarische Salons 125 vom 17. –20. Jahrhundert Elvira Willems: Auch Sie in Arkadien.
    [Show full text]
  • Oil Sketches and Paintings 1660 - 1930 Recent Acquisitions
    Oil Sketches and Paintings 1660 - 1930 Recent Acquisitions 2013 Kunsthandel Barer Strasse 44 - D-80799 Munich - Germany Tel. +49 89 28 06 40 - Fax +49 89 28 17 57 - Mobile +49 172 890 86 40 [email protected] - www.daxermarschall.com My special thanks go to Sabine Ratzenberger, Simone Brenner and Diek Groenewald, for their research and their work on the text. I am also grateful to them for so expertly supervising the production of the catalogue. We are much indebted to all those whose scholarship and expertise have helped in the preparation of this catalogue. In particular, our thanks go to: Sandrine Balan, Alexandra Bouillot-Chartier, Corinne Chorier, Sue Cubitt, Roland Dorn, Jürgen Ecker, Jean-Jacques Fernier, Matthias Fischer, Silke Francksen-Mansfeld, Claus Grimm, Jean- François Heim, Sigmar Holsten, Saskia Hüneke, Mathias Ary Jan, Gerhard Kehlenbeck, Michael Koch, Wolfgang Krug, Marit Lange, Thomas le Claire, Angelika and Bruce Livie, Mechthild Lucke, Verena Marschall, Wolfram Morath-Vogel, Claudia Nordhoff, Elisabeth Nüdling, Johan Olssen, Max Pinnau, Herbert Rott, John Schlichte Bergen, Eva Schmidbauer, Gerd Spitzer, Andreas Stolzenburg, Jesper Svenningsen, Rudolf Theilmann, Wolf Zech. his catalogue, Oil Sketches and Paintings nser diesjähriger Katalog 'Oil Sketches and Paintings 2013' erreicht T2013, will be with you in time for TEFAF, USie pünktlich zur TEFAF, the European Fine Art Fair in Maastricht, the European Fine Art Fair in Maastricht. 14. - 24. März 2013. TEFAF runs from 14-24 March 2013. Die in dem Katalog veröffentlichten Gemälde geben Ihnen einen The selection of paintings in this catalogue is Einblick in das aktuelle Angebot der Galerie. Ohne ein reiches Netzwerk an designed to provide insights into the current Beziehungen zu Sammlern, Wissenschaftlern, Museen, Kollegen, Käufern und focus of the gallery’s activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Kunstakademie Königsberg 1845–1945. Biographien Der Direktoren
    Kunstakademie Königsberg 1845 – 1945. BIOGRAPHIEN DER DIREKTOREN UND LEHRER. Bearbeitet von Ingeborg Nolde. Darin: „Biographien der Direktoren und Lehrer“. „Biographien der Schüler“, 65-94. [65] Literatur-Abkürzungen: Boetticher: Friedrich von Boetticher, Malerwerke des Neunzehnten Jahrhunderts. Dresden 1891-1901 Kelch: Ingeborg Kelch, Ein Beitrag z. Malerei d. Romantik in Ostpreußen. Phil. Diss. Königsberg 1939 Mühlpfordt: Herbert M. Mühlpfordt, Königsberger Skulpturen und ihre Meister 1255-1945. Würzburg 1970; Supplementum, Düsseldorf 1979 Thieme-Becker: Allg, Lexikon d. Bildenden Künstler. Leipzig 1907-1948 Vollmer: Allg. Lexikon d. Bildenden Künstler des XX. Jhd. Leipzig 1953-1962 Albrecht, Karl Heinrich Christian Geboren 2. 4. 1862 in Hamburg, gestorben 26. 9. 1926 in Königsberg. 1884-1889 Kunstakademie in Weimar bei Prof. Hagen. Danach in Hamburg tätig. Freischaffendes Arbeiten: Stilleben. Landschaften, Porträts. 1905 Kleine Goldene Medaille in München. 1906 von Akademiedirektor L. Dettmann als Lehrer an die Königsberger Kunstakademie berufen, zunächst vom 1.1.1906 - 31.12.1909 als Hilfslehrer für Kopf- und Stillebenmalen, dann vom 1.1.1910 - 31.3.1925 als ordentlicher Lehrer. 1913 und 1914 Große Goldene Medaille in München und in Berlin erhalten. Lit.: Thieme-Becker, 1, S. 234; Vollmer, Nachträge, S. 234 Die Kunst. 1926/27, Beil. z. Dezemberheft, S XIX (Nekrolog); Ostpreußenblatt 24.3. 62. Behrendsen August Geboren 5.6.1819 in Magdeburg, gestorben 3.4.1886 in Hildesheim. Besuchte die Kunstakademie Berlin als Schüler von W. Schirmer. Profilierte sich als Landschaftsmaler. 1845 an die Königsberger Kunstakademie berufen. 1855 Professor. Hatte er zuerst Alpen- und oberitalienische Landschaften bevorzugt, so wählte B. nun oft ostpreußische Motive. 1862 erhielt er die Große Goldene Medaille für eine Landschaft, die in der Ausstellung der Berliner Kunstakademie gezeigt worden war.
    [Show full text]
  • The Creative Output of Alexej Von Jawlensky (Torzhok, Russia, 1864
    The creative output of Alexej von Jawlensky (Torzhok, Russia, 1864 - Wiesbaden, Germany, 1941) is dened by a simultaneously visual and spiritual quest which took the form of a recurring, almost ritual insistence on a limited number of pictorial motifs. In his memoirs the artist recalled two events which would be crucial for this subsequent evolution. The rst was the impression made on him as a child when he saw an icon of the Virgin’s face reveled to the faithful in an Orthodox church that he attended with his family. The second was his rst visit to an exhibition of paintings in Moscow in 1880: “It was the rst time in my life that I saw paintings and I was touched by grace, like the Apostle Paul at the moment of his conversion. My life was totally transformed by this. Since that day art has been my only passion, my sancta sanctorum, and I have devoted myself to it body and soul.” Following initial studies in art in Saint Petersburg, Jawlensky lived and worked in Germany for most of his life with some periods in Switzerland. His arrival in Munich in 1896 brought him closer contacts with the new, avant-garde trends while his exceptional abilities in the free use of colour allowed him to achieve a unique synthesis of Fauvism and Expressionism in a short space of time. In 1909 Jawlensky, his friend Kandinsky and others co-founded the New Association of Artists in Munich, a group that would decisively inuence the history of modern art. Jawlensky also participated in the activities of Der Blaue Reiter [the Blue Rider], one of the fundamental collectives for the formulation of the Expressionist language and abstraction.
    [Show full text]
  • Paul Klee, 1879-1940 : a Retrospective Exhibition
    -— ' 1" I F" -pr,- jpp«_p —^ i / P 1^ j 1 11 111 1 I f^^^r J M • •^^ | Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum Library and Archives http://www.archive.org/details/paulklee1879klee PAUL KLEE 1879 1940 A RETROSPECTIVE EXHIBITION ORGANIZED BY THE SOLOMON R. GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM IN COLLABORATION WITH THE IMSADENA ART MUSEUM 67-19740 © 1967, The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, New York Library of Congress Card Catalogue Number: Printed in the United States of America PARTICIPATING IIVSTITITIOWS PASADENA ART MUSEUM SAN FRANCISCO MUSEUM OF ART COLUMBUS GALLERY OF FINE ARTS CLEVELAND MUSEUM OF ART WILLIAM ROCKHILL NELSON GALLERY OF ART, KANSAS CITY BALTIMORE MUSEUM OF ART WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, GALLERY OF ART. ST. LOUIS PHILADELPHIA MUSEUM OF ART Paul Klee stated in 1902: "I want to do something very modest, to work out by myself a tiny formal motif, one that my pencil will be able to encompass without any technique..."'. Gradually he intensified his formal and expressive range, proceeding from the tested to the experimental, toward an ever deepening human awareness. Because of his intensive concentration upon each new beginning, categories fall by the wayside and efforts to divide Klee's work into stable groupings remain unconvincing. Even styl- istic continuities are elusive and not easily discernible. There is nothing in the develop- ment of his art that resembles, for example. Kandinsky's or Mondrian s evolution from a representational toward a non-objective mode. Nor is it possible to speak of "periods" in the sense in which this term has assumed validity with Picasso.
    [Show full text]
  • Impressionist & Modern
    Impressionist & Modern Art New Bond Street, London I 10 October 2019 Lot 8 Lot 2 Lot 26 (detail) Impressionist & Modern Art New Bond Street, London I Thursday 10 October 2019, 5pm BONHAMS ENQUIRIES PHYSICAL CONDITION IMPORTANT INFORMATION 101 New Bond Street London OF LOTS IN THIS AUCTION The United States Government London W1S 1SR India Phillips PLEASE NOTE THAT THERE IS NO has banned the import of ivory bonhams.com Global Head of Department REFERENCE IN THIS CATALOGUE into the USA. Lots containing +44 (0) 20 7468 8328 TO THE PHYSICAL CONDITION OF ivory are indicated by the VIEWING [email protected] ANY LOT. INTENDING BIDDERS symbol Ф printed beside the Friday 4 October 10am – 5pm MUST SATISFY THEMSELVES AS lot number in this catalogue. Saturday 5 October 11am - 4pm Hannah Foster TO THE CONDITION OF ANY LOT Sunday 6 October 11am - 4pm Head of Department AS SPECIFIED IN CLAUSE 14 PRESS ENQUIRIES Monday 7 October 10am - 5pm +44 (0) 20 7468 5814 OF THE NOTICE TO BIDDERS [email protected] Tuesday 8 October 10am - 5pm [email protected] CONTAINED AT THE END OF THIS Wednesday 9 October 10am - 5pm CATALOGUE. CUSTOMER SERVICES Thursday 10 October 10am - 3pm Ruth Woodbridge Monday to Friday Specialist As a courtesy to intending bidders, 8.30am to 6pm SALE NUMBER +44 (0) 20 7468 5816 Bonhams will provide a written +44 (0) 20 7447 7447 25445 [email protected] Indication of the physical condition of +44 (0) 20 7447 7401 Fax lots in this sale if a request is received CATALOGUE Julia Ryff up to 24 hours before the auction Please see back of catalogue £22.00 Specialist starts.
    [Show full text]
  • Die Brücke Der Blaue Reiter Expressionists
    THE SAVAGES OF GERMANY DIE BRÜCKE DER BLAUE REITER EXPRESSIONISTS 22.09.2017– 14.01.2018 The exhibition The Savages of Germany. Die Brücke and Der DIE BRÜCKE (“The Bridge” in English) was a German artistic group founded in Blaue Reiter Expressionists offers a unique chance to view the most outstanding works of art of two pivotal art groups of 1905 in Dresden. The artists of Die Brücke abandoned visual impressions and the early 20th century. Through the oeuvre of Ernst Ludwig idyllic subject matter (typical of impressionism), wishing to describe the human Kirchner, Emil Nolde, Wassily Kandinsky, August Macke, Franz Marc, Alexej von Jawlensky and others, the exhibition inner world, full of controversies, fears and hopes. Colours in their paintings tend focuses on the innovations introduced to the art scene by to be contrastive and intense, the shapes deformed, and the details enlarged. expressionists. Expressionists dedicated themselves to the Besides the various scenes of city life, another common theme in Die Brücke’s study of major universal themes, such as the relationship between man and the universe, via various deeply personal oeuvre was scenery: when travelling through the countryside, the artists saw an artistic means. opportunity to depict man’s emotional states through nature. The group disbanded In addition to showing the works of the main authors of German expressionism, the exhibition attempts to shed light in 1913. on expressionism as an influential artistic movement of the early 20th century which left its imprint on the Estonian art DER BLAUE REITER (“The Blue Rider” in English) was another expressionist of the post-World War I era.
    [Show full text]
  • MAX BECKMANN, New Book by Peter Selz
    The Museum of Modern Art No. kB FOR RELEASE: est 53 Street, New York, N.Y. 10019 Circle 5-8900 Cable: Modernart Thursday, October 1, I96U HAX BECKMANN by Peter Selz, with contributions by Perry T. Rathbone and Harold Joachim, is the first major monograph on the German-born (I88U-I950) artist to be written in English. The 160-page book, illustrated with reproductions of 121 paint­ ings, drawings and prints, 13 of them in color, discusses in detail Beckmann*s ca­ reer as artist and teacher in this country and abroad, and offers a penetrating analysis of his paintings and their iconography. Published by The Museum of Modern Art and printed in Germany, the handsome format of the book--which includes three large foldout illustrations of Beckmann's famous triptychs: Departure. Blindman's Buff and The Argonauts--was designed by Werner Brudi, a young German-born designer now working in New York. Now recognized as one of the leading European painters of the twentieth century, Beckmann1 s modernity lies in his attitude toward experience rather than in formal experiments. Dr. Selz, Curator of Painting and Sculpture Exhibitions at The Museum of Modern Art, writes, "Beckmann, by endowing the dream with precise structure and meticulous detail, belongs to that mainstream of modernism which has its parallels in the writings of Kafka and Joyce, the paintings of de Chirico and Bacon, and the films of Antonioni and Bergman. In all their work the feeling of human estrangement is enhanced by the use of hard physical reality." MAX BECKMANN, which is one of The Museum of Modern Art's major Fall books, is published on the occasion of a large retrospective of the artist's work which will travel to Boston, New York and Chicago in this country, and then be shown at Hamburg and Frankfurt in Germany, and finally at London's Tate Gallery.
    [Show full text]