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English Teacher Ms Annual Research Report 2013 Seeds of Life Fini ba Moris ‘Improved food security through increased productivity of major food crops’ Seeds of Life (Fini ba Moris) is a program within the Timor- Leste (East Timor) Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MAF). The Governments of Timor-Leste and Australia collaboratively fund the program. Australian funding is through the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) plus the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and is managed by ACIAR. The Centre for Plant Genetics and Breeding (PGB) within The University of Western Australia (UWA) coordinates the Australian funded activities. ii Table of Contents Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................... iii List of tables and figures ........................................................................................................................................ v Acronyms and Abbreviations................................................................................................................................. x Personnel .................................................................................................................................... xi 1. Overview of the Seeds of Life program ........................................................................ 2 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Program summary ......................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 Component 1: Evaluation of improved food crop varieties.............................................................. 2 1.2.2 Component 2. Formal seed production and distribution .................................................................. 4 1.2.3 Component 3. Informal seed production and distribution ................................................................ 5 1.2.4 Component 4. Seed system management ........................................................................................ 6 1.3 Rainfall ............................................................................................................................ 7 2. Evaluation of new germplasm ..................................................................................... 12 2.1 Maize ............................................................................................................................. 12 2.1.1 Replicated maize trials, 2012-2013 ............................................................................................... 12 2.1.2 Maize On-Farm Demonstration Trials (OFDTs) 2012-2013.......................................................... 21 2.2 Sweet potato .................................................................................................................. 30 2.2.1 Sweet potato replicated trials, 2012-2013 ..................................................................................... 30 2.2.2 Sweet potato multi-year, multi-location trial analysis.................................................................... 34 2.2.3 Sweet potato OFDTs 2012-2013 ................................................................................................... 36 2.3 Cassava .......................................................................................................................... 40 2.3.1 Replicated cassava trials ............................................................................................................... 40 2.3.2 Cassava performance across sites and years .................................................................................. 44 2.4 Rice ................................................................................................................................ 48 2.4.1 Irrigated aromatic rice observational trials, 2013 .......................................................................... 48 2.4.2 Upland rice observational trials, 2013 ........................................................................................... 48 2.4.3 Rice OFDTs, 2013........................................................................................................................ 49 2.5 Peanuts .......................................................................................................................... 53 2.5.1 Replicated trials, 2012-2013 ......................................................................................................... 53 2.5.2 Replicated peanut trials, multi-year, multi-location analysis ......................................................... 57 2. Winged beans ................................................................................................................ 60 2.6.1 Winged bean replicated trial, Loes 2012-2013 .............................................................................. 60 2.7 Mungbean and black gram.......................................................................................... 64 2.7.1 Replicated trials 2012-2013 .......................................................................................................... 64 2.8 Climbing beans ............................................................................................................. 69 2.8.1 Climbing bean replicated trials, 2012-2013................................................................................... 69 2.8.2 Climbing bean, multi-year and location analysis ........................................................................... 74 3. Foundation and certified seed production and distribution .................................... 79 3.1 Seed Production (Sept 2012 – August 2013) ................................................................................. 79 3.2 Seed distribution (Sept 2012 – August 2013) ................................................................................ 80 3.3 Production and distribution of sweet potato and cassava ............................................................... 80 3.4 Seed warehouse and national seed laboratory ............................................................................... 81 4. Community based seed production ............................................................................ 83 4.1 Community Seed Production Groups (CSPGs) 2012-2013 ...................................... 84 4.1.1 Maize seed production .................................................................................................................. 84 4.1.2 Rice seed production .................................................................................................................... 86 4.1.3 Peanut seed production ................................................................................................................. 87 4.1.4 Sweet potato cutting production ................................................................................................... 89 4.1.5 Cassava cutting production ........................................................................................................... 89 4.2 Registration of commercial seed producers ............................................................... 89 4.3 Access to seed for vulnerable households ................................................................... 90 5. Farming systems research ........................................................................................... 92 5.1 Maize and velvet bean systems ..................................................................................................... 92 5.2 Weeding and plant spacing on maize yields .................................................................................. 94 5.3 Effect of inorganic fertilizers on rice production ........................................................................... 95 iii 5.4 Effect of macro and micro nutrients on maize ............................................................................... 97 5.5 Effect of herbicides and cultivation on nutgrass ............................................................................ 99 6. Social science research ............................................................................................... 106 6.1 OFDT Farmers baseline data (Buka Dadus Los) ......................................................................... 106 6.2 Impact of imported rice on agriculture in Timor-Leste ................................................................ 113 6.3 Effect of imported maize seed on agriculture in Timor-Leste ...................................................... 114 6.4 Targeting vs. non targeting of free seed on crop production ........................................................ 115 6.5 Complementarity between seed production and improved seed storage in Timor-Leste .............. 116 7. Climate and Cropping Systems ................................................................................. 118 8. Communication and technology dissemination ....................................................... 141 9. Capacity building ....................................................................................................... 144 10. Technology recommendations ................................................................................... 146 10.1 Released and potential varieties .................................................................................................
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