Healing with Nature
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HEALING WITH NATURE: AN APPLICATION OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE HEALTH-PRESERVING THEORIES AND CHINESE CULTURE IN THERAPEUTIC GARDEN DESIGN A CREATIVE PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE BY SHUPING YU MARTHA HUNT, COMMITTEE CHAIR BALL STATE UNIVERSITY MUNCIE, INDIANA JULY 2012 Abstract The importance of the natural environment and its relationship to health and physical and psychological well-being was once recognized and deeply rooted in Chinese traditional health-preserving philosophy. However, ancient awareness of restorative benefits of the natural environment is now ignored in China. In Chinese hospitals, there are increasing areas of buildings and parking lots, resulting in the loss of court yards and open space. In some parts of China there is a trend of renewed interest in the role of designed natural environments, though little has been done to advance the idea of therapeutic gardens using ancient Eastern philosophies and approaches. In Western countries, however, the connection between therapeutic gardens and health care facilities has been underway for a longer period of time. This presents an opportunity to explore and study both approaches, combining the two to advance therapeutic garden methods and practice. This creative project centers on incorporating traditional Chinese health-preserving theories along with Western approaches in hospital landscapes. General principles and guidelines are proposed and applied to the landscape design of a Chinese hospital (Wuhan Iron & Steel Hospital). It is hoped that these findings contribute to the formulation of a model for the design of therapeutic gardens in Chinese hospitals. Acknowledgements I am heartily thankful to my committee chair, Martha Hunt, who encouraged, guided and supported me throughout this process, from conception to the finished product. Without her efforts, it would not have been possible for me to complete such a complicated project. I also owe my deepest gratitude to my other two committee members, Jody Naderi and Jane Ellery, who supported me in all respects during the completion of this creative project. Lastly, I offer my regards and blessings to Jerry Smith, who patiently offered me valuable information to develop this project. Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................ i List of Tables ............................................................................................................ vi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND INVESTIGATION .......................................................... 11 CHAPTER 3 CASE STUDIES ..................................................................................... 52 CHAPTER 4 CHINESE TRADITIONAL HEALTH PRESERVING THEORIES ................... 88 CHAPTER 5 INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS .............................................................. 104 CHAPTER 6 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT .................................................................... 117 CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION .................................................................................... 164 Works Cited ......................................................................................................... 169 i List of Figures Fig. 1. Explanation of an Ideal Feng Shui Site. ...................................................... 21 Fig. 2. Bear Amble. ................................................................................................ 28 Fig. 3. Five Phase Chart. ........................................................................................ 32 Fig. 4. Space Dividing Diagram. ............................................................................. 37 Fig. 5. Landscape Wall. .......................................................................................... 38 Fig. 6. Scenes of Vertical Change. ......................................................................... 39 Fig. 7. Sequence. ................................................................................................... 40 Fig. 8. Chinese Watercolor Landscape Painting. ................................................... 41 Fig. 9. An Example of Scenic Spots. ....................................................................... 42 Fig. 10. Borrowing Views. ...................................................................................... 43 Fig. 11. A Borrowing View of a Pavilion. ............................................................... 44 Fig. 12. Photos of Rain Dropping on Japanese Banana and Pine Wind Pavilion ... 47 Fig. 13. Spirit of Life Plaza ..................................................................................... 54 Fig. 14. Graff garden plaza .................................................................................... 55 Fig. 15. The Japanese Garden. .............................................................................. 56 Fig. 16. Rose Garden ............................................................................................. 57 Fig. 17. Sculpture Garden ...................................................................................... 58 Fig. 18. Anniversary Garden .................................................................................. 60 ii Fig. 19. Enid A. Haupt Glass Gardens .................................................................... 63 Fig. 20. Enid A. Haupt Glass Gardens .................................................................... 64 Fig. 21. Enid A. Haupt Glass Gardens .................................................................... 65 Fig. 22. San Diego Hospice .................................................................................... 67 Fig. 23. San Diego Hospice .................................................................................... 68 Fig. 24. San Diego Hospice .................................................................................... 69 Fig. 25. Scripps Memorial Hospital ....................................................................... 71 Fig. 26. Scripps Memorial Hospital ....................................................................... 72 Fig. 27. Howard Ulfelder ....................................................................................... 74 Fig. 28. Hangzhou Land Force Sanatorium............................................................ 77 Fig. 29. Zhejiang Hospital ...................................................................................... 79 Fig. 30. Zhejiang Hospital ...................................................................................... 80 Fig. 31. Zhejiang Hospital ...................................................................................... 81 Fig. 32. Ruijing Hospital ......................................................................................... 82 Fig. 33. Ruijing Hospital ......................................................................................... 83 Fig. 34. Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region ......................... 84 Fig. 35. Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region ......................... 85 Fig. 36. People’s Hospital of Hubei Wuhan University .......................................... 86 Fig. 37. Xinhua Hospital of Hubei Province ........................................................... 87 iii Fig. 38. Experience Related to the Ratio of the Distance to the Height. .............. 92 Fig. 39. Experience Related to the Openness of the Space. ................................. 92 Fig. 40. Ways to Combine Topography and Road. ................................................. 94 Fig. 41 Chinese elements following geomancy theory ......................................... 99 Fig. 42 Chinese elements for regional culture education ................................... 100 Fig.43 healing elements ...................................................................................... 100 Fig. 44 Cultural elements .................................................................................... 101 Fig.45. Morning exercise in a district park .......................................................... 102 Fig. 46 Site location ............................................................................................. 105 Fig.47. Site context .............................................................................................. 105 Fig. 48 Site Photos ............................................................................................... 108 Fig. 49 Site Model................................................................................................ 109 Fig. 50 Location Analysis ..................................................................................... 110 Fig. 51 Microclimate Analysis .............................................................................. 111 Fig. 52 View Analysis ........................................................................................... 112 Fig. 53 Solutions for view analysis ...................................................................... 112 Fig. 54 Yin and Yang distribution ......................................................................... 113 Fig. 55 Garden Location ...................................................................................... 131 Fig. 57 Enlarged master plan of meditation garden...........................................