Kaiser Wilhelm II, Was Aggressive Minorities, Including Serbs, Within Its Own Borders

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Kaiser Wilhelm II, Was Aggressive Minorities, Including Serbs, Within Its Own Borders 1 THE TROUBLED CONTINENT 1870 – 1914 In the early 20th century, Europe was dominated by ambitious imperial states. This produced an unstable international system and fueled an arms race. War broke out in Europe with the assassination of Austrian archduke Franz Ferdinand in the summer of 1914. THE TROUBLED CONTINENT 1870–1914 THE TROUBLED CONTINENT German chancellor The assination of German propaganda Otto von Bismarck Archduke Franz Ferdinand, portrayed Germany in 1914 as a masterminded the heir to the Austrian throne, chivalrous and heroic defender creation of a united and his wife by Bosnian Serb of civilization against the Germany in the 1860s Gavrilo Princip, in Sarajevo barbarism of its enemies. and 1870s. He created on June 28, 1914, led the Dual Alliance with Austria-Hungary to declare Austria-Hungary and war on Serbia. kept friendly relations Y with Russia. A N ICELAND E W D R E O N W S EUROPE BRITAIN Y N GERMANY FAEROE ISLANDS A RUSSIAN EMPIRE (Denmark) E W ATLANTIC AUSTRIA- D FRANCE HUNGARY R C E a ITALY s p O a OCEAN Black Sea i a W e n N S SPAIN S S e PORTUGAL T OTTOMAN a U N North c N A i SPANISH MOROCCO EMPIRE T I IS t S CYPRUS DENMARK l I N Sea a A PERSIA A B MOROCCO H FG TIBET KUWAIT A (autonomous) BRITAIN LIBYA BAHRAIN NEPAL NETH. RUSSIAN ALGERIA EGYPT QATAR GERMANY RIO DE ORO HEJAZ NEJD EMPIRE (Saudi) TRUCIAL INDIA BEL. LUX. OMAN ANGLO- OMAN EGYPTIAN FRENCH WEST AFRICA HADHRAMAUT AUSTRIA- SUDAN FRANCE GAMBIA TOGO FRENCH (British mandate) ADEN PROTECTORATE SWITZ. HUNGARY PORTUGUESE GUINEA EQUATORIAL ERITREA FRENCH SOMALILAND NIGERIA SIERRA LEONE AFRICA ABYSSINIA BRITISH CEYLON S ROMANIA LIBERIA SOMALILAND E CAMEROON ITALIAN IT R GOLD B Black Sea BRITISH EAST SOMALILAND COAST A MONT. I BULGARIA L A AFRICA L FRENCH A Y RIO MUNI BELGIAN (Spain) CONGO G ALB. SPAIN CONGO U GERMAN EAST T OTTOMAN AFRICA INDIAN R M e d O i t GREECE EMPIRE P e ANGOLA r r NORTHERN OCEAN a DODECANESE RHODESIA MADAGASCAR ALGERIA n (Italy) TUNISIA e SOUTHERN (France) (France) a n MOROCCO S e a CYPRUS GERMAN RHODESIA (France) (Britain) SOUTH WEST BECHUANA- PORTUGUESE AFRICA LAND EAST LIBYA AFRICA (Italy) EGYPT (Britain) UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA Austro-Hungarian emperor In the Balkan Wars of Franz Joseph, here holding court in 1912–13, Serbia, Greece, The arrival of the German Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna, was Romania, and Bulgaria fought gunboat Panther off Agadir in head of a vast but restless empire against Ottoman Turkey and July 1911 was a challenge to with a large Slav population. Its against one another. Serbia French imperial ambitions in annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina gained military strength and Morocco. The episode brought in 1908 angered Serbia. confidence in these conflicts. Europe to the brink of war. series of wars in the 1860s and 1870s established Germany leading up to World War I, peace was maintained by a balance of A as Europe’s dominant military power. In the 1890s, France power between the two hostile alliance systems. The European states and Russia formed an alliance to counter the might of Germany and expanded their armed forces and equipped them with the latest its close ally, Austria-Hungary. In the first decade of the 20th century, technology. They developed plans for the rapid mobilization of Britain, feeling threatened by the growth of the German navy, mass conscript armies that threatened to turn any confrontation abandoned its traditional isolationism and a formed an entente— into full-scale war. Every country felt that the side that struck first a loose unofficial alliance—with France and Russia. In the years would have a decisive advantage. 12 THE TROUBLED CONTINENT 1870–1914 1870 – 1914 New technology transformed the nature of warfare. This Russian Ilya Mourometz was the world’s largest aircraft on the eve of World War I. Capable of carrying bombs, it was widely imitated. CANADA Woodrow Wilson, U.S. president from 1913, here addressing an American audience, was a UNITED STATES high-principled political leader who, JAPANESE CHINA OF AMERICA in August 1914, declared the EMPIRE United States strictly neutral. BRITISH HONDURAS MEXICO DOMINICAN REPUBLIC PACIFIC CUBA VIRGIN ISLANDS ATLANTIC Mariana Hawaiian Islands LEEWARD ISLANDS Islands HAITI WINDWARD ISLANDS SIAM PHILIPPINE HONDURAS FRENCH GUATEMALA BARBADOS INDOCHINA ISLANDS GUAM OCEAN NICARAGUA OCEAN Marshall Islands EL SALVADOR TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO BRITISH COSTA RICA GERMAN PACIFIC TERRITORIES VENEZUELA BRITISH GUIANA NORTH BORNEO CANAL ZONE PANAMA DUTCH GUIANA BRUNEI Caroline Islands Christmas COLOMBIA FRENCH GUIANA SARAWAK Gilbert Island Islands MALAYA Bismarck Nauru ECUADOR KAISER Archipelago Cook WILHELMSLAND Islands DUTCH EAST INDIES Solomon P Islands Ellice PAPUA Islands E BRAZIL German Samoa R PORTUGUESE (Western) U TIMOR New French Polynesia Hebrides Tonga Fiji BOLIVIA PA New RA G Caledonia U AUSTRALIA A E Y L I H URUGUAY C ARGENTINA An industrial giant by the beginning of the 20th century, the United States was manufacturing munitions for the European arms FALKLAND ISLANDS race well before 1914. America’s own army was small, and it relied THE WORLD IN JULY 1914 upon its navy for defense. Frontiers The behavior of Germany’s leader, Kaiser Wilhelm II, was aggressive minorities, including Serbs, within its own borders. In June 1914, and erratic, particularly during the Moroccan Crisis of 1911. But the a Serb terrorist assassinated the heir to the Austro-Hungarian spark that ignited war came in the Balkans, where states such throne. Austria-Hungary was determined to use this as a pretext as Serbia had become independent of Ottoman Turkish rule in the for a war with Serbia. 19th century. Russia had ambitions to spread its influence in the When Russia mobilized in defense of Serbia, Germany declared Balkans as the champion of the Slav peoples. This led to hostile war on Russia and France. The German invasion of neutral Belgium relations with Austria-Hungary, which was at odds with restless Slav then ensured that a hesitant Britain would enter the conflict. 13 THE TROUBLED CONTINENT 1870–1914 TIMELINE 1870 – 1914 Franco-Prussian War ■ Rival military alliances ■ Wilhelm II is Kaiser ■ Boer War ■ Anglo-German naval race ■ Moroccan Crises ■ Wars in the Balkans ■ Assassination in Sarajevo ■ Declarations of war 1870 – 1880 1881 – 1890 1891 – 1900 1901 – 1902 1903 – 1904 1905 – 1906 JULY 1870 1881 1891 1901 Outbreak of the Russia joins Germany Architect of Germany’s Discussions about Franco-Prussian War. and Austria-Hungary prewar planning Alfred a possible alliance in the League of the von Schlieffen becomes between Britain JANUARY 1871 Three Emperors. German Chief of the and Germany come France is defeated. General Staff. to nothing. The King of Prussia 1882 is declared Emperor The Triple Alliance JANUARY 1894 JANUARY 1901 of Germany. is formed between Franco-Russian Alliance Death of Queen Germany, Austria- is concluded. Victoria. Hungary, and Italy. Alfred von Schlieffen 1884 MARCH 1901 MARCH 1903 King Edward VII visits Paris for the Entente Cordiale The Maxim gun, the In the Boer War, the Germans make plans first true machine gun, British adopt the policy of with Ottoman Turkey is invented. The Berlin moving Boer civilians into to build a railroad 1905 Conference formalizes concentration camps. between Berlin German army adopts the the division of Africa and Baghdad. Schlieffen Plan for fighting between European SEPTEMBER 1901 a war on two fronts. colonial powers. China signs a humiliating DECEMBER 1903 treaty with foreign The Wright brothers powers after suppression make the first powered of the Boxer Rebellion. heavier-than-air flight. JUNE 1888 1898 JANUARY 1902 FEBRUARY 1904 MARCH 1905 Wilhelm II becomes Germany begins naval Britain establishes Russo-Japanese War begins. Japanese army defeats emperor (Kaiser) expansion, starting a military alliance the Russians at the Battle of Germany. an Anglo-German with Japan. APRIL 1904 of Mukden. Germany naval race. Britain forms the Entente provokes the First Cordiale with France. Moroccan Crisis to test the OCTOBER 1899 Anglo-French Entente, 1889 The Boer War in South which holds firm. Russia begins a Africa reveals rapprochement deficiencies in the with France. British Army. 1890 1900 MAY 1902 MAY 1905 European armies begin First effective Boer War ends in The Imperial Japanese to adopt bolt-action submarines come into British victory. Navy destroys a Russian repeater rifles, service. First flight of fleet at the Battle of French Legion of Honor increasing infantry Zeppelin airship. Tsushima. medal rate of fire. SEPTEMBER 1905 MARCH 1878 Russo-Japanese War Defeated in war with Russia, ends in humiliating Ottoman Turkey is forced to defeat for Russia. recognize the independence of Serbia and Romania. 1879 JUNE 1902 FEBRUARY 1906 Germany and Triple Alliance HMS Dreadnought is Austria-Hungary form between Germany, launched, rendering the Dual Alliance. Austria-Hungary, and all earlier battleships Italy is renewed. obsolete. Belgian machine gun Kaiser Wilhelm II 14 TIMELINE 1870–1914 “The accelerating arms race is… a crushing burden that weighs on all nations and, if prolonged, will lead to the very cataclysm it seeks to avert.” TSAR NICHOLAS II, ADDRESSING THE HAGUE CONFERENCE, 1899 1907 – 19081909 – 1910 1911 19121913 1914 MARCH 1909 JULY FEBRUARY 12 MARCH 23–MAY 30 Germany backs General Joseph Joffre is China becomes a Bulgarians capture Austria-Hungary over appointed commander-in- republic as the last Adrianople, Turkey, the annexation of chief of the French army. emperor abdicates. in First Balkan War. Bosnia-Herzegovina, Treaty of London forcing Russia to redraws boundaries. withdraw its opposition JULY 1 by threatening war. Arrival of German gunboat JUNE 29 in Tangier provokes the Second Balkan War Second Moroccan Crisis, begins. Bulgaria fights Political postcard of taking Europe to the Serbia, Greece, and European balancing act brink of war.
Recommended publications
  • Reshaping a Tradition. Founding the Habsburg-Lorraine Dynastic State in the 18Th Century
    Исторические исследования www.historystudies.msu.ru _____________________________________________________________________________ Лебо К. Reshaping a tradition. Founding the Habsburg-Lorraine dynastic state in the 18th century Аннотация: В статье исследуются компоненты власти в композитарной монархии Габсбургов и конструирование политической легитимности посредством управленческих практик, сочинений, речей и изображений. Монархия Габсбургов в XVIII в. не представляла собой однородного целого, объединяя территории с различной степенью интеграции. Выборность корон и их переходы от одной ветви рода к другой создавали сложную ситуацию, в которой Габсбургам удавалось утвердить свое господство, сочетая следование традиции и изменения. Административные реформы поддерживались символическим дискурсом. Династический дискурс пришел на смену истории правящего дома и стал способом утвердить принцип государственного интереса. Власть династии была основана на доминировании над территорией. Новые вертикальные связи исходили от Марии Терезии, распространяя ее господство за пределы владений Австрийского дома. На своих более чем двухстах портретах Мария Терезия всегда изображалась с регалиями, вид которых варьировался в зависимости от места, где картина должна была находиться, с тем, чтобы подчеркнуть своеобразие каждой территории и единство монархии, связь между правителем и подвластной территорией. Ключевые слова: династическое государство, дом Габсбургов, империя, институциональные реформы, композитарная монархия, наследственная монархия, символический
    [Show full text]
  • Sample File Miquelet Ferguson Mfg: Greek 1790 to 1850 Mfg: English 1776 to 1778 .65 Cal .60 Cal Muzzle Velocity: 800 Fps Weight: 13 Lb
    Recoil Action: Firearm action that uses the force of the recoil to provide energy to cycle the action. Roller-delayed Blowback: A type of fi rearm action where rollers on the sides of the bolt are driven inward against a tapered bolt carrier extension. This forces the bolt carrier rearward at a higher velocity and delays movement of the bolt head. Rolling Block Action: A fi rearm action where the breech is seeled with a specially shaped breechblock able to rotate on a pin. The breechblock is locked in place by the hammer preventing the cartridge from moving backwards when fi red. Cocking the weapon allows the breechblock to be rotated to reload the weapon. Short Recoil Action: Action where the barrel and slide recoil together a short distance before they unlock and separate. The barrel stops quickly, and the slide continues rearward, compressing the recoil spring and performing the automated extraction and feeding process. During the last portion of its forward travel, the slide locks into the barrel and pushes the barrel back into battery. Slide Action: A fi rearm action where the handgrip is moved back and forth along the barrel in order to eject a spent cartridge and chamber a new one. This type of action is most common in shotguns and is also used in some rifl e designs. It is also called pump action. Snaphance: A method of fi ring a gun that uses a fl int set in the hammer that when the trigger is pulled causes the fl int to strike the frizzen to create a shower of sparks to ignite the priming powder.
    [Show full text]
  • German Operetta on Broadway and in the West End, 1900–1940
    Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.202.58, on 26 Sep 2021 at 08:28:39, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/2CC6B5497775D1B3DC60C36C9801E6B4 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.202.58, on 26 Sep 2021 at 08:28:39, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/2CC6B5497775D1B3DC60C36C9801E6B4 German Operetta on Broadway and in the West End, 1900–1940 Academic attention has focused on America’sinfluence on European stage works, and yet dozens of operettas from Austria and Germany were produced on Broadway and in the West End, and their impact on the musical life of the early twentieth century is undeniable. In this ground-breaking book, Derek B. Scott examines the cultural transfer of operetta from the German stage to Britain and the USA and offers a historical and critical survey of these operettas and their music. In the period 1900–1940, over sixty operettas were produced in the West End, and over seventy on Broadway. A study of these stage works is important for the light they shine on a variety of social topics of the period – from modernity and gender relations to new technology and new media – and these are investigated in the individual chapters. This book is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core at doi.org/10.1017/9781108614306. derek b. scott is Professor of Critical Musicology at the University of Leeds.
    [Show full text]
  • DANCE of DEATH Hubert Klocker It Would Be A
    D ANCE O f DEATH It would be a misunderstanding to interpret Helmut Lang’s “Pillars”, Hubert Klocker “Spikes”, and “Planes” as abstractions. On the contrary, this group of works, which has taken shape in his studio over recent years, is about a process of reduction, condensation, and concen- tration of concrete corporeal values. For is there anything more inescapable and concrete than death? Owing particularly to their ragged, torn or fragmentary appearance, Lang’s objects stand for structures of organic material, rotted organisms, and bodies laid open down to their bones, and are visualizations of an apocalyptic pro- cess that eludes abstract language. They perhaps even convey the dark aura of the cult of the dead that, turned into gilded stone, is represented by the plague columns erected on the main squares of some Central European towns. In their magnifcent but ambivalent this-worldly sensuality, they are memo- rials to the horrifc epidemics of the 17th century — stone monuments to mental repression. One of the most splendid of these idols commemorates, with a his- trionic gesture, the 12,000 lives taken, by the lowest estimate, within a period of a few months in the last big plague epidemic to strike the city of Vienna in 1679. An inscription on the column built some twenty years later in praise of the Curia and the Habsburg system of rule is a testament not only to the all-too-ready ostrichism of the population, but rather to the manipula- tive sophistication of the secular and ecclesiastical aristocracy. It suggests that by the highest goodness of the Holy Trinity, the death of the plague was warded off.
    [Show full text]
  • The Reigning Woman As a Heroic Monarch? Maria Theresa Traced As Sovereign, Wife, and Mother
    The Reigning Woman as a Heroic Monarch? Maria Theresa Traced as Sovereign, Wife, and Mother Anne-Marie Metzger The Empress is one of the most beautiful princesses in Europe: despite all her vigils and puerperia, she has held up very well. When she was younger, she loved hunting, games, and theatre. Today, her only pleasures are governing her empire and the education of her children.1 This quotation from Carl Joseph, Baron of Fürst and Kupferberg, contains essen- tial aspects that can be found very often in representations of Maria Theresa: the dual nature of her representation, namely on one hand the monarch and on the other the mother. Maria Theresa consciously used – among others – these two elements to create her identity. It is interesting to see how contemporaries per- ceived these two contrary public personas and how these personas promoted the adoration of Maria Theresa as an “Austrian heroine”,2 as she was called in a eulo- gy for her husband, Francis Stephen.3 The impact was at any rate so strong that 1 All English translations, unless otherwise indicated, are my own. “Die Kaiserin ist eine der schönsten Prinzessinnen Europas: all ihren Nachtwachen und Wochenbetten zum Trotz hat sie sich sehr gut erhalten. Früher liebte sie Jagd, Spiel und Theater. Das einzige, woran sie jetzt Geschmack findet, ist die Regierung ihres Staates und die Erziehung ihrer Kinder.” Carl Joseph Maximilian Freiherr von Fürst und Kupferberg. Severin Perrig (Ed.), “Aus müt- terlicher Wohlmeinung”. Kaiserin Maria Theresia und ihre Kinder. Eine Korrespondenz, Weimar 1999, p. 17. 2 “Österreichische Heldinn”, Ignaz Mayrhoffer, Trauerrede auf Franzen den Ersten römi- schen Kaiser, Grätz 1765, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Building an Unwanted Nation: the Anglo-American Partnership and Austrian Proponents of a Separate Nationhood, 1918-1934
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Carolina Digital Repository BUILDING AN UNWANTED NATION: THE ANGLO-AMERICAN PARTNERSHIP AND AUSTRIAN PROPONENTS OF A SEPARATE NATIONHOOD, 1918-1934 Kevin Mason A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2007 Approved by: Advisor: Dr. Christopher Browning Reader: Dr. Konrad Jarausch Reader: Dr. Lloyd Kramer Reader: Dr. Michael Hunt Reader: Dr. Terence McIntosh ©2007 Kevin Mason ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Kevin Mason: Building an Unwanted Nation: The Anglo-American Partnership and Austrian Proponents of a Separate Nationhood, 1918-1934 (Under the direction of Dr. Christopher Browning) This project focuses on American and British economic, diplomatic, and cultural ties with Austria, and particularly with internal proponents of Austrian independence. Primarily through loans to build up the economy and diplomatic pressure, the United States and Great Britain helped to maintain an independent Austrian state and prevent an Anschluss or union with Germany from 1918 to 1934. In addition, this study examines the minority of Austrians who opposed an Anschluss . The three main groups of Austrians that supported independence were the Christian Social Party, monarchists, and some industries and industrialists. These Austrian nationalists cooperated with the Americans and British in sustaining an unwilling Austrian nation. Ultimately, the global depression weakened American and British capacity to practice dollar and pound diplomacy, and the popular appeal of Hitler combined with Nazi Germany’s aggression led to the realization of the Anschluss .
    [Show full text]
  • Vienna Guide
    April 22—24, 2015, Vienna, Austria Hotel Park Royal Palace Vienna Guide SIGHTSEEING Vienna is old, Vienna is new… and the sights are so varied: from the magnificent Baroque buildings to “golden” Art Nouveau to the latest architecture. And over 100 museums beckon… ALBERTINA The Albertina has the largest and most valuable graphical collection in the world, including works such as Dürer’s “Hare” and Klimt‘s studies of women. Its latest exhibition presents masterpieces of the Modern era, spanning from Monet to Picasso and Baselitz. As the largest Hapsburg residential palace, the Albertina dominates the southern tip of the Imperial Palace on one of the last remaining fortress walls in Vienna. ANKER CLOCK This clock (built 1911–14) was created by the painter and sculptor Franz von Matsch and is a typical Art Nouveau design. It forms a bridge between the two parts of the Anker Insurance Company building. In the course of 12 hours, 12 historical figures (or pairs of figures) move across the bridge. Every day at noon, the figures parade, each accompanied by music from its era. AUGARTEN PORCELAIN MANUFacTORY Founded in 1718, the Vienna Porcelain Manufactory is the second-oldest in Europe. Now as then, porcelain continues to be made and painted by hand. Each piece is thus unique. A tour of the manufactory in the former imperial pleasure palace at Augarten gives visitors an idea of how much love for detail goes into the making of each individual piece. The designs of Augarten have been created in cooperation with notable artists since the manufactory was established.
    [Show full text]
  • Amoskeag Online - #123 08/25/2019 3:00 PM EDT
    Auction - Amoskeag Online - #123 08/25/2019 3:00 PM EDT Lot Title/Description Lot Title/Description 1000 British Webley Mark II Double Action Revolver with Naval Markings 1005 J.P. Sauer 38H Semi-Auto Pistol with German Army Markings serial #59901, 45 ACP, 4" barrel with an about good bore showing some serial #410222, 32 ACP, 3 1/2" barrel with a bright near excellent bore. moderate oxidation in the grooves and good rifling throughout. The The metal surfaces of this pistol retain about 85% original blue with metal surfaces of this revolver retain about 95% reapplied polished blue overall thinning to gray patina, gripstraps toning to gray-brown and some showing remnants of light pitting scattered about underneath the blue scattered light freckling. The slide is still equipped with the manual and softened markings from the metal preparation. Most of the markings safety lever but only marked with the caliber designation on the left side. are still legible, there is a large naval broad arrow carved into the All markings are clear with appropriate "(Eagle) / N" commercial proofs topstrap and inventory number on the backstrap. The black checkered and "(Eagle) 37" Waffenamt on the left side triggerguard. The black Vulcanite grips remain in very good condition showing some scattered checkered synthetic grips are Franzite reproductions and remain in very moderate dings around the edges and overall handling marks. The good plus to near excellent condition showing some light handling cylinder has been shaved for 45 ACP and has no visible number, the marks. The barrel and breechblock are matching the frame, one original barrel is matching the frame, the lanyard ring is intact and the revolver is magazine is included and the action seems to function well marked "ENGLAND" along with commercial export proofs.
    [Show full text]
  • Austrian Federalism in Comparative Perspective
    CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | VOLUME 24 Bischof, Karlhofer (Eds.), Williamson (Guest Ed.) • 1914: Aus tria-Hungary, the Origins, and the First Year of World War I War of World the Origins, and First Year tria-Hungary, Austrian Federalism in Comparative Perspective Günter Bischof AustrianFerdinand Federalism Karlhofer (Eds.) in Comparative Perspective Günter Bischof, Ferdinand Karlhofer (Eds.) UNO UNO PRESS innsbruck university press UNO PRESS innsbruck university press Austrian Federalism in ŽŵƉĂƌĂƟǀĞWĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ Günter Bischof, Ferdinand Karlhofer (Eds.) CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | VOLUME 24 UNO PRESS innsbruck university press Copyright © 2015 by University of New Orleans Press All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage nd retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to UNO Press, University of New Orleans, LA 138, 2000 Lakeshore Drive. New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA. www.unopress.org. Printed in the United States of America Book design by Allison Reu and Alex Dimeff Cover photo © Parlamentsdirektion Published in the United States by Published and distributed in Europe University of New Orleans Press by Innsbruck University Press ISBN: 9781608011124 ISBN: 9783902936691 UNO PRESS Publication of this volume has been made possible through generous grants from the the Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration, and Foreign Affairs in Vienna through the Austrian Cultural Forum in New York, as well as the Federal Ministry of Economics, Science, and Research through the Austrian Academic Exchange Service (ÖAAD). The Austrian Marshall Plan Anniversary Foundation in Vienna has been very generous in supporting Center Austria: The Austrian Marshall Plan Center for European Studies at the University of New Orleans and its publications series.
    [Show full text]
  • Nixe Iii Project 2010 – 2015
    NIXE III PROJECT 2010 – 2015 ARCHDUKE LUDWIG SALVATOR 1) PERSONAL TRAITS 2) HIS WORKS 3) SOME ANECDOTES 1) PERSONAL TRAITS Naturalist, traveller, author, artist, unconditional fan of Mallorca and one of the oddest Archdukes: First impressions of Ludwig Salvator, House of Hapsburg-Lorraine “I would have liked to have been that Archduke who owned half the coast and was visited by the Empress Sisi on her yacht.” With these words, the King of Spain, Juan Carlos I, declared his admiration for the beauty of Mallorca in an interview. Every year he spends his summer holidays in Marivent Palace near Palma de Mallorca, his stay representing a break from official obligations. That notwithstanding, the moments he can actually escape from protocol and formalities and feel like a normal citizen are scarce. His distant relative, Archduke Ludwig Salvator (1847-1915), however, spent his entire life laughing at protocol. The Archduke came to the island for the first time in 1867 and left in 1915 to wait out the end of the First World War in his castle in Brandeis in north-east Bohemia near Prague. He would never return to the island where he had chosen to live and which had become his true home after many years. Nearly 45 years would transpire between his birth in Florence and his later death in Brandeis, 45 years under the southern sun, happy, satisfying and fulfilling years. He was a man who knew how to live and for whom his social rank was neither a weight nor a pretext for doing nothing. Taking advantage of his possibilities, he became an avid student of the Mediterranean, always with an urgency to observe, travel, write, learn and preserve.
    [Show full text]
  • SUNDAY, OCTOBER 13, 2019 at 8:30 AM FIREARMS #481-642 – to BE SOLD at 11:00 A.M (Approx.) FIREARMS #231-480 – to BE SOLD at 12:30 P.M
    www.reddingauction.com 1085 Table Rock Road, Gettysburg, PA PH: 717-334-6941 Pennsylvania's Highest Volume Gun Auction Service Your Professional FireArms Specialists With 87+ Combined Years of Experience Striving to Put Our Clients First & Achieving Highest Prices Realized as Possible! NO RESERVE – NO BUYERS PREMIUM If You Are Interested in Selling Your Items in an Upcoming Auction, Email [email protected] or Call 717- 334-6941 to Speak to Someone Personally. We Are Consistently Bringing Higher Prices Realized Than Other Local Auction Services Due to Not Employing a Buyer’s Premium (Buyer’s Penalty). Also, We Consistently Market Our Sales Nationally with Actual Content For Longer Periods of Time Than Other Auction Services. SUNDAY, OCTOBER 13, 2019 at 8:30 AM FIREARMS #481-642 – TO BE SOLD AT 11:00 A.M (Approx.) FIREARMS #231-480 – TO BE SOLD AT 12:30 P.M. (Approx.) PLEASE NOTE: -- THIS IS YOUR ITEMIZED LISTING FOR THIS PARTICULAR AUCTION PLEASE BRING IT WITH YOU WHEN ATTENDING Note: Any Guns With Just a Lot # Before it Designates That it is an Antique/Black Powder Gun & Registration is NOT Required & Any Guns That Have an “R” After the # Designates That This Gun Has to be Registered. Firearms 231-481 to Sell at 1:00 PM (Approx.): 231R. Springfield – Mod. M1 Garand – 30-06 Cal. Semi-Auto Rifle – w/24” SA 8-42 Dated Barrel – w/Original Leather Sling – w/Oiler & Tool in Butt 232R. Springfield – Mod. 1903 – 30-06 Cal. Bolt Action Rifle – w/24” SA 8-21 Dated Barrel – w/Original Leather Sling 233R.
    [Show full text]
  • SBN 262007 2 Anna M
    Case 3:17-cv-01017-BEN-JLB Document 50-9 Filed 03/05/18 PageID.4774 Page 1 of 78 1 C.D. Michel – SBN 144258 Sean A. Brady – SBN 262007 2 Anna M. Barvir – SBN 268728 Matthew D. Cubeiro – SBN 291519 3 MICHEL & ASSOCIATES, P.C. 180 E. Ocean Boulevard, Suite 200 4 Long Beach, CA 90802 Telephone: (562) 216-4444 5 Facsimile: (562) 216-4445 Email: [email protected] 6 Attorneys for Plaintiffs 7 8 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 VIRGINIA DUNCAN, et al., Case No: 17-cv-1017-BEN-JLB 11 Plaintiffs, EXHIBITS 6-9 TO THE DECLARATION OF ANNA M. 12 v. BARVIR IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTIFFS’ MOTION FOR 13 XAVIER BECERRA, in his official SUMMARY JUDGMENT OR, capacity as Attorney General of the State ALTERNATIVELY, PARTIAL 14 of California, SUMMARY JUDGMENT 15 Defendant. Hearing Date: April 30, 2018 Hearing Time: 10:30 a.m. 16 Judge: Hon. Roger T. Benitez Courtroom: 5A 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 196 EXHIBITS 6-9 TO THE DECLARATION OF ANNA M. BARVIR 17cv1017 Case 3:17-cv-01017-BEN-JLB Document 50-9 Filed 03/05/18 PageID.4775 Page 2 of 78 1 EXHIBITS TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 3 Exhibit Description Page(s) 4 1 Expert Report of James Curcuruto 00019-26 5 2 Expert Report of Stephen Helsley 00027-38 6 3 Expert Rebuttal Report of Professor Gary Kleck 00039-102 7 8 4 Expert Rebuttal Report of Professor Carlisle Moody 00103-167 9 5 Expert Report of Dr.
    [Show full text]