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A Profile of Victorian Seniors from Refugee Backgrounds Health and Wellbeing Needs and Access to Aged Care Health and Support Services

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A Profile of Victorian Seniors from Refugee Backgrounds Health and Wellbeing Needs and Access to Aged Care Health and Support Services 2852_01 SeniorsReport_Cover_03 16/3/06 4:55 PM Page i A profile of Victorian Seniors from Refugee Backgrounds Health and wellbeing needs and access to aged care health and support services A study conducted by the Refugee Health Research Centre, La Trobe University for the Department of Human Services, Victoria 2852_02 SeniorsReport_pagesiTO69_04 16/3/06 4:56 PM Page i A profile of Victorian Seniors from Refugee Backgrounds Health and wellbeing needs and access to aged care health and support services A study conducted by the Refugee Health Research Centre, La Trobe University for the Department of Human Services, Victoria 2852_02 SeniorsReport_pagesiTO69_04 16/3/06 4:56 PM Page ii A PROFILE OF VICTORIAN SENIORS FROM REFUGEE BACKGROUNDS ii Published by the Refugee Health Research Centre (A partnership between the Victorian Foundation for the Survivors of Torture and La Trobe University) www.latrobe.edu.au/rhrc December 2005 ©RHRC, 2005 This report was funded by the Department of Human Services, Victoria, as part of the Home and Community Care (HACC) Culturally Equitable Gateways Strategy (CEGS). It was produced by Rebecca Atwell, Ignacio Correa-Velez, and Sandy Gifford, with assistance from Sue West. Design by markmaking Acknowledgements Thanks go to Calvin Graham, Sue Casey and Caroline Butterworth at the Department of Human Services Maps by Ian Sebastian Woodcock The authors would sincerely like to thank everyone who contributed information and advice in the course of this study. 2852_02 SeniorsReport_pagesiTO69_04 16/3/06 4:56 PM Page 1 Contents Chapter 1 Introduction and Summary of Findings 9 1. Aims and Objectives of the Research 9 2. Scope of the report 10 3. Summary of Key Findings and Issues for further Consideration and Research 11 Chapter 2 Refugee seniors living in a resettlement context: A review of the key issues 13 1. Defining a Refugee Senior 13 2. Circumstances of Forced Displacement, Flight and Resettlement 15 3. Being a Refugee Senior in a Resettlement Context 16 a. Family and Forced Displacement 19 b. Gender Specific Issues 20 c. Cultural Issues 21 4. Health and wellbeing issues affecting refugee seniors in resettlement 22 5. Health service and support needs of refugee seniors 24 Chapter 3 Research Design and Methods 26 1. Data Collection 26 2. Data Analysis 27 3. Limitations 29 Chapter 4 A profile of HACC services: Issues for Refugee Seniors 31 1. Introduction to HACC and CEGS 31 2. HACC and CEGS services 31 3. Availability and Use of Seniors Services for Refugees 32 4. Barriers to Access and Delivery of HACC Social Support Services for Small and Emerging Refugee Communities 35 5. Barriers to Access and Delivery of HACC Core Services for Small and Emerging Refugee Communities 36 6. Conclusion 39 Chapter 5 Listening to Refugee Communities: Common Circumstances and Concerns 40 1. The impact of the asylum process on wellbeing 40 2. Social isolation and the strains of resettlement 41 3. Dashed Dreams: Disappointing family reunions 43 4. Living with the family but being alone 45 5. Reluctance to use HACC Services 46 6. Daughters who Care 48 7. Coping with loss and guilt 50 8. Contemplating the End of Life 51 2852_02 SeniorsReport_pagesiTO69_04 16/3/06 4:56 PM Page 2 A PROFILE OF VICTORIAN SENIORS FROM REFUGEE BACKGROUNDS 2 Chapter 6 Innovation in Addressing the Needs of Refugee Seniors 52 1. Improving Social Integration and Mental Health 52 2. Improving Access to Information about Health Services 55 3. Addressing Barriers to the Use of Services 56 4. Conclusion 56 Chapter 7 Summary and Conclusions 57 Chapter 8 Issues for further Consideration and Research 61 Bibliography 66 2852_02 SeniorsReport_pagesiTO69_04 16/3/06 4:56 PM Page 3 CONTENTS 3 SEE ACCOMPANYING CD Chapter 9 A profile of refugee seniors in Victoria 70 Introduction 70 1. Africa 75 Sudan 76 Somalia 83 Ethiopia 89 Eritrea 96 Egypt 102 Other Central and West African Countries 106 Other Southern and East Africa Countries 109 2. Asia 112 East Timor 113 Vietnam 119 Burma (Myanmar) 125 Cambodia 132 Laos 139 3. Europe 143 Former Yugoslavia 144 Bosnia-Herzegovina 148 Croatia 154 Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 158 4. Middle East 162 Iraq 163 Afghanistan 170 Iran 176 Lebanon 182 5. 2004-2005 Resettlement Patterns 188 Appendices 189 Appendix 1 DIMIA Settlement Data 1996 – 2005 189 a. Humanitarian Stream Arrivals: Sex and Age distribution for Australia, 1 July 1996 – 30 June 2005 189 b. Humanitarian Stream Arrivals: Sex and Age distribution for Victoria, 1 July 1996 – 30 June 2005 190 c. Settlement Distribution by State for Humanitarian Stream Arrivals to Australia, 1 July 1996 – 30 June 2005 191 Appendix 2 Seniors’ Services for Victorian Refugee Communities 192 Appendix 3 Maps showing Settlement Patterns by LGA for Refugee Communities in Melbourne 204 Appendix 4 Organisations and Individuals Consulted 224 2852_02 SeniorsReport_pagesiTO69_04 16/3/06 4:56 PM Page 4 A PROFILE OF VICTORIAN SENIORS FROM REFUGEE BACKGROUNDS 4 List of Acronyms ABS – Australian Bureau of Statistics AMES – Adult Multicultural Education Services CALD – Culturally and Linguistically Diverse CEGS – Culturally Equitable Gateways Strategy DIMIA – Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs EP – English Proficiency HACC – Home and Community Care LGA – Local Government Area MIC – Migrant Information Centre MRC – Migrant Resource Centre PAG – Planned Activity Group TAFE – Technical and Further Education TPV – Temporary Protection Visa UNHCR – United Nations High Commission for Refugees 2852_02 SeniorsReport_pagesiTO69_04 16/3/06 4:56 PM Page 5 CONTENTS 5 List of Figures and Tables 3.1 A Profile of Refugee Seniors: Key fields and quantitative data sources 26 4.1 Utilization of HACC services by individuals from refugee-source countries: Victorian regions 2003 – 2004 33 SEE ACCOMPANYING CD 9.1 Top countries of birth of humanitarian settlers in Victoria: All age groups, 1996/97 – 2003/04 73 9.2 Top countries if birth of humanitarian settlers in Victoria: 40 years and above, 1996/97 – 2003/04 74 9.3 (Map) Source countries for African humanitarian settlers in Victoria 1996 – 2004 75 9.3.1 Humanitarian entrants from Sudan (Vic, 1996 – 2004): All age groups 77 9.3.2 Migration categories among Sudan-born arrivals to Victoria, 1996 – 2004: All age groups 77 9.3.3 Estimated Sudan-born population in Victoria at 2004: Age and gender profile 79 9.3.4 1996 – 2003 Sudan-born arrivals to Victoria aged 35 years and over: Settlement by LGA 79 9.3.5 Humanitarian entrants from Somalia (Vic, 1996 – 2004): All age groups 84 9.3.6 Migration categories among Somalia-born arrivals to Victoria, 1996 – 2004: All age groups 84 9.3.7 Estimated Somalia-born population in Victoria at 2004: Age and gender profile 85 9.3.8 1996 – 2003 Somalia-born arrivals to Victoria aged 35 years and over: Settlement by LGA 86 9.3.9 Humanitarian entrants from Ethiopia (Vic, 1996 – 2004): All age groups 90 9.3.10 Migration categories among Ethiopia-born arrivals to Victoria, 1996 – 2004: All age groups 90 9.3.11 Estimated Ethiopia-born population in Victoria at 2004: Age and gender profile 91 9.3.12 1996 – 2003 Ethiopia-born arrivals to Victoria aged 35 years and over: Settlement by LGA 92 9.3.13 Humanitarian entrants from Eritrea (Vic, 1996 – 2004): All age groups 96 9.3.14 Migration categories among Eritrea-born arrivals to Victoria, 1996 – 2004: All age groups 97 9.3.15 Estimated Eritrea-born population in Victoria at 2004: Age and gender profile 98 9.3.16 Eritrea-born arrivals to Victoria aged 35 years and over: Settlement by LGA 98 9.3.17 Humanitarian entrants from Egypt (Vic, 1996 – 2004): All age groups 102 9.3.18 Migration categories among Egypt-born arrivals to Victoria, 1996-2004: All age groups 103 9.3.19 Estimated Egypt-born population in Victoria at 2004: Age and gender profile 104 9.3.20 Egypt-born arrivals to Victoria aged 35 years and over: Settlement by LGA 104 9.3.21 Humanitarian entrants from Other Central and West African Countries (Vic, 1996 – 2004): All age groups 106 9.3.22 Migration categories among Other Central and West African-born arrivals to Victoria, 1996 – 2004: All age groups 106 2852_02 SeniorsReport_pagesiTO69_04 16/3/06 4:56 PM Page 6 A PROFILE OF VICTORIAN SENIORS FROM REFUGEE BACKGROUNDS 6 9.3.23 Estimated Other Central and West African-born population in Victoria at 2004: Age and gender profile 107 9.3.24 Humanitarian entrants from Other Southern and East African Countries (Vic, 1996 – 2004): All age groups 109 9.3.25 Migration categories among Other Southern and East African-born arrivals to Victoria, 1996 – 2004: All age groups 109 9.3.26 Estimated Other Southern and East African-born population in Victoria at 2004: Age and gender profile 110 9.4 (Map) Source countries for Asian humanitarian settlers in Victoria, 1996 – 2004 112 9.4.1 Migration categories among Indonesian-born arrivals to Victoria, 1996 – 2004: All age groups 114 9.4.2 East Timor-born population in Victoria at 2001: Age and gender profile 115 9.4.3 Humanitarian entrants from Vietnam (Vic, 1996 – 2004): All age groups 120 9.4.4 Migration categories among Vietnam-born arrivals to Victoria, 1996 – 2004: All age groups 120 9.4.5 Estimated Vietnam-born population in Victoria at 2004: Age and gender profile 121 9.4.6 1996 – 2003 Vietnam-born arrivals to Victoria aged 35 years and over: Settlement by LGA 122 9.4.7 Humanitarian entrants from Burma (Vic, 1996 – 2004): All age groups 126 9.4.8 Migration categories among Burma-born arrivals to Victoria, 1996-2004: All age groups 127 9.4.9 Estimated Burma-born population
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