Table of Contents

Abbreviations vi General Introduction 1

Part I Formation and ReceptionEvangelii of Nuntiandi

Chapter 1 Paul VI and his Apostolic ExhortationEvangelii Nuntiandi

Introduction 4 1.1 Paul VI: A of the Council and after the Council 5 1.2 The (Indian) ContextsEvangelii of Nuntiandi 8 1.2.1 The Vatican II 8 1.2.2 The Biblical Apostolate in India after the Vatican II 11 1.2.3 of Bishops after the Vatican II 13 1.3 The of Bishops in 1974 14 1.3.1 The Preparation for the Synod in India 15 1.3.2 The Course of the Synod 17 1.3.3 Emphases of the Discussions 26 1.4 Evangelization: The New PerspectiveEvangelii of Nuntiandi 30 1.4.1 Evangelization: Source of Development 31 1.4.2 The Urgency of Evangelization in a Changing World 32 1.4.3 The Beneficiaries of Evangelization 33 1.5 The Motives of Paul VIEvangelii in Nuntiandi 34 Conclusion 35 Chapter 2 The Reception ofEvangelii Nuntiandi and the Reserarch Status

Introduction 37 2.1 Literature onEvangelii Nuntiandi 37 2.1.1Evangelii Nuntiandi: “Real Treatise on Evangelization” 37 2.1.2 Evangelization: A Movement 39 2.1.2.1 Moving and Dynamic Evangelization 39 2.1.2.2 The Emergence of a New Evangelizing Consciousness 40 2.1.2.3 A Meditation on Evangelization 40 2.1.2.4 Becoming and Sharing the Good News 40 2.1.2.5 The Methods of Evangelization 41 A. Witness of Life 42 B. On Preaching and the Liturgy of the Word 43 C. Catechetics 43 D. Using Mass media 44 E. Person to Person Evangelization 44 2.1.2.6 The Beneficiaries of Evangelization 44 2.1.2.7 Shared Responsibility and Collaboration in Evangelization 45 A. The Evangelizers 45 B. The Laity 46 C. Religious 46 D. What needs to be done and what Training is needed 46 2.1.2.8 “Interior Change”: Purpose of Evangelization 46 2.1.3 Evangelii Nuntiandi and the Parish Priests 47 2.1.4 Rich Treasures of Evangelii Nuntiandi 47 2.1.5 Evangelii Nuntiandi from Protestant View 48 2.1.6 Evangelii Nuntiandi: A Pastoral Testament to the Church 50 2.1.7 Paul VFs Concern on Evangelization 50 2.2 Literature on Evangelization 51 2.2.1 The Importance of (New) Evangelization in Indian Context 51 2.2.1.1 Evangleization: A Challenge in spite of Oppositions and Persecutions 51 2.2.1.2 Evangelization as Vocation 52 2.2.1.3 Evangelization as A Word of Salvation 54 2.2.2 The OrientationEvangelii on Nuntiandi and on Evangelization and their Application in Different Pastoral Contexts 54 2.3 The Term “New Evangelization” 56 2.4 Evangelii Nuntiandi and Evangelii Gaudium 64 2.4.1 Outline Evangeliiof Gaudium 64 2.4.2 andEvangelii Nuntiandi 65 2.4.3 Citations fromEvangelii Nuntiandi 65 2.4.4 The Joy of the in Evangelizing 67 Conclusion 67

Part II The Pastoral Dimensions of Evangelization in Evangelii Nuntiandi

Chapter 3 The Pastoral Elements inEvangelii Nuntiandi

Introduction 68 3.1 IsEvangelii Nuntiandi: a Theology of Mission or a Pastoral Theology? 69 3.1.1 Pastoral Evangelization 69 3.1.2 The Meaning and Nuance of the Word “Evangelization” 71 3.1.3 Evangelization: The Essence of the Church’s Mission 72 3.2 Aim of Mission and Doing the MissionEvangelii in Nuntinadi 72 3.3 Pastoral Plan inEvangelii Nuntiandi 75 3.3.1 Evangelii Nuntiandi: a pastoral testament 75 3.3.2 Aims ofEvangelii Nuntiandi in the pastoral level 76 3.3.3 The Four Principles of evangelization 76 3.3.3.1 Witness of Life 77 3.3.3.2 Explicit Proclamation 77 3.3.3.3 Adherence 77 3.3.3.4 New Apostolate 77 3.4 Evangelii Nuntiandi as Precursor for the New Evangelization 78 Conclusion 78 Chapter 4 The Pastoral ProgramEvangelii of Nuntiandi

Introduction 79 4.1 The nature of Evangelization in EN 79 4.1.1 Evangelization as the prime concern of the Church 79 4.1.2 Evangelization oriented to the whole world 79 4.1.3 Evangelization as Service 80 4.1.4 Evangelization as a duty of the Church and the right of the world 80 4.2 The Pastoral Program in EN 80 4.2.1 EN T "... the duty of confirming the brethren” - a Paul in the Petrine Ministry 81 4.2.2 EN 2: .. to make the Church ... ever better fitted for proclaming the Gospel” 82 4.2.3 EN 3: "... how we can bring the Christian message to modem man” 83 4.2.4 EN 4: The “fidelity to a message ... and to the people” 86 4.2.5 EN 5: "... giving a loyal, humble and courageous answer” 88 4.3 A program of life and action 89 4.3.1 EN I, 6-16: The “daily preoccupation” (2 Kor 11: 28) 91 4.3.2 EN II, 17-24: The Evangelical Dynamism and Responsibility for Evangelization 92 4.3.3 The Christian Community as Subject of Evangelization 93 4.3.3.1 EN III, 25-39: The Witness of Christian Community 94 4.3.3.2 EN IV, 40-48: Methods of Evangelization 96 4.3.4 Daily preoccupation concerned with the ‘whole of humanity’ 99 4.3.4.1 EN V, 49-58: The Universality of Evangelization 100 4.3.4.2 EN VI, 59-73:The Evangelizers 102 4.3.5 EN VII, 74-82: Effort to Proclaim the Gospel to the People of Today - with the Power of the Holy Spirit 105 4.3.5.1 Vision of Evangelization through the evangelized 106 4.3.5.2 Action of the Holy Spirit in the Evangelization Process 106 Conclusion 109

Part III Care of the Souls in the Pluralistic Context of India

Chapter 5 The Historical Unfolding of Soul’s Care in India

Introduction 110 5.1. ‘Care’ and ‘Pastoral Care’ in General 111 5.2. Role of Religious Pluralism and Tolerance in Pastoral Care 111 5.3. Christian Pastoral Care through Centuries 114 5.3.1. The Apostolic Tradition of the St. Thomas Christians and the History of Indian Christianity 116 5.3.2. Religious Background before Independence 127 5.3.2.1. The Anglican Mission 129 5.3.2.2. The Evangelical Lutheran Mission 130

m 5.3.2.3. The Swedish Mission 131 5.3.2.4. Material concerns at the possibility of Independence 137 5.4. Crisis after Indian Independence 137 Conclusion 1141

Chapter 6 The Present Challenges and the ‘Soul Language’

Introduction 143 6.1. Challenges and Problems in the Realm of Pastoral Care 143 6.1.1. Hindutva Movement 143 6.1.2. Methods of Safegarding Pastoral Care in Pluralism 147 6.2. Spreading of Christian Values: a new Way of Pastoral Care 148 6.2.1. Jesus’ Approach to Pastoral Care 149 6.2.2. Possibility of Pastoral Care in a pluralistic Setting of India 152 6.2.3 “Soul Language”: the action of charity and the spirit of charity 154 Conclusion 159

Part IV Perspectives for the Mission Station of the Syro-Malabar Church in Chennai

Chapter 7 The Situation and the Specific Challenges of the Mission Station in Chennai

Introduction 161 7.1 A Panoramic View of Chennai Mission of the Syro-Malabar Church 161 7.2 Erection of Chennai (Madras) Mission 163 7.3 Objectives of the Mission 164 7.4 Challenges for the Mission 167 7.4.1 Challenges after the Erection of the Mission Station 167 7.4.2 Current Challenges 168 7.5 Need for a Full-fledged Individual Church 168 7.6 Necessity of Evangelization 172 Conclusion 176

Chapter 8 The Transition in the Concept of Evangelization in Chennai

Introduction 177 8.1 Evangelization in the Pastoral Plan of CM 177 8.1.1 Milieu as Reference Point 177 8.1.2 Witness as Centre 177 8.1.3 Liturgy of the Word 8.1.4 Catechetical Instruction 181 8.1.5 Mass Media 182 8.1.6 Person-to-Person Contact 183 8.1.7 The Sacraments 18 3 8.1.8 Popular Religiosity 184 8.2 The Universality of the Good News in the Context of Chennai 185 8.2.1 Limitless Universality of Evangelization 185 8.2.2 Obstacles to the Universal Evangelization 186 8.2.3 First Evangelization 187 8.2.4 The Challenge of Dechristianization 187 8.2.5 Evangelization and Followers of Different Faith 188 8.2.6 The Danger of Atheism and the Non Practicing Christians 188 8.2.7 Small (Christian) Communities 189 8.2.8 Missing of autonomous and orginazed Church 190 8.3 The “local Church of Chennai” and the Universal Church 190 8.3.1 The Importance of the Own (Liturgical) Traditions for the Syro-Malabar Church 190 8.3.2 The Importance of the Petrine Ministry for the Syro-Malabar Church 195 8.3.3 The Importance of Lay People in Evangelization in Chennai 198 8.3.3.1 Engaged in the Worldy Realities 198 8.3.3.2 Living in their Families 199 8.3.3.3 Joined with their Younger Generation 200

8.3.3.4 Engaged in parish ministries 200 Conclusion 201

Conclusion and Outlook:Evangelii Nuntiandi and Evangelii Gaudium 202 Bibliography 213 Appendix 233