ВЕТЕРИНАРИЯ И ЗООТЕХНИЯ УДК 636.3: 637.6.04 DOI: 10.34655/Bgsha.2019.56.3.009 С. И. Билтуев

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ВЕТЕРИНАРИЯ И ЗООТЕХНИЯ УДК 636.3: 637.6.04 DOI: 10.34655/Bgsha.2019.56.3.009 С. И. Билтуев Агрономия № 3 (56), 2019 г. № 3 (56), 2019 г. posevnyh-kompleksov-pri-vozdelyvanii- in Western Siberia. Omsk. 2009. 170 p. [in zernovyh-kultur-v-zapadnoy-sibiri (date of the Russian] address: 24.05.2019) [in Russian] 7. Technological systems of cultivation of 4. Popolzukhin P. V. Influence of grain and leguminous cultures: agrometeorological factors and agrotechnical recommendations. [Ministry of Agriculture and receptions on productivity and quality of seeds Food of the Omsk Region, Siberian Research of barley in the southern forest-steppe of the Institute of Agriculture [Сomp. L. V. Yushkevich Omsk region. Candidate“s Dissertation. Omsk. et al; under general editorship of I. F ВЕТЕРИНАРИЯ И ЗООТЕХНИЯ 1998. 211 p. [in Russian] Khramtsova, N. P. Drankovicha]]. Omsk. 5. Saprykin V. S. A millet in Siberia. LITERA. 2014. 105 p. [in Russian] Novosibirsk. Russian Academy of Agrarian 8. The advanced agrotechnology of a millet Sciences. Siberian Branch. 1997. 184 p. [in of ordinary (Panicum milliaceum) adapted to a Russian] forest-steppe agrolandscape of Western 6. Chertkov G. V., Yushkevich L.V. Siberia: recommendations. Omsk. LITERA. УДК 636.3: 637.6.04 DOI: 10.34655/bgsha.2019.56.3.009 Perfecting of technology of cultivation of a millet 2016. 44 p. [in Russian] С. И. Билтуев, В. А. Ачитуев, Б. В. Жамьянов ПРОДУКТИВНО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ГРУБОШЕРСТНЫХ ОВЕЦ РАЗНЫХ ПОРОД, РАЗВОДИМЫХ В УСЛОВИЯХ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БУРЯТИЯ Ключевые слова: овцы, порода, продукция, живая масса, стандарт породы, сезонная изменчивость, воспроизводство. В статье рассмотрено развитие отрасли овцеводства в Республике Бурятия начиная с 90-х по 2018 г. Изучены продуктивно-биологические особенности грубошерстных овец, разводимых в Республике Бурятия: в КФХ «Дамбаев М.Д.» Еравнинского района - эдильбаев- ская порода, ООО «Шибертуй» Бичурского района – бурятская грубошерстная, КФХ «Дор- жиев И.Ф.» Селенгинского района – тувинская короткожирнохвостая, АПО «Кяхтинское» Кяхтинского района – монгольская грубошерстная. Проведен сравнительный анализ живой массы взрослого поголовья со стандартом породы, а также ее изменчивость в зависимос- ти от сезона года. Изучена воспроизводительная способность овцематок. По результа- там исследований бараны-производители и овцематки как местных, так и завозных оте- чественных и импортных грубошерстных пород по величине живой массы, за исключением эдильбаевской мясо-сальной курдючной породы, соответствовали требованиям породного стандарта. Животные бурятской грубошерстной породы превышают требования пород- ного стандарта по группе баранов-производителей на 19,38 кг и овцематок на 8,9 кг, или на 43,06 и 22,25%, монгольской породы «халха», соответственно, на 3,5 и 12,9 кг; или на 3,5 и 12,9 %., бурятские грубошерстные овцематки при бонитировке весной весили 48,9 кг и ба- раны-производители 64,3 кг, овцы эдильбаевской породы в течение всего периода наблюде- ний по живой массе не соответствовали требованиям породного стандарта. У баранов- производителей живая масса была ниже минимальных требований к продуктивности поро- ды на 22,7 кг овцематок – на 14,5 кг, или на 36,43 и 28,7% весной; 18,22 и 11,11% осенью. Среди грубошерстных пород относительно высокой воспроизводительной способностью харак- теризуются овцематки монгольской породы «халха», которые по оплодотворяемости и сохранности ягнят в возрасте 4-месяцев превосходят бурятских на 1,2 и 1,3 %, тувинских – на 2,0 и 2,5 % и эдильбаевской – на 18,7 и 13,9 %. S. Biltuev, V. Achituev, B. Zhamyanov PRODUCTIVE AND BIOLOGICAL QUALITIES OF COARSE-HAIRED SHEEP OF DIFFERENT BREEDS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA Keywords: sheep, breed, production, live weight, breed standard, seasonal variability, reproduction. 58 59 Ветеринария и зоотехния № 3 (56), 2019 г. № 3 (56), 2019 г. Ветеринария и зоотехния In article considers the development of the sheep industry in the Republic of Buryatia from the шенствованием их продуктивных и племен- 20-25% [11]. Перевод экономики страны с 90s to 2018. Studied the productive and biological features of coarse wool sheep bred in the Republic ных качеств на фоне улучшения кормовой начала 90-х годов на рыночные отноше- of Buryatia, in the farm «Dambaev MD» Eravninsky district - Edilbaevskaya breed, LLC Shibertui базы отрасли удельный вес тонкорунных ния и отсутствие государственного заказа of the Bichursky district - Buryat coarse-haired, KFH «Dorzhiev I.F.» Selenginsky district - Tuvan овец составлял 90% от общего поголовья. на различные виды натурального шерстя- short-fat-tailed, APO «Kyakhtinskoe» of Kyakhtinsky district - Mongolian coarse-haired. A При этом за 1970-1989 гг. средний настриг ного сырья, в том числе на тонкую мери- comparative analysis of live weight of adult livestock with the standard of the breed, as well as its шерсти в физической массе увеличился с носовую шерсть, привели к обвальному variability depending on the season of the year. Studied reproductive ability of ewes. According to the results of our research, rams producers and ewes, both local and imported domestic and 3,1 до 3,8 кг, а производство баранины на снижению ее стоимости и объему произ- imported coarse-haired breeds in terms of weight, with the exception of edilbayevsky meat and 1 структурную голову с 7,5-8,0 до 10,5-11,0 кг, водства. Низкая окупаемость шерсти (50- greasy fat-tailed breed, met the requirements of the breed standard. Animals of the Buryat coarse- рентабельность овцеводства достигала 55%) сопровождалась уменьшением пого- haired breed exceed the requirements of the breed standard for the group of producing sheep by до 60 %. Причем, в общем доходе, полу- ловья овец и сокращением производства 19.38 kg and ewes by 8.9 kg, or by 43.06 and 22.25%, of the Mongolian breed Khalkha, respectively чаемом от овцеводства, на долю шерсти шерсти и баранины (табл. 1). by 3.5 and 12 , 9 kg; or by 3.5 and 12.9%., the Buryat coarse-haired ewes when graded in the приходилось 75-80%, а баранины – spring, weighed 48.9 kg, and the production rams were 64.3 kg, the sheep of the Edilbayevsky breed did not meet the requirements of the breed standard during the whole observation period. In Таблица 1 – Динамика поголовья овец с 1991 по 2018 г., тыс. голов sheep-producers, the live weight was below the minimum performance requirements of the breed Год 2018 г. by 22.7 kg of ewes - by 14.5 kg, or by 36.43 and 28.7% in spring; 18.22 and 11.11% in the fall. Показатель в % 1991 2000 2005 2010 2015 2018 Among the comparative coarse-haired breeds, Mongolian ewe breeds Khalkha are characterized к 1991 г. by relatively high reproductive ability, which in terms of fertility and preservation of lambs at the age Поголовье овец во всех 1384,0 224,1 213,0 263,3 286,6 310,6 22,4 of 4 months surpass Buryat by 1.2 and 1.3%, Tuvan ones - by 2.0 and 2.5 % and edilbaevskoy - by категориях хозяйств 18.7 and 13.9%. в т.ч. сельскохозяйственные 1262,8 147,7 113,8 97,7 78,1 71,3 5,6 Билтуев Семен Иннокентьевич, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор кафед- организации крестьянские ры «Частная зоотехния и технология производства продукции животноводства»; e-mail: 1,5 8,6 17,4 39,9 74,9 108,5 7233,3 [email protected] (фермерские) хозяйства личные подсобные Semyon I. Biltuev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, professor of the Chair of small animal 119,6 67,7 84,8 125,7 133,6 130,8 109,4 science and technology of animal production; e-mail: [email protected] хозяйства Ачитуев Владимир Александрович, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, доцент, заве- В настоящее время поголовье овец Цель исследований – выявить про- дующий кафедрой «Частная зоотехния и технология производства продукции животновод- ства; e-mail: [email protected] Республики Бурятия составляет 310,6 тыс. дуктивно-биологические особенности гру- Vladimir A. Achituev, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate professor, Head of the голов, в т. ч. в племенных хозяйствах раз- бошерстных овец разных пород, разво- Chair of Small Animal Science and Technology of Animal Production; e-mail: [email protected] водится 71,3 тыс. голов, или 22,9%, в кре- димых в условиях Республики Бурятия. Жамьянов Баир Валерьевич, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший препода- стьянско-фермерских хозяйствах – 108,5 Задачами исследований явились: ватель кафедры «Частная зоотехния и технология производства продукции животновод- тыс. голов, или 34,9%, в хозяйствах насе- - изучение живой массы по сезонам ства»; e-mail: [email protected]; ления – 130,6 тыс. голов, или 42,1%. года взрослого поголовья (бараны-про- Bair V. Zhamyanov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, a senior lecturer of the Chair of В перспективе для республики целе- изводители, овцематки); small animal science and technology of animal production; e-mail: [email protected]; сообразно сохранение тонкорунного и - изучение воспроизводительной спо- качественное развитие грубошерстного собности. ФГБОУ ВО «Бурятская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия имени и полугрубошерстного овцеводства. В Методы исследований. Экспери- В.Р. Филиппова»; 670024, г. Улан-Удэ, ул. Пушкина, 8; республике племенным овцеводством ментальная часть работы по изучению FSBEI HE “Buryat State Academy of Agriculture named after V. Philippov”; 8 Pushkin St., занимаются 6 племенных хозяйств, из адаптационных свойств отечественных и Ulan-Ude, 670024, Republic of Buryatia, Russia них 1 племенной завод - СПК «Баянгол» импортных грубошерстных пород овец в Хоринского района, 4 племенных репро- условиях Байкальского региона выполне- Продукция овцеводства В зонах традиционного овцеводства Введение. дукторов: ООО «Шибертуй» Бичурского на с 1 октября 2017 г. по
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