Fire: Fight, Flight, Or Could Talk Coexistence? 9
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Research Will Help Land Managers Take Risk-Analysis Approach to New
Research will help land managers take risk- analysis approach to new wildfire reality 8 January 2020, by Steve Lundeberg Now, Dunn notes, "we suppress 97 or 98% of fires such that we experience the 2 or 3% that are really bad, where we have no chance of successful suppression because they're just so explosive." But those numbers over time can be inverted, he says. "We can choose to have more beneficial fires whose impacts aren't as consequential and less of those really bad ones, eventually," Dunn said. "It could ultimately mean more fire, but more of the right kind of fire in the right places for the right reasons." Taylor Creek and Klondike Fires, Rogue-Siskiyou NF, Using fire-prone landscapes of the Pacific OR, 2018. Credit: Kari Greer Northwest as their study areas, Dunn and collaborators developed a trio of complementary, risk-based analytics tools—quantitative wildfire risk assessment, mapping of suppression difficulty, and New digital tools developed by Oregon State atlases of locations where fires might be controlled. University will enable land managers to better adapt to the new reality of large wildfires through "These tools can be a foundation for adapting fire analytics that guide planning and suppression management to this new reality," Dunn said. "They across jurisdictional boundaries that fires typically integrate fire risk with fire management difficulties don't adhere to. and opportunities, which makes for a more complete picture of the fire management Led by Chris Dunn, a research associate in the landscape." OSU College of Forestry with several years of firefighting experience, scientists have used That picture makes possible a risk-based planning machine learning algorithms and risk-analysis structure that allows for preplanning responses to science to analyze the many factors involved in wildfires, responses that balance risk with the handling fires: land management objectives, likelihood of success. -
Fire and Forest Management in Montane Forests of the Northwestern States and California, USA
fire Review Fire and Forest Management in Montane Forests of the Northwestern States and California, USA Iris Allen 1, Sophan Chhin 1,* and Jianwei Zhang 2 1 West Virginia University, Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, 322 Percival Hall, PO Box 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; [email protected] 2 USDA Forest Service, PacificSouthwest Research Station, 3644 AvtechParkway, Redding, CA 96002, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: + 1-304-293-5313 •• check for Received: 14 December 2018; Accepted: 30 March 2019; Published: 3 April 2019 � updates Abstract: We reviewed forest management in the mountainous regions of several northwestern states and California in theUnited States and how it has impacted current issues facing theseforests. We focused on the large-scale activities like fire suppression and logging which resulted in landscape level changes. We divided the region into two main forests types; wet, like the forests in the Pacific Northwest, and dry, like the forests in the Sierra Nevada and Cascade ranges. In the wet forests, the history of intensive logging shaped the current forest structure, while firesuppression played a more major role in the dry forests. Next, we looked at how historical management has influenced new forest management challenges, like catastrophic fires, decreased heterogeneity, and climate change. We then synthesizedwhat current management actions are performed to address theseissues, like thinning to reduce fuels or improve structural heterogeneity, and restoration after large-scale disturbances. Lastly, we touch on some major policies that have influenced changesin management. We note a trend towards ecosystem management that considers a forest's historical disturbance regime. -
Chapter 12 Review
FIGURE 12.1: “The Swan Range,” photograph by Donnie Sexton, no date 1883 1910 1869 1883 First transcontinental Northern Pacifi c Railroad completes Great Fire 1876 Copper boom transcontinental route railroad completed begins in Butte Battle of the 1889 1861–65 Little Bighorn 1908 Civil War Montana becomes a state Model T invented 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1862 1882 1862 Montana gold Montana Improvement Anton Holter opens fi rst 1875 rush begins Salish stop setting Company formed 1891 1905 commercial sawmill in Forest Reserve Act U.S. Forest Montana Territory fi res after confrontation 230 with law enforcement Service created READ TO FIND OUT: n How American Indians traditionally used fire n Who controlled Montana’s timber industry n What it was like to work as a lumberjack n When and why fire policy changed The Big Picture For thousands of years people have used forests to fill many different needs. Montana’s forestlands support our economy, our communities, our homes, and our lives. Forests have always been important to life in Montana. Have you ever sat under a tall pine tree, looked up at its branches sweeping the sky, and wondered what was happen- ing when that tree first sprouted? Some trees in Montana are 300 or 400 years old—the oldest living creatures in the state. They rooted before horses came to the Plains. Think of all that has happened within their life spans. Trees and forests are a big part of life in Montana. They support our economy, employ our people, build our homes, protect our rivers, provide habitat for wildlife, influence poli- tics, and give us beautiful places to play and be quiet. -
The Cohesive Strategy in the Northeast U.S
The Cohesive Strategy in the Northeast U.S. September 2019 A brief history of the Cohesive Strategy Cohesive Strategy Vision: To safely and effectively extinguish fire, when needed; use fire where allowable; manage our natural resources; and as a Nation, live with wildland fire. The FLAME Act 2009 Federal Land Assistance, Management and Enhancement (FLAME) Act directs Departments of Agriculture and the Interior to develop a Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy A brief Timeline of the Cohesive Strategy PLANNING • 2009 FLAME Act • 2010 CS Vision, 3 Goals, Collaborative, Science-based approach • 2011 WFLC, WFEC, CSSC, RSCs, (alphabet soup) formed • 2011-2014 3 Phases: National and Regional Analyses, Assessments & Action Plans • 2014 National Strategy and Action Plan (Approved in April 2014) • 2015 NE Regional Action Plan Updated/Published IMPLEMENTATION • 2015 New WFLC Priorities, NSC formed, and Executive Mgr. hired • 2016 Regional Priorities established • 2017-19 Work on 4 priorities continues Three Biggest Challenges The Wildland Fire Problem… • Is not just a federal issue • Is not just a state issue • Is not just a local issue • Is not just a fire service issue Cohesive Strategy Vision --- Safely and effectively extinguish fire when needed; use fire where allowable; manage our natural resources; and, as a Nation, live with wildland fire. The Three National Cohesive Strategy Goals Goal #1 – Restoring & Maintaining Fire Resilient Landscapes Resilient Response landscapes to wildfire Goal #2 – Creating Fire Adapted Communities Fire adapted communities Science Goal #3 – Responding to Wildfires 8 The Cohesive Strategy Organization Northeast RSC Wildland Fire Leadership Council (WFLC) West RSC Southeast RSC A Way of Doing Business • Framework for a culture of “working better together” • Collaboration is the key Northeast Regional Strategy Committee • U.S. -
Best Practices of Fire Use Prescribed Burning and Suppression Fire Programmes in Selected Case-Study Regions in Europe
Best Practices of Fire Use Prescribed Burning and Suppression Fire Programmes in Selected Case-Study Regions in Europe Cristina Montiel Daniel Kraus (editors) Best Practices of Fire Use – Prescribed Burning and Suppression Fire Programmes in Selected Case-Study Regions in Europe Cristina Montiel and Daniel Kraus (editors) European Forest Institute Research Report 24, 2010 Scientific Advisory Board of the European Forest Institute 2009–2010 Prof. Dr. Bas Arts, the Netherlands Prof. Kristina Blennow, Sweden Prof. Americo Carvalho Mendes, Portugal Dr. Emil Cienciala, Czech Republic Prof. Dr. Carlos Gracia, Spain Prof. Dr. Hubert Hasenauer, Austria, Chairman of the SAB Prof. Michael Köhl, Germany Prof. Marco Marchetti, Italy Prof. Leena Paavilainen, Finland Prof. Jean-Luc Peyron, France Editorial Office Prof. Dr Hubert Hasenauer, Editor-in-Chief Ms Minna Korhonen, Managing Editor Contact: [email protected] European Forest Institute Torikatu 34, 80100 Joensuu, Finland www.efi.int Cover photo: Mons Kvamme, Heathland Centre, Lygra, Norway Layout: Kopijyvä Oy Printed at WS Bookwell Oy, Porvoo, Finland Disclaimer: This report was prepared for the project Fire Paradox under EU Sixth Framework Programme (contract no. FP6-018505). The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union or the European Forest Institute. © European Forest Institute 2010 ISSN: 1238-8785 ISBN: 978-952-5453-69-0 (printed) 978-952-5453-70-6 (online) Table of Contents Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................v Executive summary ...............................................................................................vii 1. Background Information on Prescribed Burning and Suppression Fire 1.1 Prescribed Burning and Suppression Fire Techniques: from Fuel to Landscape Management ..............................................................................3 1.2 Development of Prescribed Burning and Suppression Fire in Europe ..... -
Michigan Forest History
-Forest Basics- Michigan Forest History Adapted from the on-line Teachers Guide http://mff.dsisd.net 1 0 MICHIGAN FOREST HISTORY www.dsisd.k12.mi.us/mff BEGINNING MODERN ICE PRESETTLEMENT LOGGING OF FOREST AGE TIMES ERA CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT Note: This timeline is NOT to scale. The left side represents many more years than the right. The right side shows more years because there were more things happening . and there still are more things happening in the forest today! Michigan has a colorful forest history, similar to that of Wisconsin and Minnesota. After the retreat of the glaciers, vegetation gradually moved back into Michigan. Some tree species returned centuries before other tree species. Our forests are ever-changing from the effects of climate, nature, and the influences of human beings. American Indians changed the forest in many ways. When people began logging the forest in the middle 1800s, the forest at that time was in a condition useful to our growing nation. Our forests continue to be great natural resources, both for wood production as well as the many other benefits we receive from the Great Forests of the Great Lakes State! 1 MICHIGAN FORESTS DURING THE ICE AGE It's pretty easy to imagine what forests looked like during the Ice Age. There were no forests! At least not in what we now call Michigan. In fact, there wasn't much in the way of living things at all. Michigan was covered with as much as a mile of ice! So, where were all the trees and other living things that make up our forests today? Glaciers cooled nearby areas so that northern species could live farther and farther south as the glaciers advanced. -
CASS CITY CHRONICLE - WEDNESDAY, JULY 15, 2020 CASS CITY, MICHIGAN Health Officer Looks Forward to Serving on State Virus Task Force
Hepfer appointed to County businesses Veteran trooper joins nursing home task force can apply for grants local police department Page 2 Page 2 Page 7 Complete coverage of the Cass City community and surrounding areas since 1899 VOLUME 114, NUMBER 19 CASS CITY, MICHIGAN - WEDNESDAY, JULY 15, 2020 .75 CENTS - 10 PAGES Mask up or pay up? Enforcement questions remain by Tom Montgomery Editor Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer urged residents to “mask up” Friday as she issued a new executive order requiring people to wear a face cov - ering in indoor public spaces or possibly face a misdemeanor charge and a $500 fine. However, some law enforcement agencies in the Thumb, including the Bad Axe and Sandusky police departments, responded with formal statements passing the enforcement buck back to the Michigan Attorney General’s Office, while other agencies indicated they hadn’t yet set a specific policy on how or if they’ll enforce the tougher rules. Whitmer’s latest executive order states individuals are required to wear a face covering whenever they are in an indoor public space or in crowded outdoor spaces. It also requires any business that is open to the public to refuse entry or service to people who refuse to wear a face covering, with limited exceptions. No person is subject to penalty for removing a mask while engaging in religious worship, although con - gregants are strongly encouraged to wear face coverings during reli - gious services, according to the news release issued by the governor’s office. Exempt from wearing a mask in Michigan businesses include children younger than five years of age, those who cannot medically tolerate a face covering, and those who are eating or drinking while seated at a food service establishment. -
Ecology and Management of Aspen: a Lake States Perspective
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Aspen Bibliography Aspen Research 2001 Ecology and management of aspen: a Lake States perspective D.T. Cleland L.A. Leefers D.I. Dickmann L.G. Eskew Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/aspen_bib Part of the Forest Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Cleland, DT, Leefers, LA, Dickmann, DI. 2001. Ecology and management of aspen: a lake states perspective. WD Shepperd et al (compilers). Sustaining Aspen in Western Landscapes: Symposium Proceedings. Proceedings RMRS-P-18. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Fort Collins, CO. This Contribution to Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Aspen Research at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Aspen Bibliography by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ecology and Management of Aspen: A Lake States Perspective David T. Cleland1, Larry A. Leefers2, and Donald I. Dickmann2 Abstract—Aspen has been an ecologically important, though relatively minor, compo- nent of the Lake States (Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota) forests for millennia. General Land Office records from the 1800s indicate that aspen comprised a small fraction of the region’s eastern forests, but was more extensive on the western edge. Then Euro-American settlement in the 1800s brought land clearing, timber harvesting, and subsequent widespread wildfires that increased aspen-birch acreages consider- ably. Although aspen-birch acreage has declined since the 1930s, it remains the region’s second most prevalent forest type. Aspen management is probably the most contentious issue confronting forest managers in the Lake States. -
Fire! Michigan Time Traveler Kids' History
Michigan Time Traveler Michigan Time Traveler An educational supplement produced by Lansing Newspapers In Education, Inc. and the Michigan Historical Center. Fires and Change After 1871, fires continued to break out in Michigan with the dried tree branches left behind after logging. The fire of 1881 gave Clara Barton, the founder of the American Red Cross, her first assignment. She went to Michigan’s Thumb to provide relief—food, clothing and household goods—to victims of the fires of 1881 that burned 70 townships, destroyed 1,521 houses and took the lives of 220 people. More than 14,000 KIDS’ people needed help. KIDS’ She wrote: “The memorable forest fires of Michigan . raged for days, sweeping everything before them . man, beast, forests, farms . every living thing . History Here occurred the first opportunity for History work that the young society had found . We had not mistaken the spirit of our people; our scarce-opened doorway was Time Fire! filled with men, women and children bearing their gifts of pity and love. Tables and shelves were piled, our working In honor of Fire Prevention Month, this committee of ladies took every article Traveler visits Michigan in the 1870s and 1880s under inspection, their faithful hands They cause lodgepole made all garments whole and strong.” when great fires burned much of our state. The fires also spurred Michigan to Fires are part of nature. s warblers live. develop programs to protect and pinecones to release their seeds and eventually replant forests. During the Great Depression Dansville Elementary School students view the CCC exhibit create places where Kirtland’ of the 1930’s, men who worked for the Civilian But fires can also be frightening. -
Morristown, Tennessee, Fire Services Study
MORRISTOWN, TENNESSEE Fire Services Study September 2012 Dennis Wolf, Fire Management Consultant The University of Tennessee, Institute for Public Service Municipal Technical Advisory Service Table of Contents Table of Contents .......................................................................................................... 1 List of Tables ................................................................................................................. 2 List of Figures ................................................................................................................ 2 Introduction and Scope of Work ..................................................................................... 3 Background.................................................................................................................... 3 The Importance of the ISO Rating .................................................................................. 4 Fire Department Overview ............................................................................................. 6 Training .................................................................................................................... 11 Facilities ................................................................................................................... 12 How Many Fire Stations Does Morristown Need? ........................................................ 14 How Many Ladder or Service Companies Does Morristown Need? ............................. 17 Minimum Firefighter -
Fire Return Intervals and Fire Cycles for Historical Fire Regimes in The
Fire Return Intervals and Fire Cycles for Historic Fire Regimes in the Great Lakes Region: A Synthesis of the Literature Donald I. Dickmann1 and David T. Cleland2 Discussions and descriptions of a “fire regime” require consideration of ecological context. As such a fire regime is defined by not only by the meteorological, physical, and biological properties of an ecosystem, but also by the spatial, temporal, and behavioral characteristics of the fires that burn in it. Although wildland fires are affected by many variables, the fire regime of a particular ecosystem usually is quite distinctive when defined within a particular historic time period. The fundamental premise for this discussion is that fire has been ubiquitous in all Great Lakes ecosystems during the Holocene Epoch, although the characteristic periodicity varies by several orders of magnitude according to regional and landscape ecosystem. Sooner or later—in some cases much sooner, in others much later—every ecosystem experiences fire. While usually considered an exogenous process, the very idea of a fire regime presupposes that fire is an integral part of ecosystem functioning and, in fact, may often be governed by endogenous ecosystem properties (White 1979). The relatively short fire-return intervals and fire cycles for many Great Lakes ecosystems, and the widespread adaptability of plants and animals in this region to fires, supports this contention. As White and Pickett (1985) emphasized, the neat classification of disturbances as endogenous or exogenous is problematic. Definition of terms Although the concept of fire regime seems to be well understood by contemporary ecologists, certain terms descriptive of fire regimes have been used in the literature in a fairly haphazard manner, without adequate attention given to their precise meaning. -
Guidedread083.Pdf
Table of Contents Common Core State Standards ............................................................................... 1 The Summer of 1910 .................................................................................................. 2 The Big Blowup ............................................................................................................. 3 Fighting For Their Lives ............................................................................................ 4 A National Hero ............................................................................................................. 5 After the Fire .................................................................................................................. 6 The Forest Today .......................................................................................................... 7 Interesting Facts ........................................................................................................... 8 Burn Area Map ............................................................................................................. 10 Media Attributions ..................................................................................................... 11 Works Referenced ...................................................................................................... 12 Licensing ........................................................................................................................ 13 Common Core State Standards This text is relevant