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Risk Factors of Malaria Incidence in Working Areas Puskesmas Dawai District East Yapen Sub Province Kepulauan Yapen

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Risk Factors of Malaria Incidence in Working Areas Puskesmas Dawai District East Yapen Sub Province Kepulauan Yapen International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research Vol.3; Issue: 4; Oct.-Dec. 2018 Website: www.ijshr.com Original Research Article ISSN: 2455-7587 Risk Factors of Malaria Incidence in Working Areas Puskesmas Dawai District East Yapen Sub Province Kepulauan Yapen Andi Raya Sarjatno1, A.L. Rantetampang2, Sarce Makaba3, Anwar Mallongi4 1Magister Program of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Cenderawasih University, Jayapura. 2,3Lecturer of Master Program in Public Health. Faculty of Public Health, Cenderawasih University, Jayapura. 4Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. Corresponding Author: Anwar Mallongi ABSTRACT dominant and risky factor is the use of wire netting, the distance of the house, the use of Background: Malaria is one of a health mosquito nets, using mosquito repellent and problem in Papua. The government is trying to going out at night is the dominant factor with elimination malaria but the incidence of malaria the risk of malaria. is still high. Efforts to detect and prevent malaria events continue to be carried out for Keywords: Risk Factors, Malaria Incidence malaria elimination. Research objective: To determine the risk 1. INTRODUCTION factors for malaria in the Dawai Health Center Malaria is one of the public health in Yapen Timur District, Yapen Islands problems that can cause death, especially in Regency high-risk groups, namely infants, toddlers, Research Methods: Analytical with case pregnant women, besides malaria directly control study design. The population were who came to visit the Dawai Health Center, with a causes anemia and can reduce work total sample of 30 people and 60 controls. Data productivity (Director General P2PL, 2008). were obtained using questionnaires, Malaria is an infectious disease caused by observations, medical record data from plasmodium parasites that live and multiply laboratory results and analyzed using chi square in human blood cells, transmitted by female test and logistic binary regression. malaria (anopheles sp) mosquitoes. Malaria Results: Factors that have no effect and risk are is also a re-emerging disease (a disease that job variables (ρ-value = 0.501; OR = 1.496; suddenly increases) and occurs in 107 CI95% = (0.620 - 3.605), education (ρ-value = countries with patients reaching 300-500 0.203; OR = 1.962; CI95% = (0,807 - 4,766), million people and cases of death reaching 1 income (ρ-value = 0,941; OR = 0,875; CI95% = million people every year including children (0,364 - 2,105), distance of house (ρ-value = 0,110; OR = 2,286; CI95% = (0,933– 5,599) (Dirjen P2PL, 2013). Malaria is a very livestock cages (ρ-value = 0.708; OR = 1.308; dominant infectious disease in the tropics CI95% = (0.543 - 3.150). Factors that have no and sub-tropics that can be deadly. In effect but are at risk are standing water (ρ-value Indonesia today, malaria is still a major = 0.056; OR = 2.875; CI95% = (1,072-7,710) public health problem. The average malaria While the factors that influence and risk are the case is estimated at 15 million clinical cases use of wire netting (ρ-value = 0.021; OR = per year. The population at risk of malaria is 3.267; CI95% = (1.2283 - 8.316), the type of the population who generally live in areas house wall (ρ-value = 0,021; OR = 3,217; endemic to malaria, estimated at 85.1 CI95% = (1,282 - 8,076), use of mosquito nets million with low, moderate and high (ρ-value = 0,009; OR = 3,754; CI95% = (1,469 - endemicity rates. Malaria 60 percent attacks 9,994) using malaria mosquito repellent (ρ- value = 0.020; OR = 3.208; CI95% = (1,288 - productive age. (Harmendo). 7,990), going out at night (ρ-value = 0,030; OR The government views malaria as a = 3,143; CI95% = (1,209 - 8,167). The threat to the health status of the community, International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 34 Vol.3; Issue: 4; October-December 2018 Andi Raya Sarjatno et.al. Risk Factors of Malaria Incidence in Working Areas Puskesmas Dawai District East Yapen Sub Province Kepulauan Yapen. especially to people living in remote areas. indicators of Sustainable Development This is reflected in the issuance of Goals (SDGs) in the 3.3 target of ending the Presidential Regulation Number 2 of 2015 epidemic of AIDS, Tuberculosis, Malaria concerning the 2015-2019 National Medium and neglected tropical diseases and Term Development Plan where malaria is a combating hepatitis, water-borne diseases priority disease that needs to be addressed. and other infectious diseases. In 2016, a Diseases that have an impact on the decline total of 178.7 million people in Indonesia in the quality of human resources have a (69%) had lived in areas free of malaria strong influence on the emergence of transmission; a total of 63.6 million people various social and economic problems. (25%) lived in areas with low risk of Based on data from the World Malaria malaria transmission, the rest who lived in Report on the World Health Organization moderate risk areas and high. Compared to (WHO) in 2016 there were approximately the previous year, there was an increase in 212 million new cases of malaria and percentage, along with the number of caused the deaths of around 429 thousand districts / cities that had reached people worldwide. (Director General of elimination. (Director General of P2P, P2P, 2017). 2017)According to the World Health The malaria eradication policy in Organization (WHO), there are an estimated Indonesia since 1959 was carried out by 247 million malaria cases in 3.3 billion obtaining assistance from the World Health people, and cause around 1 million people Organization (WHO) and the United State to die. Malaria is still a public health of America Indonesia Development problem in Indonesia. 73.6% are malaria (USAID). The malaria eradication program endemic areas and 45% of the population held was called the Malaria Eradication are at risk of contracting malaria. Based on Program (MEP). In 1962 a program called the Household Health Survey in 2000-2008, KOPEM (Command for the Eradication of API (Annual Parasite Incidence) and AMI Malaria Operations) was carried out. With (Annual Malaria Incidence) showed a the success achieved, efforts and strategies downward trend. API in 2000 0.81 per 1000 for eradicating malaria are emphasized on population continued to decline to 0.15 per activities that eradicate malaria. In 1968 1000 population in 2004. API in 2006 KOPEM was officially abolished, then the increased to 0.19 per 1000 population. countermeasure method was changed to the The province of Papua which is Malaria Control Program. (Eli Winandi, located in the easternmost part of Indonesia 2004). Malaria prevention efforts continue known as one of the malaria endemic areas to be carried out; so far it has shown in Indonesia with morbidity ranks first of significant results. The Millennium the top 10 diseases, in 2009 the number of Development Goals (MDGs) target for AMI (Annual Malaria Incidence) in Papua malaria, which is to reduce the incidence of reached 33.91 per 1000 population or malaria worldwide in 2015, has been 81,205 sufferers and in 2010 the number of achieved with a 37% decrease in malaria AMI (Annual Malaria Incidence) increased incidence worldwide since 2000. to 32.27 per 1000 population or 86,952 Meanwhile, the worldwide mortality rate patients. Predominant vector types that are from malaria between 2000-2015 was spread in Papua are Anopheles Farauti, successful suppressed to 60% and around Anopheles Koliensis, and Anopheles 6.2 million people could be saved thanks to puncutulatus, the high incidence and upayascale up malaria interventions carried prevalence of malaria show that malaria out by all countries in the world. eradication efforts have not been optimal or The malaria program has reached the not optimal. (Imbiri, Suhartono 2012) Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Annual Parasite Incidence (API) is indicator and malaria is included in the an indicator to monitor the progress of International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 35 Vol.3; Issue: 4; October-December 2018 Andi Raya Sarjatno et.al. Risk Factors of Malaria Incidence in Working Areas Puskesmas Dawai District East Yapen Sub Province Kepulauan Yapen. malaria. Malaria morbidity rate (API) in Yapen Islands Regency".Efforts to eradicate 2015 was 322.6 per 1000 population. The and combat malaria have been carried out in mortality rate / Case Fatality Rate (CFR) in an effort to achieve the 2030 malaria 2015 was 0.06% or as many as 12 cases. For elimination program in Papua. Malaria APIs in stringed health centers, it has which is still difficult in eradicating in increased from 2016 at 215.1% to 2017 Papua is related to inadequate 362.1%. (Yapen Islands Regency Health environmental management, low economic Profile 2017).Various efforts to eradicate status of the population, lack of nutritional malaria in Yapen Islands District in general status, limited health services, and lack of and the Dawai Health Center area in support for healthy lifestyles. particular have been carried out according to the existing programs, for example taking 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS preventive measures with vector control, 2.1 Types of research active patient discovery activities / ACD The research that will be carried out is an (Active Case Detection) and passive / PCD observational study using a case control (Passive Case Finding), treatment for study. The design was chosen because it clinical patients and patients with laboratory was in accordance with the purpose of the confirmation, treatment of severe malaria study that is to analyze the risk factors that (Inpatient Health Center) and surveillance. affect the occurrence of a disease. This (Health Profile of Yapen Islands District study was conducted to measure the 2017).
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