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1 Multimedia Systems Qcode: 695 Subcode MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS QCODE: 695 SUBCODE: 35281 PART-A Each question carries 2 marks. Answer five question. Q.no.8 compulsory. 1. What is virtual reality? Virtual reality is a system that gives the user the feeling of being in control of the environment or the environment interacting in response to the user’s action (a sense of real environment). 2. What is OpenGL? OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a cross-language and cross-platform API (Application Program Interface) used for defining 2D and 3D graphics images. 3. What is cell-based animation? Cell-based animations consists of multiple drawings, each one a little different from others. When displayed in rapid sequence the drawings appear to move. 4. What is the need for compression? (Any two) 1. To reduce the file size 2. To reduce the amount of required storage 3. To increase the speed of data access 4. To increase the speed of data transmission through network 5. To reduce the storage cost and transmission cost. 5. Expand PNG. PNG-Portable Network Graphics PNG format is used for high resolution graphics images and animation. 6. What is the function of DSP? Digital Signal Processor (DSP) controls the contrast and other details of the image and compress it. Then the image is stored as files such as JPG and GIF. 7. What is client side scripting? The scripting programs that run at the client machine is called client-side scripting. 8. What is MOD? Media on demand is a system that allows the user to select and watch the audio or video contents. PART-B Each question carries 3 marks. Answer five questions. Q.no.16 compulsory. 9. What is 3D technology? How is holography related to 3D technology? If the pixel of an image is represented by three coordinate values X, Y, Z then it is a 3D image. Photographic recording of the light field of an image is known as hologram. 1 Holography is a technique of creating 3D images by applying light effects, laser beam and optical illution on a photographic image. 10. Explain briefly about (a) Dithering Dithering is the process of changing the unavailable colors into the closest available colors. This is done by the help of color palette. (b) Rendering The process of converting 3-D objects into 2D objects on a computer display with the realistic effect is called rendering. 11. What is object based animation? Object based animations are created by moving an object across a screen. This type of animations is usually seen in computer games. For example, a car moving across the screen. In this animation only one picture is drawn. Then the entire picture is moved slowly. 12. List down the advantages and disadvantages of fractal compression. Advantages Compression ratio is very high Non-lossy compression. Function are image resolution independent When expanding the image, sharpness does not change. Disadvantages It takes longer time for compression Asymmetric compression. 13. Write briefly about social media sharing. Multimedia files are transferred and shared using storage devices such as CD, DVD and pen drives. It becomes easy to share multimedia files using social media networks such as Whatsapp, tweeter, facebook etc. Information can be shared through social media using computers as well as mobile phones. 14. Explain the working of active LED matrix display. An active LCD matrix display contains 640 x 480 pixels same as passive LCD matrix display. It is faster than passive LCD matrix system because the number of transistors used is very high. For example there are 640 x 480 x 3 = 921600 transistors used for VGA and 800 x 600 x 3 =1,440, 000 transistors used for SVGA display. 15. Discuss briefly about bandwidth bottleneck. Bandwidth is defined as the amount of data that can be transmitted in a given period of time. It is usually measured in bits per second (bps). Bottleneck is a situation occurring in a transmission medium when the bandwidth of incoming data is very lower than the receiving end. Bottleneck generally occurs due to poor transmission medium like telephone medium. 2 16. Compare MIDI and digital audio. [Any Three] S. No MIDI Digital Audio 1 Smaller file size 200 to 1000 times larger than MIDI. 2 Requires less CPU resources More CPU resources required 3 Can be load and play quickly on web Slower performance on web pages. pages 4 Quality depends on the synthesizer Quality depends on the file format 5 Does not support spoken dialogue Supports spoken dialogue 6 Less number of software tools available Very large number of software tools for editing MIDI. available for editing digital audio. 7 Musical knowledge must be required. User need not be having musical knowledge. PART-C Each question carries 10 marks. Answer division (a) or division (b). 17. (a) (i) Explain the various multimedia elements. [Any five] [5m] Multimedia applications require dynamic handling of data consisting of a mix of text, voice, audio components, video components and image animation. Based on the definition of multimedia, its elements fall into 10 categories. Fascimile: FAX was the first practical means of transmitting document images over telephone lines. This basic technology has lower dpi of 100 to 200. Document Images: Document images are used for storing business documents that must be retained for long periods of time or may need to be accessed by a large number of people. Providing multimedia access to such documents removes the need for making several copies of the original for storage or distribution. Photographic images: Photographic images are used for a wide range of applications- such as employee records for instant identification at a security desk, real estate systems with photograph of houses in the database containing the description of houses and medical case histories. Geographic information systems map: Map created in GIS systems is being used widely for natural resources and wild life management as well as urban planning. The map containing database items contains wildlife statistics or details of the floors and rooms and workers in an office building. Voice commands and voice synthesis: Voice synthesis is used for presenting the results of an action to the user in a synthesized voice. Application such as a patient monitoring system in a surgical theatre will be prime beneficiaries of these capabilities. Voice commands allow the user to direct computer operation by spoken commands. Audio message: annotated voice mail already uses audio or voice messages as attachments to memos and documents such as maintenance manuals. Video messages: they are being used in a manner similar to annotated voice mail. Stored and live full-motion video: Stored full-motion videos are used for e-mails and live full-motion videos are used for presentations and video conferencing. Fractals: The objects that are stored as computer generated algorithms are known as fractals. 3 (ii) Explain in detail about the structure of a VRML file. [5m] A VRML file contains the following The file header Comments - remarks to the user Nodes - Scene information Fields - Attributes of the node Values - Values of the attributes Node name - Names of the nodes. Example The following VRML code is written to create a 3D cylinder. #VRML V.20 ut f8 #A cylinder Shape { Appearance { Material matrial {} Geometry cylinder { Height 2.0 Radious 1.5 } } } (Or) (b) (i) Explain in detail about hypermedia documents. [5m] Hypermedia documents are computer based documents that contains text, graphics, audio and video on pages that are connected by navigational links called hyperlinks. These links allow multiple views and non-linear interactions of information. Hypermedia documents can be printed, written, read, sent and received in electronic form through networks. Hypermedia documents are the electronic documents that contain not only text but linked multimedia objects such as image, audio and full-motion video. The multimedia document with rich set of interlinks and hyperlinks is known as hypermedia document. Hypermedia document contains HYPERTEXT and HYPERSPEECH. 4 Hypertext – Text that contains link with another document or another page of the same document is known as Hypertext. Hyperspeech – is a speech only hypermedia application that explores issues of speech user interfaces and navigations. (ii) Write short notes on Windows and open source API. [5m] The open source helpers like mGitHub and SourceForge provide invaluable resources for those searching for assistance in creating their own applications. Most popular development tools, mobile development tools, APIs, text editors and IDEs are available in open source. Some of the Microsoft open source. Software are below. (a) Software Development – GW-BASIC, JSript, VBscript, visual studio, Visual Studio, Visual C#, Visual J#, Visual J++, Windows API. (b) 3D softwares – Microsoft Softimage, Direct 3D, Windows 3D Builder, Microsoft VRMI 2.0, Holo studio. (c) Operating Systems – MS-DOS, Windows NT, Windows CE, Windows Mobile, Windows XP, Windows 7, Xenix. (d) Windows Components – Internet Explorer, Calculator, Paint, Notepad, Windows Chat, Windows Media Player. 18. (a) (i) Explain about hypertext tools. [5m] Hyper text writers need to work with complex structures. Hypertext tools are used to displaying and manipulating these hypertext structures. Example: Storyspace, Eastgate web squirrel These tools are used to build the complex structures through direct manipulation. Instead of describing the structure., the winter just up pick up the objects on the screen, drag them into other objects or draw connection between the objects. The following figure shows creating structure using the hypertext tool story space In the above figure, the user paced nine objects and drew the links among them. 5 (ii) Write briefly about colour image processing. [5m] Color image is a digital image in which each pixel having colour information. A colour image has three values per pixel, they measure the intensity, chrominance and brightness of light.
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