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Gender Balance in the Nordic Forest Sector

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Gender Balance in the Nordic Forest Sector Gender balance PHOTO: PÄR FORNLING in the Nordic forest sector Birger Vennesland, Björg Björnsdottir, Ann Dolling, Teppo Hujala, SNS Line Nybakken, Niels Strange and Sara Maria Hildebrand Nordic Forest Research Foreword Acknowledgements In recent years, the Nordic Council of Ministers (NCM) has focused To conduct this study, different institutions and persons have been contacted. We want to thank everyone for helping on equal opportunities regardless of whether you are a man or a wo- out with inputs particularly data collection and explanation of institutions. man. Nordic Forest Research (SNS), as a co-operating body under NCM, has furthered these goals by initiating and funding this pro- Norway Sweden Finland Den- Iceland ject. The scope of the present project was to acquire and compare fresh data on mark gender distribution among forestry (higher education) students and in different Kvinner i skogbruket: Skogsstyrelsen: The Central Union of Agricultural Skogræktin – Icelandic types of forest organizations in the Nordic Countries. Knowledge on gender Kirsten Engeset, Raymond Wide Producers and Forest Owners (MTK): Forest Service: Edda equality practices and ambitions was not part of the task, but may be included Tone L. Fogth, Erno Järvinen Sigurdis Oddsdottir, Britt T. Godtlund Sigridur Julia in possible follow-up projects. Brynleifsdottir Velg Skog: Jørn Lileng SLU: Gun Lidestav Employers of private Forestry Agricultural University Birger Vennesland at the Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy (NIBIO) has (Privatskogsbrukets arbetsgivare): of Iceland: Bjarni Didrik coordinated the project. Sara Hildebrand from Switzerland has assisted in Markus Tähkänen Sigurdsson collecting data as part of her Internship within SNS. Skogkurs: Eva Skage- Stora Segerstad: Finnish Forest Centre: Kai Blauberg, Icelandic Forestry stad Maria Elinder Veikko Iittainen, Pertti Syrjälä Association: Ragnhildur Freysteinsdottir There was a need to establish a working group of researchers interested in NMBU: Brage Monsen, LRF (Federation of Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Icelandic Forest Owner gender issues in the Nordic forestry sector. Andreas Brunner Swedish farmers): Forestry: Matti Heikurainen Association: Åsa Odell Petra Hlynur Gauti Sigurdsson The following working group was formed with researchers from the five Pilawa Magnus Kindbom Nordic countries: Teppo Hujala (Finland), Björg Björnsdottir (Iceland), Ann Høgskolen i Innlandet, Linnaeus University: LUVA – Natural Resources (METO- The Forester Associa- Dolling (Sweden), Line Nybakken (Norway) and Niels Strange (Denmark). INN: Hanne Kathrine Cecilia Malmqvist Forestry Experts Association): Erkki tion in Iceland: Brynja Sjølie Etelä-Aho, Anne Marttinen Hrafnkelsdottir Everybody within the working group has contributed to collection of data LMD: Frode Lysandtræ Metsä Group/Metsä Forest: Krista Kimmo as well as writing the report. We have had ten meetings to secure a common Skogeiersamvirket: Berit Natural Resources Institute Finland understanding of the substance in the report. Sanness, Inge Myrlund, (Luke): Minna Kuusisto, Nina mana- Viken Skog SA gers Janne Artell, Tuula Jyske, Matleena Kniivilä, Kari T. Korhonen, Jaana Kotro, Ås 5 juni 2020 Mikko Kurttila, Riitta Laitinen, Pauliina Birger Vennesland Louhi, Päivi Merilä, Sirpa Piirainen, Sirja Coordinator Viitala FMLA: Erik Edvard Foss, South-Eastern Finland University of Chr Rekkedal, Elisabeth Applied Sciences: Pasi Pakkala Schmidt, Ole Anton Røy- ne, Trude Hagen Hansen, Odd Løset, Marita Bruun, Jens Arild, Kroken Bård Skrøvset, Helge Molvig Stora Enso Wood Supply Finland: Kalle Kärhä The Union of Professionals in Natural, Environmental and Forestry Sciences Loimu: Henri Annila University of Eastern Finland: Noora Ala-aho, Katri Hartikainen University of Helsinki: Maria Niemelä 2 3 Table of contents 1 Introduction Among the Nordic countries, the promotion of We assume that gender identities and gender Foreword 2 gender equality is highly valued. The Nordic expression in most cases make people recog- Acknowledgements 3 Council of Ministers for Gender Equality nizable as women or men. We do not assume 1 Introduction 5 (MR-JÄM) has centralized the importance of anything about their sexes without further in- equal rights and equal opportunities for all pe- formation. http://web.uvic.ca/~ahdevor/How- 2 Legislation concerning equality in Nordic countries 7 ople when searching for jobs. Many/HowMany.html 2.1 Equality and anti-discrimination acts 7 Nordic Forest Research (SNS) is a co-ope- The share of women as board members in rating body under the Nordic Council of larger publicly-listed companies has increa- 2.2 Acts encouraging a 40 % share of both genders as board members 7 Ministers that strives to enhance benefits for sed during the last 15 years (nordicstatistics. 2.3 Acts that have historical influence 8 the Nordic region and contribute to a sustai- org). In fact, since 2008, all Nordic countries 2.4 Summary of legislation concerning equality 9 nable society. The SNS strategy plan focuses have had a higher share of women as board on improving gender equality and social in- members than the EU-wide average (see fi- 3 Data and methods 10 clusion, and ensuring that equality becomes gure 1). How does this look like in the forest 3.1 Data sources 10 a regular feature of work in the Nordic forest sector? sector. This project had the goal to evaluate the 3.2 Collection of data 10 When we use the term gender, we refer to status of equality in the Nordic forest sector. 4 Results 12 persons’ social status as women or men. They Forestry is still regarded as a maledominated 4.1 Forestry in the Nordic countries 12 may be cis- or transgender, or non-binary. We sector. To test this belief, we examined the note that at present, most Nordic forest sector representation of women at different levels 4.2 Research 14 organizations recognize only women and men within the key parts of the forest sector. We 4.3 Education 17 but no other categories in their gender distri- considered forestry activities up to the road- 4.4 Public administration 20 bution data. side and related support activities; thus, we left 4.5 Interest groups 23 4.6 Forest owners 25 4.7 Forest owners associations 26 4.8 Forest engineering companies 29 Figure 1 Share of women as board members of larger publicly-listed companies 5 Analysing data at the Nordic level 32 50 5.1 Overall picture 32 5.2 Trends 34 5.3 Based on the results, what do we see? 34 40 6 Directions for further research 36 7 Websites used 37 30 8 Appendix 38 8.1 Norway 38 8.2 Sweden 41 20 8.3 Denmark 43 Iceland 8.4 Finland 44 Norway 10 Sweden 8.5 Iceland 49 Finland Denmark EU 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 4 5 2 Legislation concerning equality in the Nordic countries transport, manufacturing, sales, and marketing portunities between men and women in the 2.1 Equality and Anti-Discrimination Acts In the forest sector, the above requirements by the forest industries outside the scope of Nordic forest sector. As the first part of this regulate the Finnish Ministry of Agriculture this report. In addition to fresh data on gender study, we compared legislation amongthe dif- All five countries have a law on “Equality and and Forestry, the Finnish Forest Centre, and distributions, we have searched for trends to ferent countries. We paid particular attention Anti-Discrimination”. The purpose of these the municipal committees deciding on the use see if there has been an increase in the share of to legislation that influences the forest sector acts is to promote equality and prevent dis- of municipal forests. It is noteworthy that in female representation within the Nordic forest directly. crimination based on gender, pregnancy, lea- Finland, forest management associations (i.e. sector. The present exploration, however, did To secure our aspiration for an equal society, ve in connection with childbirth or adoption, forest owner organization) are regulated via not go on to study equality practices. different countries have different legislations. care responsibilities, ethnicity, religion, belief, the Act on Forest Management Associations, By analysing perceptions and reality in diffe- Besides the focus on legislations related to disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, which does not regulate gender equality. rent levels of the forest sector, the main output equality issues within each country, we sear- gender expression, age or other significant from the project outlined in this report is know- ched for legislations that has influence on fo- characteristics of a person. ledge presented for policy makers. We have restry and equality. 2.2.4 Denmark ”Equality” means equal status, equal oppor- focused especially on comparison between the At the end, based on the data collected, we In December 2012, rules were introduced in tunities and equal rights. Equality presupposes Nordic countries to recognize commonalities try to outline where further research should be the Companies Act (section 139a) and the Da- accessibility and accommodation. and differences. focused to strengthen equality in the Nordic nish Financial Statements Act (section 99b) We aim to reach equal status and equal op- forest sector. concerning target figures and policies for the gender composition of the management in the 2.2 Acts encouraging a 40 percent share largest Danish companies. This means that the largest companies in 2.2.1 Norway Denmark must set targets for the proportion of Lov om Allmennaksjeselskaper (Allmennak-
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