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Och Stenlevande Lavar I Naturskyddade Områden Mark– och stenlevande lavar i naturskyddade områden. Meddelande 2006:5 Titel: Mark- och stenlevande lavar i naturskyddade områden i Hallands län Utgivare: Länsstyrelsen i Hallands län Författare: Ulf Arup AREK BIOKONSULT HB Skoghusvägen 2072 280 10 Sösdala Telefon: 0451-603 99 E-post: [email protected] Beställningsadress: Länsstyrelsen i Hallands län Enheten för naturvård & miljöövervakning 306 15 Halmstad 035/13 20 00 vxl [email protected] Foton: Ulf Arup Layout och kartor: Örjan Fritz Copyright: Länsstyrelsen i Hallands län Upplaga: 300 ex Meddelandeserie: Meddelande 2006:5 ISSN: 1101-1084 ISRN: LSTY-N-M-2006/5-SE Tryck: Halmstads Tryckeri AB, Halmstad, 2006 Omslagets framsida: Porpidia platycarpoides Hallands län Mark- och stenlevande lavar i natur- skyddade områden i Hallands län Ulf Arup 1 Mark- och stenlevande lavar 2 Hallands län Innehåll Svensk sammanfattning..................................................................................4 English summary ............................................................................................5 Bakgrund ........................................................................................................6 Kunskapsläget i Hallands län – en historisk tillbakablick.............................6 Syftet med inventeringen................................................................................7 Material och metoder......................................................................................7 Resultat...........................................................................................................9 Diversitet...............................................................................................9 Missade eller försvunna arter.............................................................10 Rödlistade arter...................................................................................10 Andra rödlistade arter.........................................................................11 Lokalt och regionalt sällsynta arter....................................................12 Nya arter för landet.............................................................................14 Nya arter för vetenskapen...................................................................14 Viktiga miljöer och områden..............................................................15 Naturvårdsaspekter och skötsel....................................................................16 Igenväxning ........................................................................................16 Upphörd ljungbränning ......................................................................17 Avverkning av gammal skog ..............................................................17 Alltför stort graninslag i lövskogar ....................................................18 Stora fluktuationer av vattennivån i sjöar och vattendrag .................18 Luft- och vattenföroreningar ..............................................................18 Tack...............................................................................................................18 Litteratur.......................................................................................................19 Appendix 1. Lavfloran i olika miljöer ..........................................................................20 Sandig tallskog ...................................................................................21 Hallandsåsens nordsluttning med ädellövskog och bäckar................21 Ljung- och gräshedar med block ........................................................22 Kulturmiljöer runt gamla gårdar ........................................................23 Åar och bäckar....................................................................................23 Sjöstränder..........................................................................................24 Beskuggade branter, lodytor och blockiga miljöer ............................25 Exponerade N- till O-vända lodytor...................................................26 Klippstränder vid kusten ....................................................................26 Havsstrandsklippor och block ............................................................28 Cement, murbruk, betong ...................................................................29 2. Lavfloran i de olika områdena .................................................................30 Laholms kommun ...............................................................................30 Halmstads kommun ............................................................................33 Hylte kommun ....................................................................................41 Falkenbergs kommun..........................................................................42 Varbergs kommun...............................................................................47 Kungsbacka kommun .........................................................................55 3. Kommenterad artlista...............................................................................64 4. Utbredningskartor.....................................................................................88 5. Artlista ......................................................................................................93 6. Lavfloran på gravfältet i Fjärås bräcka 2005 ........................................109 3 Mark- och stenlevande lavar Svensk sammanfattning På uppdrag av Länsstyrelsen Halland har lavfloran Det är svårt att peka ut speciellt viktiga miljöer då i på mark och sten undersökts i befintliga som bliv- princip alla besökta miljöer har några ovanliga art- ande reservat, naturvårds- eller Natura 2000-områ- er eller åtminstone lokalt sällsynta arter. En rang- den. Totalt besöktes 82 olika områden i länet. Dessa ordning har ändå gjorts där 29 av de 82 inventerade varierar kraftigt i arealstorlek och artrikedom. I det områdena utpekas som mer värdefulla än de andra. artfattigaste området, Årnarp, noterades bara 6 art- Dessutom rangordnas de sinsemellan i tre olika er och i det artrikaste, Vendelsö, drygt 150 arter. I grupper. Vid bedömningen har hänsyn tagits till art- nästan samtliga områden noterades intressanta art- rikedom och förekomst av lokalt och regional säll- er som antingen är sällsynta, rödlistade eller nya för synta arter samt om de är rödlistade eller ej. De öv- landskapet. Totalt omfattar artlistan ca 373 arter av riga 53 områdena anses dock inte sakna värden utan lavar, parasymbionter eller parasiter. Av de 373 arter- hyser en eller flera intressanta arter vardera. na är 81 nya för landskapet Halland och två är nya för landskapet Småland. Med dessa nya arter har Det finns flera hot mot lavfloran på sten och mark. artantalet i landskapet Halland ökat från 695 till 776, För många arter som är ljuskrävande är igenväxning en ökning med ca det största ho- 12 %. Av de 373 art- tet. Åtminstone erna är fyra rödlist- en nationellt ade och en femte hotad art är di- har varit rödlistad rekt beroende under hela inventer- av bränning av ingen, men avförts ljunghedar. För från listan 2005. arter knutna till Ytterligare 120 får lodytor, berg- anses vara sällsynta, branter och lik- fyra (ev. fem) är nya nande platser i för landet och slut- lövskog med ligen är sex eventu- jämn och hög ellt nya för veten- luftfuktighet är skapen. avverkning av den omkring- Man kan se en tyd- Fig. I. Carbonea supersparsa parasiterar med sina svarta apothecier liggande sko- lig trend i artantal framför allt på Lecanora polytropa och dess närmaste släktingar. gen ett starkt bland områdena. hot. Ett alltför Artrikast är Kungsbacka och Varberg kommuners stort graninslag i lövskogen intill lodytor och berg- stora kustreservat med varierande exponering för branter är dock negativt då det skuggar ut lavfloran. ljus, vind, salt och vågor. Där finns 65-150 arter, I de äldre kulturmiljöerna finns ofta gamla stenmurar medan många områden längre söderut hyser upp till och stenrösen, som har lång kontinuitet. Det är dock ca 70 arter. Artrika miljöer är även kulturlandskap- inte ovanligt att dessa habitat växer igen och det är en runt gamla gårdar med 50-70 arter vardera. Så viktigt att det röjs runt dem. Bränning skadar dock fort stenytor beskuggas av skog eller buskar minsk- lavfloran och kan inte rekommenderas. Många art- ar artantalet. Inlandsområdena hyser således ofta 10– er är knutna till stränder av vattendrag och sjöar. 40 arter färre än kustreservaten. Öppna betesmark- För dessa är stora fluktuationer i vattennivån ett stort er med block och klippor är ofta relativt artrika med hot, även om mindre naturliga vattenståndsvaria- 30–50 arter. Lavfloran i och vid bäckar och åar är tioner kan vara en förutsättning för att de ska trivas. ofta inte så artrik då de hyser starkt specialiserade arter. Sjöstränder är ibland något artrikare, men det Liksom för många trädlevande arter är luftförore- beror på hur bred strandremsan med sten är och hur ningar negativt för mark-och stenlevande arter, men brant klipporna lutar. Artantalet är högre i norra kunskapen därom är begränsad. Gifter och höga Halland än i södra, men det är inte överraskande näringshalter i vattendrag och sjöar är också ett hot. eftersom Bohuslän och Västergötlands kusttrakter Däremot är kunskapen nästan obefintlig vad gäller är mycket artrika. effekterna av föroreningar och övergödning i havet på lavfloran på kustklippor. 4 Hallands län English summary The lichen flora growing on rocks
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