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A Success Story Or a Failure? : Representing the European Integration in the Curricula and Textbooks of Five Countries
I Inari Sakki A Success Story or a Failure? Representing the European Integration in the Curricula and Textbooks of Five Countries II Social psychological studies 25 Publisher: Social Psychology, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki Editorial Board: Klaus Helkama, Chair Inga Jasinskaja-Lahti, Editor Karmela Liebkind Anna-Maija Pirttilä-Backman Kari Mikko Vesala Maaret Wager Jukka Lipponen Copyright: Inari Sakki and Unit of Social Psychology University of Helsinki P.O. Box 4 FIN-00014 University of Helsinki I wish to thank the many publishers who have kindly given the permission to use visual material from their textbooks as illustrations of the analysis. All efforts were made to find the copyright holders, but sometimes without success. Thus, I want to apologise for any omissions. ISBN 978-952-10-6423-4 (Print) ISBN 978-952-10-6424-1 (PDF) ISSN 1457-0475 Cover design: Mari Soini Yliopistopaino, Helsinki, 2010 III ABSTRAKTI Euroopan yhdentymisprosessin edetessä ja syventyessä kasvavat myös vaatimukset sen oikeutuksesta. Tästä osoituksena ovat muun muassa viimeaikaiset mediassa käydyt keskustelut EU:n perustuslakiäänestysten seurauksista, kansalaisten EU:ta ja euroa kohtaan osoittamasta ja tuntemasta epäluottamuksesta ja Turkin EU-jäsenyydestä. Taloudelliset ja poliittiset argumentit tiiviimmän yhteistyön puolesta eivät aina riitä kansalaisten tuen saamiseen ja yhdeksi ratkaisuksi on esitetty yhteisen identiteetin etsimistä. Eurooppalaisen identiteetin sanotaan voivan parhaiten muodostua silloin, kun perheen, koulutuksen -
DIRECTIVE (EU) 2018/1673 of the EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT and of the COUNCIL of 23 October 2018 on Combating Money Laundering by Criminal Law
L 284/22 EN Official Journal of the European Union 12.11.2018 DIRECTIVES DIRECTIVE (EU) 2018/1673 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 October 2018 on combating money laundering by criminal law THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 83(1) thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission, After transmission of the draft legislative act to the national parliaments, Acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure ( 1 ), Whereas: (1) Money laundering and the related financing of terrorism and organised crime remain significant problems at Union level, thus damaging the integrity, stability and reputation of the financial sector and threatening the internal market and the internal security of the Union. In order to tackle those problems and to complement and reinforce the application of Directive (EU) 2015/849 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 2), this Directive aims to combat money laundering by means of criminal law, enabling more efficient and swifter cross-border cooperation between competent authorities. (2) Measures adopted solely at national or even at Union level, without taking into account international coordination and cooperation, would have very limited effect. The measures adopted by the Union to combat money laundering should therefore be compatible with, and at least as stringent as, other actions undertaken in international fora. (3) Union action should continue to take particular account of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Recommen dations and instruments of other international organisations and bodies active in the fight against money laun dering and terrorist financing. -
The European Union in Transition: the Treaty of Nice in Effect; Enlargement in Sight; a Constitution in Doubt
Fordham International Law Journal Volume 27, Issue 2 2003 Article 1 The European Union in Transition: The Treaty of Nice in Effect; Enlargement in Sight; A Constitution in Doubt Roger J. Goebel∗ ∗ Copyright c 2003 by the authors. Fordham International Law Journal is produced by The Berke- ley Electronic Press (bepress). http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ilj The European Union in Transition: The Treaty of Nice in Effect; Enlargement in Sight; A Constitution in Doubt Roger J. Goebel Abstract This Article is intended to provide an overview of this transitional moment in the history of the European Union. Initially, the Article will briefly review the background of the Treaty of Nice, and the institutional structure modifications for which it provides, which paves the way for enlargement. Next it will describe the final stages of the enlargement process. Finally, the Article will set out the principal institutional innovations and certain other key aspects of the draft Constitution, the most important issues concerning them, and the current impasse. THE EUROPEAN UNION IN TRANSITION: THE TREATY OF NICE IN EFFECT; ENLARGEMENT IN SIGHT; A CONSTITUTION IN DOUBT Rogerj Goebel* INTRODUCTION Once again the European Union' (the "EU" or the "Union") is in a stage of radical evolution. Since the early 1990's, the EU has anticipated an extraordinary increase in its constituent Member States2 through the absorption of a large number of Central European and Mediterranean nations. Since the late 1990's, the Union has been negotiating the precise terms for their entry with a dozen applicant nations and has been providing cooperative assistance to them to prepare for their accession to the Union and in particular, its principal con- stituent part, the European Community.3 As this enlargement of the Union came more clearly in sight, the political leadership and the present Member States, joined by the Commission, con- * Professor and Director of the Center on European Union Law, Fordham Univer- sity School of Law. -
Implementing the Protocol 36 Opt
September 2012 Opting out of EU Criminal law: What is actually involved? Alicia Hinarejos, J.R. Spencer and Steve Peers CELS Working Paper, New Series, No.1 http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/publications/working_papers.php Centre for European Legal Studies • 10 West Road • Cambridge CB3 9DZ Telephone: 01223 330093 • Fax: 01223 330055 • http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Protocol 36 to the Lisbon Treaty gives the UK the right to opt out en bloc of all the police and criminal justice measures adopted under the Treaty of Maastricht ahead of the date when the Court of Justice of the EU at Luxembourg will acquire jurisdiction in relation to them. The government is under pressure to use this opt-out in order to “repatriate criminal justice”. It is rumoured that this opt-out might be offered as a less troublesome alternative to those are calling for a referendum on “pulling out of Europe”. Those who advocate the Protocol 36 opt-out appear to assume that it would completely remove the UK from the sphere of EU influence in matters of criminal justice and that the opt-out could be exercised cost-free. In this Report, both of these assumptions are challenged. It concludes that if the opt-out were exercised the UK would still be bound by a range of new police and criminal justice measures which the UK has opted into after Lisbon. And it also concludes that the measures opted out of would include some – notably the European Arrest Warrant – the loss of which could pose a risk to law and order. -
Explaining the Treaty of Amsterdam: Interests, Influence, Institutions*
Journal of Common Market Studies Vol. 37, No. 1 March 1999 pp. 59–85 Explaining the Treaty of Amsterdam: Interests, Influence, Institutions* ANDREW MORAVCSIK and KALYPSO NICOLAÏDIS Harvard University Abstract This article offers a basic explanation of the process and outcome of negotiat- ing the Treaty of Amsterdam. We pose three questions: What explains the national preferences of the major governments? Given those substantive national preferences, what explains bargaining outcomes among them? Given those substantive bargains, what explains the choice of international institu- tions to implement them? We argue in favour of an explanation based on three elements. Issue-specific interdependence explains national preferences. Inter- state bargaining based on asymmetrical interdependence explains the out- comes of substantive negotiation. The need for credible commitments explains institutional choices to pool and delegate sovereignty. Other oft-cited factors – European ideology, supranational entrepreneurship, technocratic consider- ations, or the random flux and non-rational processes of ‘garbage can’ decision-making – play secondary roles. Remaining areas of ambiguity are flagged for future research. * We would like to thank Simon Bulmer, Noreen Burrows, Stanley Crossick, Richard Corbett, Franklin Dehousse, Youri Devuyst, Geoffrey Edwards, Nigel Evans, Stephen George, Simon Hix, Karl Johansson, Nikos Kotzias, Sonia Mazey, John Peterson, Constantino Papadopoulos, Michel Petite, Eric Philippart, Jeremy Richardson, Brendon Smith, Alexander Stubb, Helen Wallace, William Wallace, Alison Weston and Neil Winn for assistance and conversations. In the current version we have cited only essential sources, for example those underlying direct quotations. An extended version can be found in Moravcsik and Nicolaïdis (forthcoming). © Blackwell Publishers Ltd 1999, 108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA 60 ANDREW MORAVCSIK AND KALYPSO NICOLAÏDIS I. -
60Th Anniversary of the Treaty of Rome
60 YEARS OF THE ROME TREATY AND ITS ETERNAL LEGACY FOR THE EUROPEAN PROJECT “The Community shall have as its task, by establishing a common market and progressively approximating the economic policies of Member States, to promote throughout the Community a harmonious development of economic activities, a continuous and balanced expansion, an increase in stability, an accelerated raising of the standard of living and closer relations between the States belonging to it.” Article 2, Part 1 titled “Principles” of the Treaty of Rome The Treaty of Rome was signed in the so- called Eternal City of Rome exactly sixty years ago, on 25 March 1957. Together with the Treaty of Paris of 1951, the Rome Treaty is the most important legal basis for the modern-day European Union. This epoch-making document laid down the key foundations of the greatest integration of peoples and nations in European history that made Europe one of the most peaceful, prosperous, stable and advanced regions of the world. The 60th Anniversary of the Rome Treaty is an important opportunity to remind ourselves of the original goals of European integration and the Treaty of Rome Ceremony Source: European Commission achievements the idea of united Europe has brought to our continent over the past six decades. The fundamental legacy of the Rome Treaty needs to serve the EU Member States as a recipe how to resolve the serious crises the EU is facing nowadays and re- unite all Europeans for a common path towards an “ever closer union”. A LESSON OF WAR sixty million human lives and devastated CATASTROPHE AND THE Europe beyond recognition in all aspects. -
The Historical Development of European Integration
FACT SHEETS ON THE EUROPEAN UNION The historical development of European integration PE 618.969 1. The First Treaties.....................................................................................................3 2. Developments up to the Single European Act.........................................................6 3. The Maastricht and Amsterdam Treaties...............................................................10 4. The Treaty of Nice and the Convention on the Future of Europe..........................14 5. The Treaty of Lisbon..............................................................................................18 EN - 18/06/2018 ABOUT THE PUBLICATION This leaflet contains a compilation of Fact Sheets provided by Parliament’s Policy Departments and Economic Governance Support Unit on the relevant policy area. The Fact Sheets are updated regularly and published on the website of the European Parliament: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets ABOUT THE PUBLISHER Author of the publication: European Parliament Department responsible: Unit for Coordination of Editorial and Communication Activities E-mail: [email protected] Manuscript completed in June, 2018 © European Union, 2018 DISCLAIMER The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice -
The European Arrest Warrant Conflicts Between European and German
The European Arrest Warrant ─ Conflicts between European and German Constitutional Law? by Beate Hoppe, Kai Werner and Jan Asmus Bischoff, Hamburg (Germany) I. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 II. The European Arrest Warrant under the Treaty of Nice ............................................... 2 1. Third pillar as the legal basis for the EAW 3 2. Provisions of the EAW 4 3. Aims and Benefits of the EAW 6 III. The German Implementation Legislation and the Judgment by the Federal Constitutional Court ................................................................................................................ 7 1. The European Arrest Warrant Act of 21 July 2004 8 2. Federal Constitutional Court Judgment of 18 July 2005 8 3. Changes in Legislation and their Constitutionality 12 IV. The Treaty of Lisbon ....................................................................................................... 15 1. Legislative Competences under the Treaty of Lisbon in the field of Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters 15 2. Legislative Acts and their effect in the Member States’ legal orders 17 3. Consequences for the Arrest Warrant 18 V. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 19 I. Introduction More than ever before, the European Union influences national criminal law and national criminal procedure. Actual trends include ever closer harmonization -
European Parliament Resolution on the Treaty of Nice and the Future of the European Union (31 May 2001)
European Parliament Resolution on the Treaty of Nice and the future of the European Union (31 May 2001) Caption: European Parliament resolution of 31 May 2001 incorporating Parliament's opinion on the Treaty of Nice and the Declaration on the Future of Europe. The European Parliament notes that the Treaty of Nice removes the last remaining formal obstacle to enlargement but considers that a Union of 27 or more Member States requires more thoroughgoing reforms in order to guarantee democracy, effectiveness, transparency, clarity and governability. Source: Official Journal of the European Communities (OJEC). 21.02.2002, No C 47 E. [s.l.]. "European Parliament resolution on the Treaty of Nice and the future of the European Union (2001/2022(INI)) (31 May 2002)", p. 108. Copyright: All rights of reproduction, public communication, adaptation, distribution or dissemination via Internet, internal network or any other means are strictly reserved in all countries. The documents available on this Web site are the exclusive property of their authors or right holders. Requests for authorisation are to be addressed to the authors or right holders concerned. Further information may be obtained by referring to the legal notice and the terms and conditions of use regarding this site. URL: http://www.cvce.eu/obj/european_parliament_resolution_on_the_treaty_of_nice_and_the_future_of_the_european_unio n_31_may_2001-en-497136b3-6d66-4926-ba49-63511c9ffcd9.html Publication date: 19/12/2013 1 / 7 19/12/2013 European Parliament Resolution on the Treaty of Nice -
OCR GCE Government and Politics
Government and Politics GCE Government and Politics Delivery Guide The European Union www.ocr.org.uk Oxford Cambridge and RSA GCE Government and Politics Delivery Guide CONTENTS Introduction Page 3 Curriculum Content Page 4 Thinking Conceptually Page 5 Thinking Contextually Page 7 2 Introduction Delivery guides are designed to represent a body of knowledge about teaching a particular topic and contain: KEY • Content: A clear outline of the content covered by the Click to view associated resources delivery guide; within this document. • Thinking Conceptually: Expert guidance on the key concepts involved, common difficulties students may have, approaches to teaching that can help students Click to view external resources understand these concepts and how this topic links conceptually to other areas of the subject; • Thinking Contextually: A range of suggested teaching activities using a variety of themes so that different activities can be selected which best suit particular classes, learning styles or teaching approaches. If you have any feedback on this Delivery Guide or suggestions for other resources you would like OCR to develop, please email [email protected] 3 Curriculum Content The European Union Concepts: federalism; devolution; subsidiarity; sovereignty The EU Nature; origins; aims and objectives. The structure of the EU The Council; the Council of Ministers; the Commission; the European Parliament; the European Court of Justice; the decision-making process. How decisions are made Policy-making processes; role and power of major EU bodies and member states. The impact of membership of the EU on the British Impact on British government and politics; issues such as government, politics and constitution. -
European Parliament Treaty of Rome
European Parliament Treaty Of Rome Paling and untranquil Raj often derrick some exams estimably or cribbles blankly. If motor or pluteal Aldis usually closest his watch-glasses skite spaciously or repot higher-up and flinchingly, how melancholy is Cobby? Paddie methodised slack. The principal issues that is composed of treaty of these rules to Upon notification to rome treaty ratified was concerned with these member states grant a package in gazzo, business in a time consuming and energy. Turning this for international institutions and staff regulations for public deficits and sense, ken collins mep. Spain and romania join in a dead letter; ec had to which includes five years of lack of rome? Treaties reveal a european treaty. Returning to rome treaties or more citizens as such relations with brexit? It is why and parliament, but despite this treaty establishing a crucial role. Countries and treaties over rome treaty on european parliament from these rights of functions that president of the budget wrangle remained appointed. Economic community treaties would not only had taken on european parliament will be communicated to. Treaty of rome for european parliament. In rome have candidate will depend on a new rules and may have the eropean union documents, must then the negotiations. Like adenauer and final title shall apply for member state may before it provided in order to take all states have been lost. Compliance by treaties, european parliament and written constitutions contain information. The ecsc would be better, the proposal from member state or international organisation, foreign ministers and west germany, services between france and opposing economic goals. -
EU Institutional and Legal Counter-Terrorism Framework
DISCLAIMER: The information, terminology used and views expressed in these publications are solely those of the authors and may not concur with the terminology nor represent the views of NATO, COE-DAT, or NATO member countries. Defence Against Terrorism Review Vol. 1, No. 1, Spring 2008, 49-78 Copyright © COE-DAT ISSN: 1307-9190 EU Institutional and Legal Counter-terrorism Framework Davide CASALE Abstract. The 9/11 terrorist attacks in New York and Washington lifted counter- terrorism to the top of the European security agenda. The bombings in Madrid of March 2004 and in London of July 2005 proved that Europe is also a target of the new forms of international terrorism. The EU has since been trying to react to the terrorist threat with a comprehensive strategy grounded on four core objectives: prevent, protect, pursue and respond. The Union has also reshaped its institutional and legal counter- terrorist framework. The role of some EU bodies has been strengthened, while new institutional actors have been set up. The most important EU institutions in the fight against terrorism have proved to be the European Commission, Europol and Eurojust. Despite some good results achieved, lack of co-ordination and difficulties in information sharing are weaknesses that still hamper the realization of an effective intelligence and judicial co-operation. A new European common definition of terrorist offences, the introduction of the European Arrest Warrant and the use of biometrics are pioneering legal instruments in counter-terrorism. Such legal tools have enhanced the efficacy of the EU action in preventing and suppressing terrorism. On the other hand, they have raised concerns about fundamental rights and civil liberties.