DOCSLIB.ORG

Metabolic Effects of the Consumption of Aqueous Kalanchoe Pinnata Preparation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Metabolic Effects of the Consumption of Aqueous Kalanchoe Pinnata Preparation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Metabolic Effects of the Consumption of Aqueous Kalanchoe pinnata Preparation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats By Nikhil Menon July 2014 A Thesis Submitted In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTERS OF SCIENCE IN BIOLOGY Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi Department of Life Sciences Graduate Biology Program Corpus Christi, Texas APPROVED: _________________________________________ DATE: __________ Dr. Felix Omoruyi, Chair __________________________________________ Dr. Jean Sparks, Co-Chair __________________________________________ Dr. Gregory Buck, Member __________________________________________ Dr. Kirk Cammarata, Member __________________________________________ Dr. Riccardo Mozzachiodi, Member __________________________________________ Dr. Joe Fox, Chair, Dept. of Life Sciences __________________________________________ Dr. Frank Pezold, Dean of the College of Science and Engineering Format: Clinica Chimica Acta ii ABSTRACT Background: Kalanchoe pinnata is a medicinal plant found in South America, India, and the Caribbean. Aqueous preparations of the leaves are traditionally used for the treatment of a wide range of diseases in many parts of the world, including diabetes. While previous studies have confirmed the acclaimed hypoglycemic properties, its metabolic effects in diabetes remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the metabolic effects of K. pinnata preparation in the management of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Eighteen (18) adult Sprague rats were assigned by weight into three groups for a 30 day study [six rats per group, average body weight (297.28 ± 15.17 g)]. The groups were composed as follows: Healthy rats receiving de-ionized water (Normal Control); diabetic rats administered de-ionized water (Diabetic Control); diabetic rats administered aqueous preparation of Kalanchoe pinnata leaves (~ 0.14 grams / kg body weight; Diabetic Treated). Animals were euthanized by decapitation on day 30 after the commencement of the feeding trial. Blood and organ samples were collected for the biochemical and hematological assays. Results: The diabetic groups lost weight and consumed less food compared to the normal control group. However, the diabetic treated groups’ loss in weight was more evident than the diabetic control groups’ loss in weight. We noted a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in blood glucose level in the diabetic group treated with K. pinnata preparation compared to the other groups. Serum albumin was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in the diabetic treated group compared to the diabetic control. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in the diabetic treated group iii compared to the diabetic control. There was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the diabetic control and diabetic treated groups compared to the normal control group. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in the diabetic treated group compared to the other groups. Liver lipid profile was not significantly altered among the groups. However, K. pinnata administration significantly (P < 0.05) reduced renal total cholesterol level compared to the diabetic control. Serum antioxidant enzyme activities were increased and lipid peroxidation was reduced in the diabetic treated group compared to the diabetic control group. There was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in serum amylase activity in the diabetic control and improved amylase activity in the diabetic treated group. We observed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in magnesium ATPase activity in the intestinal mucosa and erythrocyte membrane of the diabetic treated group compared to the diabetic control. We also noted a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the hepatic pyruvate kinase activity in the diabetic treated group compared to the diabetic control group. Renal NADP+-isocitrate dehydrogenase activity was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the diabetic treated group compared to the diabetic control group. Serum IL-6 level was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in the diabetic treated group compared to the diabetic control group. Conclusion: Overall, the consumption of aqueous K. pinnata preparation may increase pyruvate kinase activity with subsequent increase in hepatic glucose utilization for energy generation and decrease in blood glucose level. Additionally, we also noted that interleukin-6, which was significantly elevated in the diabetic control group, was reduced to normal control level due to the treatment. This may be indicative of reduced iv inflammation and reduced chances of vascular disease. However, the observed increase in serum ALP activity and BUN level may be indicative of hepatic or renal damage. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effect of K. pinnata preparation consumption on serum ALP activity and BUN level. Keywords: diabetes, herbal remedies, Kalanchoe pinnata, cardiovascular disease, oxidative stress v TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………………………..………………………………………………………ii-iv Table of Contents……………….…………………………………………………….v-vii List of Figures……………………..………………….…………………..………....viii-ix List of Tables…………………………..………….………….……………..……………x Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………..xi-xii 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………..1-14 1.1. Diabetes Mellitus……………………………………………..….………………..1 1.2. Epidemiology and Associated Complications of Diabetes……………………….4 1.3. The Effect of Diabetes on Cellular Metabolism………………………………..…6 1.4. The shift from Modern Medicine to Herbal Remedies…………………………..10 1.5. Kalanchoe pinnata Preparation as a Treatment Option…………………..........11 1.6. Objectives………………………………………………………………………..14 2. Materials and Methods…………………………………………………………..15-26 2.1. Locations and Animal Observation………………………………………..……15 2.2. Objective 1………………………………………………………………………16 2.3. Objective 2…………………………………………………………………..…..18 vi 2.4. Objective 3……………………………………………...……………………….22 2.5. Objective 4……...……………………..………………………………………...25 2.6. Statistical Analysis………………………………………………………………26 3. Results and Discussion….………………………………………………………..27-61 3.1 Body and Organ Weight Changes and Food Intake……………….................27-28 3.2. Serum Glucose and Proteins………………………………………………...29-32 3.3. Serum Lipid Profile...………………………………………………….……………33-38 3.4. Oxidative Stress…………………………………………………...…………39-40 3.5. Serum and Intestinal Amylase…….…………………………...…………….41-43 3.6. Intestinal Mucosa ATPases……………..………………………………………….44-47 3.7. Erythrocyte Membrane ATPases………..………………………………………...48-49 3.8. Blood Electrolytes………………………………………………………………..……..50 3.9. Metabolic Enzymes.……………………..……………………… …….……………51-54 3.10. Organ Function Enzymes……...………………………………………………....55-57 3.11. Complete Blood Count……………………………………………………….…...58-59 3.12. Inflammatory Response…..……………………………………………………….60-61 3.13 Table of Results……………………………………………………………..62-63 vii 4. Conclusions…………………………………………………………………….…64-66 5. References…………………………………………………………………………67-76 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Major Sources and Fates of Blood Glucose in the Body…………………….…7 Figure 2. Summary of the Steps Involved in Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Non- Diabetic Individuals………………………...……………………………………………..8 Figure 3. Typical Kalanchoe pinnata Plant with Flowers……………………...…...…..12 Figure 4. Body Weight Changes and Food Intake of Diabetic Rats Administered Aqueous Preparation of Kalanchoe pinnata…………………………………...…………...…28 Figure 5. Average Organ Weight of Diabetic Rats Administered Aqueous Preparation of Kalanchoe pinnata…………………………………………………………………...…………...28 Figure 6. Change in Serum Glucose in Diabetic Rats Administered Aqueous Preparation of Kalanchoe pinnata………………………………………………………………..…………...30 Figure 7a. Change in Serum Protein Profile in Diabetic Rats Administered Aqueous Preparation of Kalanchoe pinnata…………………………………………….…………32 Figure 7b. Change in Albumin:Globulin Ratio in Diabetic Rats Administered Aqueous Preparation of Kalanchoe pinnata…………………………….…………………………32 Figure 8. Change in Serum Lipid Profile in Diabetic Rats Administered Aqueous Preparation of Kalanchoe pinnata.………………………..……………………………..34 Figure 9. Amylase Activity in the Serum of Diabetic Rats Administered Aqueous Preparation of Kalanchoe pinnata………………..…………………………………….………42 ix Figure 10a. Amylase Activity in the Proximal Intestinal Mucosa of Diabetic Rats Administered Aqueous Preparation of Kalanchoe pinnata……...………………………43 Figure 10b. Amylase Activity in the Distal Intestinal Mucosa of Diabetic Rats Administered Aqueous Preparation of Kalanchoe pinnata……….……………………..43 Figure 11. Proximal Intestinal Mucosa ATPase Activities in Diabetic Rats Administered Aqueous Preparation of Kalanchoe pinnata…………………….…………………………….45 Figure 12. Distal Intestinal Mucosa ATPase Activities in Diabetic Rats Administered Aqueous Preparation of Kalanchoe pinnata…………………………..………………………47 Figure 13. Erythrocyte Membrane ATPase Activities in Diabetic Rats Administered Aqueous Preparation of Kalanchoe pinnata ………………………….………………………49 Figure 14. Metabolic Enzyme Activities in the Liver of Diabetic Rats Administered Aqueous Preparation of Kalanchoe pinnata…………………………..………………………52 Figure 15. Metabolic Enzyme Activities in the Kidney of Diabetic Rats Administered Aqueous Preparation of Kalanchoe pinnata…………………………..………………………54 Figure 16. Liver Function Enzymes in the Serum of Diabetic Rats Administered Aqueous Preparation of Kalanchoe pinnata………………………………..…………………56 Figure 17. Interleukin Levels in the Serum of Diabetic Rats Administered Aqueous Preparation of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Solomon J.Pdf
    EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CONTROL STRATEGIES ACROSS LIFE HISTORY STAGES OF THE INVASIVE Kalanchoe xhoughtonii By JESSICA L. SOLOMON A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2019 © 2019 Jessica L. Solomon To my mom and brother ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I want to express the utmost gratitude to my advisor Dr. Stephen Enloe, for his compassion, support, knowledge, and passion in this research. Dr. Enloe has been a mentor in the field of research, education, and outreach. His energy helped inspire me in times I lacked the motivation and his kindness and support helped me through times of difficulty. I am also thankful for my committee members, Dr. Jay Ferrell and Dr. Carrie Reinhardt Adams for their support, time, and guidance. I would also like to extend immense gratitude towards my lab mates Jonathan Glueckert and Kaitlyn Quincy for all of their encouragement, friendship, and tutoring through our coursework and research. I am especially thankful for my lab mate Mackenzie Bell, who has been an incredibly supportive friend, science partner, and plant enthusiast with me for the past three years. I would also like to thank Lara Colley, Dr. James Leary, Dr. Benjamin Sperry, and the rest of the faculty at The Center of Aquatic and Invasive Center (CAIP) for their insight and passion for research and education. A special thank you is needed for Sara Humphrey, Conrad Oberweger, Ethan Church, and Matt Shinego who supports CAIP on a day- to-day basis.
    [Show full text]
  • Prickly News 2018 January
    P r i c k l y N e w s South Coast Cactus & Succulent Society Newsletter January 2018 Click here to visit our web site: PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE http://www.southcoastcss.org really enjoyed our Holiday Potluck IParty. It was good to see so many people Click here to visit there. Thanks to Carol Causey for our Facebook page organizing the kitchen and to all who helped set up, decorate and clean up. It was great seeing all the Plant of the NEXT MEETING Year results. It seems we all grow plants quite differently. For Marcia Tatroe: 2018, it would be great to get more information on how each "Rockin’ with Cacti and Succulents" individual grows their plants so that we might discover what Sunday January 14, at 1:00 pm makes these plants grow best. To meet this aim, we are (Program starts at 1:30pm) developing a study as a club-wide project. Until you receive the questionnaire, please make note of the size of your 2018 plant of the year (Thelocactus bicolor var. parras) and its growing REFRESHMENTS FOR JANUARY conditions. For those of you who did not attend the Potluck, a As the last meeting was the Pot-Luck we don't few plants will be available at the January meeting. have a list of refreshment volunteers. There is still a chance to receive a free one-year So if you would like to bring something to the membership to the CSSA if you attend the meeting in January next meeting please do so - thanks! to put your name in for the drawing.
    [Show full text]
  • CRASSULACEAE 景天科 Jing Tian Ke Fu Kunjun (傅坤俊 Fu Kun-Tsun)1; Hideaki Ohba 2 Herbs, Subshrubs, Or Shrubs
    Flora of China 8: 202–268. 2001. CRASSULACEAE 景天科 jing tian ke Fu Kunjun (傅坤俊 Fu Kun-tsun)1; Hideaki Ohba 2 Herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs. Stems mostly fleshy. Leaves alternate, opposite, or verticillate, usually simple; stipules absent; leaf blade entire or slightly incised, rarely lobed or imparipinnate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, cymose, corymbiform, spiculate, racemose, paniculate, or sometimes reduced to a solitary flower. Flowers usually bisexual, sometimes unisexual in Rhodiola (when plants dioecious or rarely gynodioecious), actinomorphic, (3 or)4– 6(–30)-merous. Sepals almost free or basally connate, persistent. Petals free or connate. Stamens as many as petals in 1 series or 2 × as many in 2 series. Nectar scales at or near base of carpels. Follicles sometimes fewer than sepals, free or basally connate, erect or spreading, membranous or leathery, 1- to many seeded. Seeds small; endosperm scanty or not developed. About 35 genera and over 1500 species: Africa, America, Asia, Europe; 13 genera (two endemic, one introduced) and 233 species (129 endemic, one introduced) in China. Some species of Crassulaceae are cultivated as ornamentals and/or used medicinally. Fu Shu-hsia & Fu Kun-tsun. 1984. Crassulaceae. In: Fu Shu-hsia & Fu Kun-tsun, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 34(1): 31–220. 1a. Stamens in 1 series, usually as many as petals; flowers always bisexual. 2a. Leaves always opposite, joined to form a basal sheath; inflorescences axillary, often shorter than subtending leaf; plants not developing enlarged rootstock ................................................................ 1. Tillaea 2b. Leaves alternate, occasionally opposite proximally; inflorescence terminal, often very large; plants sometimes developing enlarged, perennial rootstock.
    [Show full text]
  • Florida Exotic Pest Plant Councils 2017 List Of
    CATEGORY II (continued) Gov. The 2017 list was prepared by the Scientific Name** Common Name List Zone FLEPPC List Definitions: Exotic – a species FLEPPC Plant List Committee Florida Exotic Pest Plant Tradescantia spathacea oyster plant C, S introduced to Florida, purposefully or accidentally, from a (Rhoeo spathacea, Rhoeo discolor) natural range outside of Florida. Native – a species Patricia L. Howell, Chair 2012-2017, Broward Tribulus cistoides puncture vine, burr-nut N, C, S Council’s 2017 List of whose natural range includes Florida. Naturalized County Parks, Natural Resources and Land Vitex trifolia simple-leaf chaste tree C, S Management Section, [email protected] Washingtonia robusta Washington fan palm C, S exotic – an exotic that sustains itself outside cultivation Invasive Plant Species Wisteria sinensis Chinese wisteria N, C (it is still exotic; it has not “become” native). Invasive Stephen H. Brown, UF / IFAS Lee County Xanthosoma sagittifolium malanga, elephant ear N, C, S exotic – an exotic that not only has naturalized, Extension, Parks and Recreation Division, The mission of the Florida Exotic Pest Plant but is expanding on its own in Florida native plant [email protected] Council is to support the management of invasive Recent changes to plant names exotic plants in Florida’s natural areas by communities. Janice Duquesnel, Florida Park Service, Florida providing a forum for the exchange of scientific, Department of Environmental Protection, educational and technical information. Old Name New Name Abbreviations: Government List (Gov. List): [email protected] www.fleppc.org Possession, propagation, sale, and/or transport of Aleurites fordii Vernicia fordii David W.
    [Show full text]
  • Kalanchoe Spp.: Una Fuente Natural De Nuevas Sustancias Bioactivas
    Verano 2009 Kalanchoe spp.: una fuente natural de nuevas sustancias 29 bioactivas puestas de manifiesto por la Etnomedicina Casimiro Cárdenas García Biólogo y técnico de laboratorio en el Servicio de Cultivos Celulares. Universidad de 30 Málaga. [email protected]. Puede resultar curioso cómo ha trascendido también La Etnomedicina se ha dedicado a un símbolo amoroso, en un contexto diferente, en indagar en el conocimiento tradicio- algunas poblaciones donde existen especies de este 31 nal y en la farmacopea de las socie- mismo grupo: cuando una mujer quiere saber si un dades primitivas con un enfoque que hombre comparte sus sentimientos, introduce una facilita el descubrimiento de nuevas hoja de Kalanchoe en el interior de un libro y si la hoja sustancias de interés para su aplicación produce plántulas la respuesta es sí. en la práctica clínica. Uno de los mayores atractivos de Madagascar, la cuarta isla más grande del mundo, 32 la Etnomedicina es que se trata de una ciencia multi- situada a 400 Km de la costa Este de África, es una disciplinar de la que participan, entre otras, la Antro- tierra de contrastes; su situación geográfica, la diversi- pología, la Sociología, la Botánica, la Química y la Bio- dad de sus relieves y sus climas la han llevado a ser logía, y trasciende, a veces, los límites de lo puramente considerada un «continente en miniatura». El hecho científico y racional para adentrarse en el campo de lo de su separación del continente africano en el periodo 33 mágico y lo esotérico. Esta ciencia se ha visto favoreci- Cretácico la condujo a un aislamiento geográfico que da por el incremento de los flujos migratorios huma- condicionó la evolución de su flora y su fauna en un nos que en la actualidad han tenido como destino los medio cerrado caracterizado por la ausencia de gran- países del occidente europeo.
    [Show full text]
  • Exempted Trees List
    Prohibited Plants List The following plants should not be planted within the City of North Miami. They do not require a Tree Removal Permit to remove. City of North Miami, 2017 Comprehensive List of Exempted Species Pg. 1/4 Scientific Name Common Name Abrus precatorius Rosary pea Acacia auriculiformis Earleaf acacia Adenanthera pavonina Red beadtree, red sandalwood Aibezzia lebbek woman's tongue Albizia lebbeck Woman's tongue, lebbeck tree, siris tree Antigonon leptopus Coral vine, queen's jewels Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk Island pine Ardisia crenata Scratchthroat, coral ardisia Ardisia elliptica Shoebutton, shoebutton ardisia Bauhinia purpurea orchid tree; Butterfly Tree; Mountain Ebony Bauhinia variegate orchid tree; Mountain Ebony; Buddhist Bauhinia Bischofia javanica bishop wood Brassia actino-phylla schefflera Calophyllum antillanum =C inophyllum Casuarina equisetifolia Australian pine Casuarina spp. Australian pine, sheoak, beefwood Catharanthus roseus Madagascar periwinkle, Rose Periwinkle; Old Maid; Cape Periwinkle Cestrum diurnum Dayflowering jessamine, day blooming jasmine, day jessamine Cinnamomum camphora Camphortree, camphor tree Colubrina asiatica Asian nakedwood, leatherleaf, latherleaf Cupaniopsis anacardioides Carrotwood Dalbergia sissoo Indian rosewood, sissoo Dioscorea alata White yam, winged yam Pg. 2/4 Comprehensive List of Exempted Species Scientific Name Common Name Dioscorea bulbifera Air potato, bitter yam, potato vine Eichhornia crassipes Common water-hyacinth, water-hyacinth Epipremnum pinnatum pothos; Taro
    [Show full text]
  • K. Daigremontiana As a Model Plant for the Study of Auxin Effects In
    iochemis t B try n & la P P h f y o s l Benjamín Rodríguez-Garay et al., J Plant Biochem Physiol 2014, 2:1 i Journal of o a l n o r g u y DOI: 10.4172/2329-9029.1000e120 o J ISSN: 2329-9029 Plant Biochemistry & Physiology EditorialResearch Article OpenOpen Access Access Kalanchoë daigremontiana as a Model Plant for the Study of Auxin Effects in Plant Morphology José González-Hernández, José Manuel Rodríguez-Domínguez and Benjamín Rodríguez-Garay* Biotecnología Vegetal Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas No. 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México The ability to regenerate a plant from a single cell is known as totipotency, and such phenomenon occurs not only in in vitro tissue and cell culture but in specialized somatic cells that are part of whole plants in ex vitro natural conditions, constituting this asexual or vegetative processes their only means of reproduction [1]. A large number of studies have been conducted in order to understand the mechanisms by which shoots, plantlets and vegetative propagules are produced. According to the first studies reported by Yarbrough [2, 3], in the fern species Camptosorus rhizophyllus (which has two different kinds of leaves), shoots are produced at the tip of long acuminate leaves, while in the species Tolmiea menziesii shoots are originated in a notch near the junction of the petiole and the leaf blade; in both cases, the shoots are produced from meristematic tissue and once they are mature are naturally detached from the leaf and fall to the ground originating a new plant.
    [Show full text]
  • Kalanchoe Daigremoniana - Mother of Thousands Plant
    Kalanchoe daigremoniana - Mother of Thousands plant: From Wikipedia: Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae [Angiosperms; Eudicots; Core eudicots] Order: Saxifragales Family: Crassulaceae Genus: Kalanchoe Section: Bryophyllum Species: K. daigremontiana Binomial name: Kalanchoe daigremontiana Raym.- Hamet & H.Perrier Synonyms Bryophyllum daigremontianum Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrie Common names: Devil's Backbone, Alligator Plant, Mexican Hat Plant, Mother of Thousands. Mother of Thousands is a succulent plant native to Madagascar. This plant is distinguished by its ability to propagate via vegetative propagation. All parts of the plant are poisonous, which can even be fatal if ingested by infants or small pets. Plants of the genus Kalanchoe able to propagate vegetatively are often included in section Bryophyllum, therefore Kalanchoe daigremontiana Hamet & Perrier is synonymously called Bryophyllum daigremontianum (Hamet & Perrier) Berger. (Some botanists consider Bryophyllum a distinct genus.) Plants reach up to 1 m (3 feet) tall with opposite, fleshy oblong-lanceolate "leaves" that reach 15-20 cm (6-8 inches) long and about 3.2 cm (1.25 inches) wide. These are medium green above and blotched with purple underneath. The margins of these leaf-like organs have spoon-shaped bulbiliferous spurs that bear young plants. The plantlets form roots while on the plant. The "leaves" are actually short, determinate, leaf-like branches that can be termed phylloclades or cladodes. Adult plants can also develop lateral root structures on its main stalk, as high up as 10-15 cm from the ground. The plant has several nodes with two or three leaves on each node. The upper leaves of the plant tend to develop into disproportionately large structures, causing the main stalk to bend downwards and the lateral roots to take up root of their own, anchoring into the soil and eventually developing new primary stalks which establish themselves as independent plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Biology of Kalanchoe Laetivirens (Crassulaceae) in The
    Research, Society and Development, v. 10, n. 1, e27010111567, 2021 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i1.11567 Reproductive biology of Kalanchoe laetivirens (Crassulaceae) in the edaphoclimatic conditions of Santa Catarina, Brazil Biologia reprodutiva de Kalanchoe laetivirens (Crassulaceae) nas condições edafoclimáticas de Santa Catarina, Brasil Biología reproductiva de Kalanchoe laetivirens (Crassulaceae) en las condiciones edafoclimáticas de Santa Catarina, Brasil Received: 12/30/2020 | Reviewed: 01/08/2021 | Accept: 01/11/2021 | Published: 01/13/2021 Leonardo Norberto de Sousa Filho ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6673-8214 Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil E-mail: [email protected] Jean Bressan Albarello ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8840-1893 Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil E-mail: [email protected] Mayara Martins Cardozo ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8506-2785 Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil E-mail: [email protected] Márcia Regina Faita ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1664-134X Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil E-mail: [email protected] Cristina Magalhães Ribas dos Santos ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9118-6730 Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Crassulaceae of the Kalanchoe laetivirens species have ornamental potential, but are poorly studied, especially their reproductive biology and trophic resources made available to visitors. The aim of this study, therefore, was to characterize the reproductive system of K. laetivirens through analyses of floral morphology, trophic resources and floral visitors. Floral structures, pollen / egg ratio, in vitro pollen germination, pollen grain structure in scanning microscopy and the availability of trophic resources by the evaluation of potential and instant nectar were described.
    [Show full text]
  • Experimental Plants
    Experimental Plants African Violet Geranium Spiderwort Species: ionantha Species: zonale Species: varies Genus: Saintpaulia Genus: Geranium or Pelargonium Genus: Tradescantia Family: Gesneriaceae Family: Geraniaceae Family: Commelinaceae Order: Scrophulariales Order: Marchantiales Order: Commelinales Class: Magnoliopsida Class: Magnoliopsida Class: Liliopsida Phylum: Tracheophyta Phylum: Magnoliophyta Phylum: Magnoliophyta Kingdom: Plantae Kingdom: Plantae Kingdom: Plantae Begonia Kalanchoe Wandering Jew Species: varies Species: blossfeldiana Species: varies Genus: Begonia Genus: Kalanchoe (synonym Genus: Nephrolepis Family: Begoniaceae Bryophyllum) Family: Nephrolepidaceae Order: Violales Family: Crassulaceae Order: Polypodiales Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Saxifragales Class: Polypodiopsida (Pteridopsida) Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Phylum: Pterophyta Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Kingdom: Plantae Kingdom: Plantae Bromeliad Zamia Species: varies Norfolk Island Pine Species: varies Genus: Neoregelia Species: heterophylla Genus: Zamia Family: Bromeliaceae Genus: Araucaria Family: Zamiaceae Order: Bromeliales Family: Araucariaceae Order: Cycadales Class: Liliopsida Order: Pinales Class: Cycadopsida Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class: Pinopsida Phylum: Cycadophyta Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Pinophyta Kingdom: Plantae Kingdom: Plantae Coleus Zebrina Species: varies Podocarpus Species: varies Genus: Solenostemon Species: varies Genus: Zebrina Family: Lamiaceae Genus: Podocarpus Family: Commelinaceae Order: Lamiales Family: Podocarpaceae
    [Show full text]
  • Gastroprotective Activity of the Hydroethanolic Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Kalanchoe Pinnata (Lam.) Pers
    Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Article http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902017000116027 Gastroprotective activity of the hydroethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction from Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. Flávia Sobreira1, Leandro Santoro Hernandes1, Alberto Vetore-Neto1, Ingrit E. Collantes Díaz2, Fernanda Carvalho de Santana3, Jorge Mancini-Filho3, Elfriede Marianne Bacchi1,* 1Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 2Center for Research in Biodiversity, Botany Laboratory and Herbarium UNIP and Extraction Laboratory, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil, 3Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil Peptic ulcers are an important pathology, and the search for safer and more effective treatment methods is of paramount importance. In this study, we assess the gastroprotective effects of the hydroethanolic extract (HE) and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) from Kalanchoe pinnata leaves against an ethanol/HCl-induced ulcer model in rats. The HE reduced gastric lesions by approximately 47% (400 mg/kg). A significant inhibition of the gastric lesions by 50% was observed after pretreatment with the EAF (200 mg/kg). Quercetrin and quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside were isolated and identified in the flavonoid fraction (EAF) by HPLC and NMR analyses because this fraction showed the highest gastroprotective effect. This fraction demonstrated high antioxidant activities (CE50=41.91 µg/mL) by DPPH in comparison with Trolox® and 11.33 mmol Trolox® equivalent by ORAC. In conclusion, the HE and FAE from K. pinnata displayed gastroprotective activity in rats, most likely due to the presence of flavonoids. Uniterms: Gastric ulcer/study/rats.
    [Show full text]
  • Prickly News South Coast Cactus & Succulent Society Newsletter - January 2013
    Prickly News South Coast Cactus & Succulent Society Newsletter - January 2013 GENERAL MEETING Sunday, January 13, 1:30 pm We will meet in the Hall President’s Message Buck Hemenway will give a presentation titled “Places You’ve Never Heard of, Plants You’ve Never January 2013 Seen, an Adventure in Southern Africa.” Buck He- menway and his wife Yvonne have traveled to Southern Africa on three separate occasions, most I hope your holidays were joyous and I wish you all recently visiting southwest Namibia as well as the a happy and prosperous New Year. Karoos in South Africa. They know the farmers in I received many positive comments on the Holiday the areas where all the neat succulent gems are pot-luck, and I especially want to acknowledge Judy found. They are also enthusiastic growers of succu- Unrine for all the wonderful decorations and working lent plants. Their one time hobby has turned in to with me to plan the event. Kudos to Danny Westall the Prickly Palace nursery, which supplies cacti and for (again) cooking the prime ribs - I hope those who succulents to the retail nursery trade. Buck is Presi- appreciate rare meat were satisfied. Thanks to dent of the San Gabriel C&SS, serves on the Boards Carol Causey for bringing order out of chaos in the of Directors of the Gates Cactus & Succulent Soci- Kitchen (again); and everyone who pitched in before ety, CSSA and the Jurupa Mountains Discovery and after. I wish I had a list of who brought in dishes Center. Lets give Buck and Yvonne a hearty wel- and the name of the dish.
    [Show full text]