FACTSHEET: OF

What is ?

Wetlands are the ‘lands transitional between terrestrial and aquatic eco- systems where the water table is usually at or near the surface or the land is covered by shallow water.

Wetlands are home of water animals, birds and amphibians; cover diverse and heterogeneous assemblage of habitats such as (Jheels), ponds, , plains, inter-tidal areas, estuaries, , coral reefs and other related ecosystems.

The defines

“Wetlands are areas with water, natural or artificial; permanent or temporary; static or flowing; fresh, brackish or salty; including areas of marine water the depth of which at low does not exceed six meters; and includes all inland waters such as lakes, , tanks, backwaters, lagoon, creeks, estuaries and manmade wetland; and the zone of direct influence on wetland that is to say the drainage area or catchment region of the wetlands as determined by the authority but does not include main channels, paddy fields and coastal wetlands”.

What is Ramsar convention?

The Convention on Wetlands, signed in Ramsar, Iran, in 1971, is an intergovernmental treaty which provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources. There are presently 158 Contracting Parties to the Convention, with 1758 wetland sites, totaling 161 million hectares, designated for inclusion in the Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance. Ramsar Convention is the only global environment treaty dealing with a particular ecosystem.

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands was developed as a means to call international attention to the rate at which wetland habitats were disappearing, in part due to a lack of understanding of their important functions, values, goods and services. Governments that join the Convention are expressing their willingness to make a commitment to helping to reverse that history of wetland loss and degradation.

In addition, many wetlands are international systems lying across the boundaries of two or more countries, or are part of river basins that include more than one country. The health of these and other wetlands is dependent

1 | P a g e upon the quality and quantity of the transboundary water supply from rivers, streams, lakes, or underground aquifers. This requires framework for international discussion and cooperation toward mutual benefits.

Major obligations of countries which are party to the Convention are:

 Designate wetlands for inclusion in the List of Wetlands of International Importance.  Promote, as far as possible, the wise use of wetlands in their territory.  Promote international cooperation especially with regard to transboundary wetlands, shared water systems, and shared species.  Create wetland reserves

Wetlands Classification

There are four main types of wetlands in a basic system of classification: Mineral Soil based (swamp & ) & Organic Soil Based (bog & )

Swamp :A wetland community dominated by trees rooted in hydric soils, but not peat; Examples include tropical swamps and bottom-land forests in floodplains. found throughout the world, most often in low-lying regions (with poor drainage) next to rivers.

Marsh:A wetland community dominated by herbaceous plants, usually emergent through water and rooted in hydric soils, but not peat (organic rich soil); common at the mouths of rivers

Bog :A wetland community dominated by moss, sedges, shrubs or evergreen trees rooted in deep, sometimes un-compacted peat; receive water only from rainfall.

Fen: A wetland community usually dominated by sedges and grasses rooted in shallow peat, often with considerable water movement; receiving water mostly from surface and sources

Ramsar Classification System for Wetland Type

Marine/Coastal Wetlands

 Permanent shallow marine waters in most cases less than six metres deep at low tide;

 Marine subtidal aquatic beds; includes, sea-grass beds, tropical marine meadows

 Coral reefs.

 Rocky marine shores; includes rocky offshore islands

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 Sand, shingle or pebble shores; includes sand bars, includes dune systems

 Estuarine waters; permanent water of estuaries and estuarine systems

 Intertidal mud, sand or salt flats.

 Intertidal ; includes salt marshes, includes tidal marshes

 Intertidal forested wetlands; includes mangrove swamps

 Coastal brackish/saline lagoons; brackish to saline lagoons with at least one narrow connection to the sea.

 Coastal freshwater lagoons; includes freshwater delta lagoons.

Inland Wetlands

 Permanent inland deltas.

 Permanent rivers/streams/creeks; includes waterfalls.

 Seasonal/intermittent/irregular rivers/streams/creeks.

 Permanent freshwater lakes (over 8 ha); includes large oxbow lakes.

 Seasonal/intermittent freshwater lakes (over 8 ha); includes floodplain lakes.

 Permanent saline/brackish/alkaline lakes.

 Seasonal/intermittent saline/brackish/alkaline lakes and flats.

 Permanent saline/brackish/alkaline marshes/pools.

 Seasonal/intermittent saline/brackish/alkaline marshes/pools.

 Permanent freshwater marshes/pools; ponds (below 8 ha), with emergent vegetation

 Seasonal/intermittent freshwater marshes/pools

 Non-forested peatlands; includes shrub or open bogs, swamps, .

 Alpine wetlands; includes alpine meadows, temporary waters from snowmelt.

 Tundra wetlands; includes tundra pools, temporary waters from snowmelt.

 Shrub-dominated wetlands; shrub swamps, shrub-dominated freshwater marshes,

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 Freshwater, tree-dominated wetlands; includes freshwater swamp forests,

 Forested peatlands; peatswamp forests.

 Freshwater springs

Geothermal wetlands

Man Made Wetlands

1. Aquaculture (e.g., /shrimp) ponds

2. Ponds; includes farm ponds, stock ponds, small tanks; (generally below 8 ha).

3. Irrigated land; includes irrigation channels and rice fields:

4. Seasonally flooded agricultural land (including intensively managed or grazed wet meadow or pasture).

5. Salt exploitation sites; salt pans, salines, etc.

6. Water storage areas; /barrages/dams/impoundments (generally over 8 ha).

7. Excavations; gravel/brick/clay pits; borrow pits, mining pools.

8. Wastewater treatment areas; sewage farms, settling ponds, oxidation basins, etc.

9. Canals and drainage channels, ditches.

Wetland Categorization

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Why are wetlands important?

 Maintain

 Provide habitat for animals

 Maintain water quality

 Support commercial fishing, forestry

 Reduce flood damage

 Hiking, fishing, bird watching, boating

 Aesthetic value

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Wetland Functions & values: The difference between a wetland function and a wetland value is that functions are properties that a wetland naturally provides. Values are wetland properties that are valuable to humans.

Total Economic Value of Wetlands

Sr.N Non use o Values Use Values

Direct Use Indirect Use Potential Future Existence Values Values Values values

1 Wetland Flood control Potential future uses Biodiversity products (Fish, (As per direct & reeds) indirect use)

2 Recreation & Ground Water Future Value of Cultural and Tourism recharge information Heritage Value

3 Transport Shoreline Value for stabilisation and Future storm protection Generation

4 Agriculture Water quality improvement

5 Peat/Energy (Micro) Climate Change mitigation

(Source: Wetlands International Report,2002)

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Uses of Wetlands:

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Wetlands Status in :

Wetlands in India occupy 58.2 million hectares (18.4% of the country area), of which 70% are under wet paddy cultivation (Directory of Indian Wetlands,1993, MoEF,GoI). India has totally 27, 403 wetlands, of which 23,444 are inland wetlands and 3,959 are coastal wetlands. Majority of the inland wetlands are directly or indirectly dependent on the major rivers like, Ganga, Bhramaputra, Narmada, Godavari, Krishna, , Tapti. In India, out of an estimated 4.1 mha of wetlands (excluding irrigated agricultural lands, rivers, and streams), 1.5 mha are natural, while 2.6 mha are manmade.

Wetlands Groups in India

Himalayan wetlands

Ladakh & Zanskar: Pangong Tso, Tso Morari etc.

Kashmir Valley: Dal, Wular etc.

Central Himalaya: Nainital, Bhimtal

Eastern Himalaya: Loktak in

Indo-Gangetic Wetlands

Indo-Gangetic flood plain is the largest wetland system in India, extending from the river Indus in the west to Brahmaputra in the east. This includes the wetlands of the Himalayan terai and the Indo-Gangetic plains.

Coastal Wetlands

7500 kilometer long coastline in , Orissa, , , , Karnataka, Goa, and Gujarat. Sundarban Mangroves, Coral Reefs of Gulf of Kachchh etc

Deccan wetlands

A few natural wetlands, but innumerable small and large reservoirs and several water storage tanks in almost every village in the region. in Tamilnadu; Ashtamudi in Kerala; Kolleru in Andhra Pradesh

Area Estimates of Wetlands of India (in million ha)

 Area under paddy cultivation 40.9  Area suitable for fish culture 3.6  Area under capture fisheries (brackish and freshwater) 2.9

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 Mangroves 0.4  Estuaries 3.9  Backwater 3.5  Man-made impoundments 3.0  Rivers, including main tributaries (28,000 km)  Canals and irrigation channels (113,000 km)  Total Area of Wetlands(Excluding Rivers) 58.2

(Source: Directory of Asian Wetlands, IUCN, 1989)

Checklist of Wetlands in India (Identified under Ramsar )

Totaling 145.73 million hectare, designated for inclusion in the Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance. Table:1 shows identified Ramsar sites in India.

Table:1 : Identified Ramar Sites in India

Name Area

1 Ashtamudi Wetland Kerala (19/08/02)

2 Bhitarkanika mangrooves Orissa (19/08/02)

3 (19/08/02)

4 (8/11/05)

5 Chilka Lake Orissa (1/10/81)

6 Deepor Beel (19/08/02)

7 East Culcutta Wetlands West Bengal (19/08/02)

8 Punjab (23/03/90)

9 Wetland Jammu & Kashmir (8/11/05)

10 Punjab (22/01/02)

11 (1/10/81)

12 Andhra Pradesh

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(19/08/02)

13 Manipur (23/03/90)

14 Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary Gujarat (24/09/12)

15 Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary Tamil Nadu (19/08/02)

16 Pong Dam Lake Himachal Pradesh (19/08/02)

17 Renuka Wetland Himachal Pradesh (08/11/05)

18 Ropar Punjab (22/01/02)

19 (08/11/05)

20 Sambhar Lake Rajasthan (23/03/90)

21 Sasthamkotta Lake Kerala (19/08/02)

22 Surinsar – Mansar Lakes Jammu & Kashmir (8/11/05)

23 Tharissur Kole Wetlands Kerala (8/11/05)

24 Tsomoriri Jammu & Kashmir (19/08/02)

25 Upper Ganga River (Brij ghat to Narora (8/11/05) Stretch)

26 – Kol Wetland Kerala (19/08/02)

27 Jammu & Kashmir (23/03/90)

Sourse: MoEF,GoI

National Wetlands Conservation and Management Programme,1985- 86, MoEF,GoI

94 sites have been identifies in the year 1985/86 under the National Wetland Conservation and Management Programme by the Ministry of Environment

11 | P a g e and Forests, . Figure-1 shows identified wetlands under NWCMP.

Figure:1- 94 identified wetlands under National Wetland Conservation and Management Programme,1985-86, MoEF,GoI

Wetlands Status of Gujarat:

Total wetland area estimated is 3474950 ha (Table 4), which accounts for about 17.56 % of geographical area of the state. The major wetland types include Intertidal mud flats (2260365 ha), River/Stream (275877 ha), Reservoirs/Barrages (248979 ha), Creeks (149898 ha) and Salt Marsh (144268 ha). The coastal wetlands dominate in the state. Some of the unique wetlands like corals and mangroves are found in Gujarat state. The water spread of wetlands is low during pre , particularly; it is significant in case of Inland wetlands indicating fed nature of the wetlands. Area under aquatic vegetation is slightly more in pre-monsoon season (205159 ha) than

12 | P a g e in post monsoon (152318 ha). of water is in general high in both the seasons (National Wetland Atlas of Gujarat, 2010) (Table: 1).

Gujarat Forests Department, Government of Gujarat also identified area under the wetlands in Gujarat. Table- 3 & 4 shows the identified area under the wetlands in Gujarat.

Wetland International is one of the renowned and International organizations working for wetland conservation at worldwide. The organization also identified and listed out wetlands in India. Table: 5 show the listed wetlands of India by the Wetland International.

Laws and Initiatives that Support cause of Wetlands Conservation

The Government of India notified the Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules 2010 under Section 25 read with Section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.Some of the other key legislations are given below

 The Indian Fisheries Act - 1857

 The Indian Forest Act – 1927

 Wildlife (Protection) Act - 1972

 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act - 1974

 Territorial Water, Continental Shelf, Exclusive Environmental (Protection) Act - 1986

 Coastal Zone Regulation Notification – 1991

 Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act - 1991

 National Conservation Strategy and Policy Statement on Environment and Development – 1992

 National Policy And Macro level Action Strategy on Biodiversity-1999

 Maritime Zone of India (Regulation and fishing by foreign vessels) Act - 1980

 Forest (Conservation act) – 1980

 Economic Zone and other Marine Zones Act – 1976

 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act – 1977

 Environment (Protection) Act - 1986

 Biodiversity Act 2002

 Coastal Zone Regulation Notification-2011

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Policies

 National Environment Policy- 2006;  National Wetland Policy-2003  National Conservation Strategy and Policy Statement on Environment and Development -1992  National Forest Policy- 1988

Plans

 National Biodiversity Action Plan, 2008

National Wetlands Conservation Programme (NWCP)

Government of India opertionalized National Wetland Conservation Programme (NWCP) in closed collaboration with concerned State Government during the year 1985/86. Under the programme 115 wetlands have been identified till now by the Ministry which requires urgent conservation and management initiatives.

Aim of the Scheme

 Conservation of wetlands in the country so as to prevent their further degradation and ensuring their wise use for the benefit of local communities and overall conservation of biodiversity.

Objectives of the Programme:

The scheme was initiated with the following objectives:-

 To lay down policy guidelines for conservation and management of wetlands in the country;  To undertake intensive conservation measures in priority wetlands;  To monitor implementation of the programme  To prepare an inventory of Indian wetlands.

Wetlands Authority

As per the National Environment Policy,2006, the States Governments have been advised to consider constitution of Wetland Conservation Authority so that experts from various Departments undertake conservation activities in a ,ore scientific ,cohesive and sustainable manner. Some States have already constituted Authorities for execution of wetland conservation programmes in their respective States. Notable among them are ,

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1) Central Wetlands Regulatory Authority, MoEF,GoI

2.) Chilika Development Authority, Orissa

3) Loktak Development Authority, Manipur

4) Shore Area Development Authority, Andhra Pradesh

5) Lakes and Waterways Development Authority, Jammu and Kashmir

6) Lake Development Authority, Karnataka

7) Lake Conservation Authority, Madhya Pradesh.

8) The steering Committee, Nalsarovar Wetland, Gujarat

World Wetlands Day

World Wetlands Day which is celebrated each year on 2 February, marks the date of the adoption of the Convention on Wetlands on 2 February 1971, in the Iranian city of Ramsar on the shores of the Caspian Sea. World Wetlands Day was celebrated for the first time on February 2, 1997, on the 16th anniversary of the Ramsar Convention. Each year since 1997, government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and groups of citizens at all levels of the community have taken advantage of the opportunity to undertake actions aimed at raising public awareness of wetland values and benefits in general and the Ramsar Convention in particular.

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Table 2: Area estimates of wetlands in Gujarat

(Source: National Wetlands Atlas of Gujarat,SAC-2010)

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Area Estimation of Wetlands as per the Gujarat Forests Departments:

Global wetland area was estimated at about 7.5 to 7.8 million sq. km., however, this figure excludes many wetland types such as salt marshes, coastal flats, sea grass, meadows and reservoirs. India harbours about 5 % of global wetlands.

Jheels (lakes), Talav (ponds), dams, seasonal waterbodies, paddy fields, streams, marsh lands, coastline, mangroves, coral reefs, estuaries and large stretches of mudflats etc. contribute significantly to make this land beautiful. It would not be an exaggeration to state that Gujarat is "a land of Wetlands" in India. A study conducted by Space Applications Centre (SAC), Ahmedabad in 1998 estimated wetland area in the country at about 75819 sq. km. Of this, Gujarat's contribution is about 27175 sq. km (36%). Waterfowl concentration in Gujarat during winter is one of the highest in the country as the area falls on monitory route of the birds. Migratory birds from Europe and Asia pass through western part of the country to Indian plateau and they enjoy varied habitats in the state. Many stay in Gujarat for entire wintering season and some move to Decca plateau.

Again during their reverse migration in March and April, birds stay at wetlands for sometime before their departure from the country to their breeding grounds.

Area (sq. km) of wetlands in Gujarat

Wetlands India Gujarat

Inlands wetland 35589 2092

Coastal wetland 40230 25083

Total 75819 27175

Categories and areas of wetlands in Gujarat

Inland Wetlands Area (Sq.Km.) Coastal wetlands Area (Sq.Km.)

Natural lakes 154 Mangroves 1031

Water logged 289 Coral reefs 130

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Reservoirs 1394 Mudflat 21954

Tanks/ponds 198 Salt pans 460

Others including -- Other 1587

Mars Wand 57

Total 2092 Total 25162

The , the Gulf of Chambray and the two Ranns cover vast area of coastal wetlands, making this part of the land incomparable. Total population of wintering waterfowl in these areas has not been estimated, but is expected to be in millions. Sometimes, just less than a million flamingos nest in the Great Rann during the season. Dr. Salim Ali estimated half a million Greater Flamingos in a nesting colony in known Flamingo City in the Great Rann of Kutch in 1945. About 70,000 lesser flamingos were estimated in a nesting colony in the Little Rann in August 1998. Nalsarovar alone supports about one to two hundred thousand water birds in winter. Over 40,000 water birds can be seen in Thol Lake in a day during peak wintering season. Kutch, a known district for wetlands, has numerous seasonal water bodies. Sample survey and monitoring of four typical wetlands indicate that millions of water birds find suitable home in this area. The four wetlands in the Little Rann supported 82,000 water birds in winter of 1998, proving beyond doubt that large number of water birds visits this area. There are hundreds of such wetlands in Saurashtra and Kutch. Region wise distribution of wetlands and their areas are given below

Of 831 wetlands in the state, 438 are coastal and 393 are inland (including 231 small and big reservoirs). In Gujarat, the coastal and inland wetlands cover 92.3% and 7.7% of the total wetland area respectively. Gujarat State recognized geomorphological, floral and faunal values of important wetlands and constituted seven sanctuaries to preserve total area of 13052 sq. km.

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Weatlands in different regions

Region No. of Wetland Area(Sq. Km.)

North Gujarat 159 107

Kutch 258 21772

Saurashtra 352 2598

South Gujarat 62 1698

Total 831 27175

Note: Wetlands smaller than 56 ha are not included in above table.

Protected Area covering Coastal Wetlands Great Rann Wildlife Sanctuary Wild Ass Sanctuary in Little Rann Marine National Park & Sanctuary

Protected Areas in Inland Wetlands Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary Thol lake Bird Sanctuary

Porbandar Bird Sanctuary Khijadia Bird Sanctuary

Chhari - Dhaudh, a natural wetland, covering about 60sqkm in Banni is a wonderful site proposed and accepted by the Government of India as a Ramsar site. This unique wetland deserves a high protection status

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Annexure: Identified Wetlands of Gujarat

Sr. Co- Site Name No ordinates 1 Advana Dam N2155E06936 2 Aji-II N2222E07046 3 Aji-III N2155E07055 4 Alansagar Lake N2200E07110 5 Amipur Tank N2125E06958 6 Ashapura N2109E07009 7 Bagodara-Nal Kantha N2205E07235 8 Bhadar Dam N2149E07046 9 Bhashkarpara N2255E07203 10 Bhavpar - 11 Boriyala Tank N2237E07256 12 Brahmani Dam N2253E07110 13 Charadwa N2245E07140 14 Charaklan Saltworks N2220E06905 15 Chhari Dhandh N2140E06924 16 Chhaya Creek (Sewage) N2137E06935 17 Dedadra Talav N2242E07140 18 Deo (Dev) Dam N2222E07333 19 Dharabala/ Chorathali - 20 N2401E07252 21 Dholi Dhaja Dam N2245E07140 22 Dhuvaran Coast N2213E07245 23 Fuljar Reservoir N2151E07030 24 Gaurishanker Lake (Bortalao) N2145E07206 25 Goma Dam N2215E07200 26 Gondali And Vachhapari Dam N2203E07052 27 Gopnath Coast N2241E07142 Great Rann of Kachchh (Flamingo N2351E06924 28 City) 29 Guneli N2230E07325 30 Hadaf Irrigation Dam N2253E07353 31 Hamirsar Tank N2310E06945 32 Hathab (Via Koliyak)- Seashore N2136E07216 33 Hathmati Reservoir N2342E07313 34 Heranj N2240E07242

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Sr. Co- Site Name No ordinates 35 Jafarabad Coast (Saltworks) N2050E07130 36 District: Dhrol Taluka N2235E07025 37 Jamnagar District: Dwaraka Taluka N2215E06902 Jamnagar District: Jamnagar N2230E07005 38 Taluka 39 Jamnagar District: Jodiya Taluka N2242E07018 Jamnagar District: Kalyanpur N2210E06925 40 Taluka Jamnagar District: Khambhalia N2212E06937 41 Taluka 42 Jewla N2230E07325 43 Juni Akhol Coast N2220E07232 44 Kabutari Dam N2258E07356 45 Kali Dam N2258E07414 46 Kalubhar Dam N2251E07137 47 Kamaleshwar Reservoir N2110E07100 48 Kanewal N2228E07232 49 Karli Dam N2137E06935 50 Karmal Dam N2202E07059 51 Kathivadar Lake & Saltpans N2101E07939 52 Khambat Mudflats N2215E07230 53 Khijadia Bird Sanctuary N2232E07004 54 Khirjog N2247E07130 55 Korda Sandher N2425E07220 56 Kothavi Village Pond N2232E07244 57 Krushnakunj Lake N2135E07305 58 Kuchadi (Kutchidi) Reservoir N2140E06940 59 Kumbharwada Sewage Pond N2146E07211 60 N2228E07005 61 Lalpari Reservoir N2218E07051 62 Lambhvel Sewage Pond N2235E07257 63 Lunivav Dam N2220E07042 64 Machhan Nala Dam N2303E07414 65 Machhiyel N2240E07241 66 Madhavpura (Madhupur) Marsh N2243E07052 67 Madhuvanti Reservoir N2115E07045 Estuary: N2216E07258 68 Mohammedpura 69 Mahi River Estuary: Sarod 'J' Point N2210E07245

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Sr. Co- Site Name No ordinates 70 Malav N2300E07000 71 Mazum Reservoir N2329E07323 72 Medha Reservoir N2150E06922 73 Morva Hadaf Dam (Patangdi) N2246E07353 Nadiad- Tundel- Pij-Heranj- Traj- N2240E07248 74 Narda 75 Nagarala Pond N2253E07419 76 Nagarama Village Pond N2237E07239 77 Naika Dam N2245E07140 78 Nakti Creek N2310E07010 79 Nal Sarovar Wildlife Sanctuary N2247E07202 80 Nanda Bet Ner Village, Adesar N2331E07107 81 Nani Kakrad N2051E07250 82 Narara Head N2228E06944 83 Narda Tank N2235E07237 84 Narmada Main Canal - 85 Navagam- Vainaj Check Dam N2219E07229 86 New Port Saltpans, Bhavnagar N2149E07223 87 Nikol Bandhara N2104E07150 88 Nyari- I N2214E07043 89 Nyari- II N2221E07040 90 Onchal (Onjal) Lake N2046E07259 91 Ozat Dam (Anandpur) N2130E07045 92 Paladi Village Pond N2222E07233 93 Pansora Village Pond N2242E07302 94 Par N2423E07221 95 Pariej N2233E07238 96 Patadi Gam Tank Sewage Pond - 97 Phophal -I N2145E07025 98 Pipalave Bandharo (Kaj) N2044E07048 99 Piroton Creeks - 100 Raghawanaj N2244E07244 101 Rangmati Dam N2230E07005 102 Raniporda Tanks N2251E07311 103 Ranjitpura - 104 Ranpur Tank - 105 Ratanpaa Dam N2138E06935 106 Ratneshvar Tank N2300E07406

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Sr. Co- Site Name No ordinates 107 Sadda Dam N2230E07005 108 Sala N2239E07238 109 Santalpur Tank N2345E07110 110 Sar (Naliya) - 111 Sariyamati Dam - 112 Savada Village Pond (Nava Talao) N2312E07144 113 Shihor Tank N2143E07157 114 Shivsagar Lake N2203E07112 115 Sarothi Dam N2158E06935 116 Sudamda Tank N2230E07128 117 Tapar Reservoir N2308E06955 Tapi River at Causeway (Tapi N2122E07252 118 Barrage) 119 Thol Lak bird Sanctuary N2322E07237 120 Timbi Tank N2224E07235 121 Traj Village Pond N2240E07238 122 Tranja N2240E07239 123 Tundi Wetland N2242E07144 124 N2101E07251 125 Vadhwana (Wadwana) Reservoir N2211E07329 126 Vasai Tank N2205E07235 127 Veri Dam (Talab) N2200E07048 Victor (-Bherai) Saltpans & Coastal N2143E07210 128 Area 129 Vijay Sagar N2302E06929 130 Vitthalgadh - 131 Wadhwan Bhoghavo-II N2242E07132 132 Waghroli Tank -

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Photographs of Gujarat Wetlands

Nal Sarovar Thol Lake

Dharoi Water Reservoir Coral Reef of GoK

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