National Report on the Implementation of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
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Urban Wastewater: Livelihoods, Health and Environmental Impacts in India: the Case of the East Calcutta Wetlands
Urban Wastewater: Livelihoods, Health and Environmental Impacts in India: The Case of the East Calcutta Wetlands Principal Investigator Gautam Gupta Department of Economics Jadavpur University Kolkata 700 032 Objectives: Identify the livelihood options in and around East Calcutta Wetlands based on use of Urban Wastewater Estimate the value of Direct benefits derived from the use of Urban Wastewater by the stakeholders in ECW Health Impacts of Urban Wastewater on Stake holders Environmental impact of ECW on Stakeholders Geographical Features of ECW The wetlands to the East of Kolkata, well known over the world, situated in between 22°25´- 22°40´ N latitude and 88°20´-88°35´E longitude and covering the area of about 12,500 ha. It has a hot and humid monsoon climate governed by the Himalayas in the north and the Bay of Bengal in the south January is the coolest month with temperatures ranging between 10°C to 20°C while May experiences maximum temperature ranging between 30°C and 40°C Average relative humidity is high between 70 percent and 90 percent approximately. Average annual rainfall is about 1582 mm and is mainly concentrated in the months of June, July, August and September. Hydrology of East Calcutta Wetlands Sewage is largely water but it contains organic and inorganic solids in dissolved and suspended forms. Major bacteria accompanying these solids are coliform A major problem in the hydrology of East Calcutta Wetlands, is arsenic. The percentage of arsenic which is considered safe for consumption is 10mg/litre as estimated by WHO. However in the northern limits of greater Kolkata, in the areas like Bhangar, Kharibari, Rajarhat, Bishnupur I and II, Gangra, Mahisbathan II the levels of arsenic has been found to be 10-15mg/litre. -
Punjab Police GK
Punjab GK Most Important MCQs of Punjab Police Exams 1. What is the literal meaning of the name Punjab? C) Dr. Jaswinder Singh A) Land of five rivers D) Kirpal Kazak B) Land of seven rivers C) Area near Mount Abu Answer: D) Kingdom of five Pandavs Gurdev Singh Rupana won the Sahitya Akademi Award Answer: for Punjabi language in the year 2020. It is the highest The correct Answer is Land of five rivers. The name literary award in India and he got this award for his book Punjab is made of two words Punj (Five) + Aab (Water) of short stories Aam Khass (ਆਮ-ਖ਼ਾਸ). i.e. land of five rivers and these five rivers of Punjab are Satluj, Beas, Ravi, Chenab & Jhelum. 6. What was the theme of Punjab's tableau in the Repulic Day Parade 2021 at New Delhi? 2. Which city of Punjab is famous for manufacturing of A) Jallianwal Bagh Massacre sports goods? B) Martyrdom of Guru Teg Bahadur Ji A) Ludhiana C) Sangat and Pangat B) Patiala D) Maharaja Ranjit Singh C) Batala Answer: D) Jalandhar In the Republic Day Parade 2021 at New Delhi, the Answer: theme of Punjab's tableau was the martyrdom of Shri Jalandhar city is famous for manufacturing of sports Guru Teg Bahadur ji. Guru ji took up the cause of goods. The sports items are supplied all through India Kashmiri pandits, who were facing religious persecution and also exported to many other countries. and conversions to Islam by mughal emperor Aurangzeb and was martyred in 1675 at Chandni Chowk, Delhi. -
Catla Catla, Labeo Rohita and Cirrhinus Mrigala) in Morvan Dam (Neemuch District), M.P., India
World Applied Sciences Journal 39 (1): 37-43, 2021 ISSN 1818-4952 © IDOSI Publications, 2021 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2021.37.43 Elucidation of Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor for Indian Major Carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala) in Morvan Dam (Neemuch District), M.P., India 12Resham Rajput and Nageshwar Wast 1Department of Zoology, Govt. Girls College, Khandwa, M.P., India 2PG Department of Zoology, J.P. University, Chapra, Bihar, India Abstract: A study has been carried out to elucidate the length-weight relationship and condition factor of Indian major carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala) in Morvan Dam (Neemuch District), during September to November month of the two consecutive years (2018 and 2019) to understand the present status of the fish. The maximum mean value of total lengths were analyzed for Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala as 85.20, 48.30 and 46.00 cm whereas, the maximum mean value of total weight were estimated as 9200, 1350 and 1330 gm respectively during November, 2018. Highest increase in average length were recorded as 39.60% for Labeo rohita during 2018 and lowest as 22.86 % during 2019 for Cirrhinus mrigala however, the percentage (%) increase in average weight were documented highest for Catla catla (49.86%) and lowest for Cirrhinus mrigala (12.15%) during 2019. The Condition Factor (K) for Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala were noticed in the ranges from 1.4875 to 2.5343, 1.1883 to 2.4142 and 1.3664 to 2.3233, respectively during both the studied years which indicates about the good health condition of fishes in Morvan Dam.The length and weight variables of Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala exhibited linear relationships which are illustrated by coefficient correlation (r), exponent values ‘b’ (indicates positive allometric growth). -
And Condition Factor of Labeo Rohita and Cirrhinus Mrigala in Sutiapat
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2019; 7(1): 420-424 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Studies on length-weight relationship (LWR) and JEZS 2019; 7(1): 420-424 © 2019 JEZS condition factor of Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus Received: 01-11-2018 Accepted: 03-12-2018 mrigala in sutiapat reservoir, Kabirdham, Ritesh Chandrvanshi Chhattisgarh, India Department of Aquaculture College of Fisheries, Central Agriculture University, Lembucherra, Tripura, India Ritesh Chandrvanshi, Rakesh Uraon, Niranjan Sarang and HK Vardia Rakesh Uraon Abstract College of Fisheries, CGKV, This study aimed to estimate the length-weight relationship and characterized the condition factor of Kawardha, Chhattisgarh, India Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala is one of the most abundant and economically important species in Niranjan Sarang sutiapat reservoir. The Sutiapat reservoir is a medium irrigation reservoir which is located in the Department of Fisheries Kabirdham district of Chhattisgarh. The present study describes the length-weight relationship and Resource Management condition factor of L. rohita and C. mrigala to determine the growth pattern. The fish sampled range College of Fisheries, CGKV, between total length 38.30 cm to 62.00 cm and total weight 850.00 gm to 3000.00 gm for L. rohita and Kawardha, Chhattisgarh, India C. mrigala from 36.50 cm. to 48.00 cm. in total length and 800.00 gm to 1250.00 gm in total weight. The correlation coefficient ‘r’ was found to be significant and observed to be 0.96 and 0.94 in L. rohita and C. HK Vardia mrigala respectively. The experimental fish ranged the length-weight relationship was calculated based Department of Aquaculture on a sample collected during the study period revealed a strong linear relationship between total length College of Fisheries, CGKV, and weight. -
Wetlands of Majuli: the Second Largest River Island of the World Majuli, the Largest Human Inhabited River Island of Assam
HHimalayanimalayan EEcologycology ISSN: 2277-9000 Vol. 11 (3), 2014 Inside the issue ... Securing the future of Himalayan Wetlands The wetlands of Indian Himalayan Region (IHR)..... Page 1 Wetlands of Majuli: The second largest river island of the world Majuli, the largest human inhabited river island of Assam..... Page 3 Aquaculture and Ecotourism Potential in Arunachal Pradesh: Mehao and Ganga lakes Sharma Subrat credit: Photo Arunachal Pradesh lying within the high An arial view of Loktak Lake precipitation zone is..... Page 4 Loktak Lake: A fresh water lake of Securing the future of Himalayan wetlands International Importance in NE India Loktak lake located in the Bishnupur..... he wetlands of Indian Himalayan Region February, marks the date of the adoption of the Page 5 T(IHR) scattered in different geographical Convention on Wetlands on 2 February, 1971 regions from high altitude cold arid zone of Ladakh in Iran. Deepor Beel: The Ramsar Site of Assam to the flood plains of Brahmaputra, are mosaic of The growing concern about the Deepor Beel Wildlife Sanctuary and the Ramsar site..... varying sizes ranging from lentic to lotic habitats. conservation of wetland biodiversity has led They have a great role to play in preserving the the search for more eco-friendly, sustainable Page 6 earth’s fragile eco-system and are regarded as direct and more effective as well as economic Lakes of Kumaun in Uttarakhand: or indirect life supporting systems for millions of strategies. Identification of the key drivers Temporal variation in water..... living beings having great economic, aesthetic and of wetland change and adoption of suitable Uttarakhand state comprises two major scientific importance. -
Ramsar-Sites-In-India.Pdf
Ramsar Sites in India - List of Ramsar Sites Ramsar Sites are the wetlands that have international importance. The term was coined when the International Treaty for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Wetlands was signed at a city of Iran called Ramsar in 1971. The topic, 'Ramsar Sites of India' is important for the upcoming IAS Exam as recently Sambhar Lake had been in the news for its deterioration over salt mining. Sambhar Lake is a Ramsar Site in India. Hence, candidates should read about Ramsar Sites and the Ramsar Convention for UPSC preparation. Read on to get the relevant facts about Ramsar Sites and the list of Ramsar Sites. Ramsar Sites in India - Latest Addition In December 2020, the Tso Kar Wetland Complex was added to the list of Ramsar sites in India. This includes the high-altitude wetland complex of two connected lakes, Startsapuk Tso and Tso Kar, in Ladakh. The following sites have been added as the recognized Ramsar Sites in India: 1. Maharashtra - Lonar Lake 2. Agra (Uttar Pradesh) - Sur Sarovar also called, Keetham Lake 3. Uttarakhand - Asan Barrage 4. Bihar - Kanwar Lake or Kabal Taal Facts about Ramsar Sites & Indian Wetlands The table below provides relevant facts in brief for the use in UPSC Exam: Ramsar Sites in India & Indian Wetlands What are Ramsar Any wetland site which has been listed under the Ramsar Convention that aims to Sites? conserve it and promote sustainable use of its natural resources is called a Ramsar Site. Ramsar Convention is known as the Convention of Wetlands. It was established in 1971 What is the Ramsar by UNESCO and came into force in 1975. -
Ramsar Sites in India
NATIONAL IAS ACADEMY SUPER40 (BOOKLET NUMBER – 10) CONTACT: 9632334466 PRESENTS SUPER 40 SERIES TOP 40 PDFS FOR UPSC PRELIMINARY EXAM 2019 BOOKLET NUMBER - 10 RAMSAR SITES IN INDIA VIJAYANAGAR BRANCH: #3444, ‘KARMA KOUSHALYA BHAVAN’, CHORD ROAD, OPPOSITE TO ATTIGUPPE METRO STATION, VIJAYANAGAR, BANGALORE – 540040 JAYANAGAR BRANCH: LUCKY PARADISE, 2ND FLOOR, 8TH F MAIN ROAD, 22ND CROSS, OPPOSITE TO ICICI BANK, 3RD BLOCK, JAYANAGAR, BANGALORE -560011 1 | P a g e NATIONAL IAS ACADEMY SUPER40 (BOOKLET NUMBER – 10) CONTACT: 9632334466 2 | P a g e NATIONAL IAS ACADEMY SUPER40 (BOOKLET NUMBER – 10) CONTACT: 9632334466 RAMSAR SITES IN INDIA Ramsar is a city in Iran. In 1971, an international treaty for conservation and sustainable use of wetlands was signed at Ramsar. The Convention’s mission is “the conservation and wise use of all wetlands through local and national actions and international cooperation, as a contribution towards achieving sustainable development throughout the world”. ASHTAMUDI WETLAND It is in Kerala. A natural backwater in Kollam district. River Kallada and Pallichal drains into it. It forms an estuary with Sea at Neendakara which is a famous fishing harbour in Kerala. National Waterway 3 passes through it. Most tastiest backwater fish in kerala, the Karimeen of kanjiracode Kayal is from Ashtamudi Lake. BHITAKANIKA MANGROVES It is in Odisha. In 1975, an area of 672 km2 was declared the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary. The core area of the sanctuary, with an area of 145 km2, was declared Bhitarkanika National Park in September 1998. Gahirmatha Marine Wildlife Sanctuary, which bounds the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary to the east, was created in September 1997, and encompasses Gahirmatha Beach and an adjacent portion of the Bay of Bengal. -
A Case Study of Harike Wetland
Sengupta, M. and Dalwani, R. (Editors). 2008 Proceedings of Taal2007: The 12th World Lake Conference: 680-684 Using Remote Sensing Data to Study Wetland Dynamics – A Case Study of Harike Wetland Archana Sarkar and Sanjay K Jain National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee-247667, Uttrakhand Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT In the context of environment, wetlands play a very important role. They protect and improve the quality of water and keep the local weather moderate. They are one of the most productive areas of our ecological system. Disappearance of such wetlands has caused changes in weather conditions and reduction of sub-soil water level. The Harike wetland ecosystem in the Punjab state of India was created in 1953 by the construction of a barrage at the confluence of the Satluj and Beas rivers. Considered a wetland of international importance, it was included in the list of Ramsar sites in 1990. It is a breeding ground and habitat for a large variety of migratory as well as domiciled birds. Like many wetlands in India, Harike is also beset with problems and its area is reducing. Therefore, in the present study, the wetland area mapping has been carried out using multidate IRS satellite data and the wetland area has been classified into aquatic vegetation, water spread area and water logged area for the years 1990, 1999 and 2003. These water related features have been delineated using normalized difference water index (NDWI). It has been found that the wetland area has reduced by more than 30% over a period of 13 years. Keywords: Wetland, runoff, ground water, remote sensing, aquatic, waterlogged INTRODUCTION human settlement but also is responsible for climate controls and ecosystems productivities. -
Harike Lake Submitted to the Ramsar Convention by the Indian Government Is Typed Below
The information on Harike Lake submitted to the Ramsar Convention by the Indian Government is typed below: Harike Lake (Punjab) Area: 4100 ha. Location: 31°13’N - 75°12’E. Situated in the districts of Kapurthala, Ferozepur and Amritsar. Degree of protection: The wetland has been identified as one of the sites for conservation under Indian National Wetland Programme. The State Government has prepared a Management Action Plan for conservation of the wetland, and has been funded by the Central Government. This wetland has also been declared as wildlife sanctuary by the State Government. Site description: Harike Lake, formed by damming of Beas-Sutlej watershed, is the biggest watershed of Punjab. This lake attracts a number of migratory birds. On account of heavy siltation due to denuded catchment area, the ponded area is gradually decreasing. The lake is heavily infested by water hyacinth. The main fish fauna in the lake is Hilsa. Criteria for inclusion: - International and National importance: Harike wetland is source of water supply for drinking and irrigation and has an important role in the economy of the State. During the winter period, about 196 species of birds visit the lake, which include migratory species as well as resident birds. The livelihood of nearby villagers to some extent depend upon fish resources of the lake. - Changes in ecological character: A major chunk of Harike Lake is infested by water hyacinth. The lake is also getting contaminated with chemicals and insecticides used in the surrounding areas. Due to deforestation in the catchment area, the lake is getting heavily silted and the ponded area is gradually decreasing. -
A Study of Basai Wetlands, Haryana (India)
Disappearing Wetland: A Study of Basai Wetlands, Haryana (India) International Journal of Economic Research ISSN : 0972-9380 available at http: www.serialsjournals.com „ Serials Publications Pvt. Ltd. Volume 14 • Number 20 • 2017 Disappearing Wetland: A Study of Basai Wetlands, Haryana (India) Vipin Solanki1 and Aparna Joshi2 1Research Scholar, Domain of Geography, School of Arts and Languages, Lovely Professional University, Punjab. Email: [email protected] 2Corresponding author, Assistant Professor, Domain of Geography, School of Arts and Languages, Lovely Professional University, Punjab. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT “Wetlands are land transitional between terrestrial and aquatic system where the water table is usually at or near the surface or the land is covered by shallow water”. Wetland helps in flood control, waste water treatment, bird’s habitat and also generates income for people living in the vicinity of the wetland through crop production and fishing. It is a known fact that wetlands helps in maintaining the healthy balance between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem, but, now-a-days, they are facing the threat of extinction owing to development and urbanisation which is leading to a decrease in their total area day by day. Basai wetlands, located in Gurgaon city in Gurugram district of Haryana, India has been experiencing rapid shrinkage in its area over recent years due to continuous encroachment resulting from ever expanding city. The paper, based on secondary data, examines the importance, threats and challenges faced by the wetland along with presenting a comparison between Basai and Sultanpur wetlands, which are located close to each other but in terms of conservation efforts display wide disparities. -
Carbon Sequestration Potential of Wetlands Across Punjab and Possible Climate Mitigation Strategy
CARBON SEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL OF WETLANDS ACROSS PUNJAB AND POSSIBLE CLIMATE MITIGATION STRATEGY DISSERTATION REPORT Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the award of the Degree of MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY in ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (CIVIL ENGINEERING) by Naveed Najam (11208308) Under the Guidance of Ms. Alka Yadav (Assistant Professor) (School of Civil Engineering) Lovely Professional University Punjab 2017 DECLARATION I, Naveed Najam (11208308), hereby declare that this thesis report entitled “carbon sequestration potential of wetlands across punjab and possible climate mitigation strategy” submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree of Master of Civil Engineering, in the School of Civil Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, is my own work. This matter embodied in this report has not been submitted in part or full to any other university or institute for the award of any degree. Date: Naveed Najam Place: i CERTIFICATE Certified that this project report entitled “carbon sequestration potential of wetlands across punjab and possible climate mitigation strategy” submitted individually by student of School of Civil Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara , carried out the work under my supervision for the Award of Degree. This report has not been submitted to any other university or institution for the award of any degree. Ms. Alka Yadav Assistant Professor Supervisor ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I highly appreciate my mentor Ms. Alka Yadav for the completion of my work. It was only by her help I was able to do the work till the end. She stood with me which will always boost my morale. I also thank Dr. V. -
Environmentally Sensitive Elements in Groundwater of an Industrial Town in India: Spatial Distribution and Human Health Risk
water Article Environmentally Sensitive Elements in Groundwater of an Industrial Town in India: Spatial Distribution and Human Health Risk Dapinder Deep Singh 1, Parteek Singh Thind 2, Mukta Sharma 3, Sashikanta Sahoo 4 and Siby John 2,* 1 Department of Civil Engineering, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala 144601, India; [email protected] 2 Department of Civil Engineering, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh 160012, India; [email protected] 3 Department of Geology, School of Built Environment, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala 144601, India; [email protected] 4 Geology, Water Resources and Geoinformatics Division, Punjab Remote Sensing Centre, Ludhiana 141004, India; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +91-94634-95575 Received: 22 September 2019; Accepted: 5 November 2019; Published: 8 November 2019 Abstract: This paper presents the results of a study to assess the groundwater quality in an industrial town located in Punjab, India. A total of 99 samples of groundwater were analyzed during the premonsoon and postmonsoon periods of 2018, which revealed the presence of numerous environmentally sensitive elements (ESEs), namely, arsenic (As), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb). Geographic information system (GIS)-based spatial interpolation showed higher contamination levels around the industrial areas and the drainage channel where industrial effluent is generally discharged. Further, groundwater quality was assessed using the heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and the metal index (MI), which indicated poor drinkability of the groundwater. Human exposure to groundwater contaminated with ESEs can pose serious health risks; therefore, noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks due to presence of these elements were also evaluated.