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A New Robust Technique for Testing of Glucocorticosteroids in Dogs and Horses Terry E
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2007 A new robust technique for testing of glucocorticosteroids in dogs and horses Terry E. Webster Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Veterinary Toxicology and Pharmacology Commons Recommended Citation Webster, Terry E., "A new robust technique for testing of glucocorticosteroids in dogs and horses" (2007). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 15029. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/15029 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A new robust technique for testing of glucocorticosteroids in dogs and horses by Terry E. Webster A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Toxicology Program o f Study Committee: Walter G. Hyde, Major Professor Steve Ensley Thomas Isenhart Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2007 Copyright © Terry Edward Webster, 2007. All rights reserved UMI Number: 1446027 Copyright 2007 by Webster, Terry E. All rights reserved. UMI Microform 1446027 Copyright 2007 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 ii DEDICATION I want to dedicate this project to my wife, Jackie, and my children, Shauna, Luke and Jake for their patience and understanding without which this project would not have been possible. -
Pharmacologyonline 2: 252-260 (2006) Colovic Et Al
Pharmacologyonline 2: 252-260 (2006) Colovic et al. THE 1-(2,3-DICHLOROPHENYL)-PIPERAZINE-TO-ARIPIPRAZOLE RATIO AT STEADY STATE IN RATS AND SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS Milena Colovica, Giuseppe Campianib, Stefania Butinib, Alberto Parabiaghia and Silvio Cacciaa aIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milan, Italy bDipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico and European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Universita` di Siena, Siena, Italy Summary Aripiprazole metabolism includes N-dealkylation to 1-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-piperazine which was present as a minor metabolite in serum of eight schizophrenic outpatients taking 5-15 mg/day. As phenylpiperazines concentrate in the brain, causing serotonin receptor-related effects, the authors examined the compounds’ concentrations in brain of rats given 10 mg/kg aripiprazole dihydrochloride orally, approximately every half-life for five half-lives, and evaluated the metabolite-to-parent drug ratio at steady state. The metabolite had higher brain uptake (about 26) than aripiprazole (about 5) and therefore the metabolite-to-parent drug ratio was higher in brain (0.43 ± 0.07, on molar basis) than in blood (0.08 ± 0.01). However, assuming that the compounds concentrate in human brain to the same extent as in the rat, one can conclude that at the site of action the metabolite represents only about 6% of aripiprazole. It is therefore conceivable that the metabolite contributes to the central effects of aripiprazole for rats, but this is unlikely for patients taking therapeutic doses. Key Words: Aripiprazole; 1-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-piperazine; brain-to-blood distribution; metabolite-to-parent drug ratio With a pharmacological profile that differs from currently marketed antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders, aripiprazole is a first-in-class drug. -
A Straightforward Route to Enantiopure Pyrrolizidines And
Molecules 2001, 6, 784-795 molecules ISSN 1420-3049 http://www.mdpi.org Biologically Active 1-Arylpiperazines. Synthesis of New N-(4- Aryl-1-piperazinyl)alkyl Derivatives of Quinazolidin-4(3H)-one, 2,3-Dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione and 1,2-Dihydropyridazine- 3,6-dione as Potential Serotonin Receptor Ligands Piotr Kowalski1,*, Teresa Kowalska1, Maria J. Mokrosz2, Andrzej J. Bojarski2 and Sijka Charakchieva-Minol2 1 Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska str., 31-155 Cracow, Poland; 2 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna str., 31-343 Cracow, Poland * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; e-mail: [email protected] Received: 26 February 2001; in revised form: 28 August 2001 / Accepted: 28 August 2001 / Published: 31 August 2001 Abstract: The synthesis of a series of new n-propyl and n-butyl chain containing 1-aryl- piperazine derivatives of quinazolidin-4(3H)-one (7) 2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4- dione (8) and 1-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyridazine-3,6-dione (9) as potential serotonin receptor ligands is described. Keywords: Arylpiperazines, lactams, serotonin receptor ligands. Introduction Early studies by Hibert et al. have shown that there are two basic pharmacophore groups common to all five classes of 5-HT1A receptor ligands: a basic nitrogen atom and an aromatic ring with its centre positioned at a distance of 5.2-5.7 Å [1]. Since then several attempts have been made to extend that model, but the large diversity of ligand structures made definition of general interaction modes Molecules 2001, 6 785 impossible. -
2021 Unitedhealthcare PATH Reference Guide
UnitedHealthcare® Quality Reference Guide 2020/21 HEDIS,® CMS Part D, CAHPS® and HOS Measures HEDIS® is a registered trademark of the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA). CAHPS® is a registered trademark of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Information contained in this guide is based on NCQA HEDIS® technical specifications. For more details, please visit ncqa.org. ©2021 United HealthCare Services, Inc. We have the same goal: To help improve your patients’ health outcomes by identifying and addressing open care opportunities. Like you, we want your patients, who are UnitedHealthcare plan members, to be as healthy as possible. And a big part of that is making sure they get the preventive care and chronic care management they need. To help identify care opportunities, our PATH program gives you information specific to UnitedHealthcare members who are due or overdue for specific services. This reference guide can help you better understand the specifications for many of the quality measurement programs and tools used to address care opportunities, as well as how to report data and what billing codes to use. For additional PATH resources or to access this guide online, please visit UHCprovider.com/path. Insurance coverage provided by or through UnitedHealthcare Insurance Company or its affiliates. Health plan coverage provided by UnitedHealthcare of Arizona, Inc., UHC of California DBA UnitedHealthcare of California, UnitedHealthcare Benefits Plan of California, UnitedHealthcare of Colorado, Inc., UnitedHealthcare -
Contact Dermatitis to Medications and Skin Products
Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology (2019) 56:41–59 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-018-8705-0 Contact Dermatitis to Medications and Skin Products Henry L. Nguyen1 & James A. Yiannias2 Published online: 25 August 2018 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Consumer products and topical medications today contain many allergens that can cause a reaction on the skin known as allergic contact dermatitis. This review looks at various allergens in these products and reports current allergic contact dermatitis incidence and trends in North America, Europe, and Asia. First, medication contact allergy to corticosteroids will be discussed along with its five structural classes (A, B, C, D1, D2) and their steroid test compounds (tixocortol-21-pivalate, triamcinolone acetonide, budesonide, clobetasol-17-propionate, hydrocortisone-17-butyrate). Cross-reactivities between the steroid classes will also be examined. Next, estrogen and testosterone transdermal therapeutic systems, local anesthetic (benzocaine, lidocaine, pramoxine, dyclonine) antihistamines (piperazine, ethanolamine, propylamine, phenothiazine, piperidine, and pyrrolidine), top- ical antibiotics (neomycin, spectinomycin, bacitracin, mupirocin), and sunscreen are evaluated for their potential to cause contact dermatitis and cross-reactivities. Finally, we examine the ingredients in the excipients of these products, such as the formaldehyde releasers (quaternium-15, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3 diol, diazolidinyl urea, imidazolidinyl urea, DMDM hydantoin), the non- formaldehyde releasers (isothiazolinones, parabens, methyldibromo glutaronitrile, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate, and thimero- sal), fragrance mixes, and Myroxylon pereirae (Balsam of Peru) for contact allergy incidence and prevalence. Furthermore, strategies, recommendations, and two online tools (SkinSAFE and the Contact Allergen Management Program) on how to avoid these allergens in commercial skin care products will be discussed at the end. -
Decadron® (Dexamethasone Tablets, Usp)
NDA 11-664/S-062 Page 3 TABLETS DECADRON® (DEXAMETHASONE TABLETS, USP) DESCRIPTION DECADRON* (dexamethasone tablets, USP) tablets, for oral administration, are supplied in two potencies, 0.5 mg and 0.75 mg. Inactive ingredients are calcium phosphate, lactose, magnesium stearate, and starch. Tablets DECADRON 0.5 mg also contain D&C Yellow 10 and FD&C Yellow 6. Tablets DECADRON 0.75 mg also contain FD&C Blue 1. The molecular weight for dexamethasone is 392.47. It is designated chemically as 9-fluoro-11β,17,21- trihydroxy-16α-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione. The empirical formula is C22H29FO5 and the structural formula is: Dexamethasone, a synthetic adrenocortical steroid, is a white to practically white, odorless, crystalline powder. It is stable in air. It is practically insoluble in water. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Glucocorticoids, naturally occurring and synthetic, are adrenocortical steroids that are readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Glucocorticoids cause varied metabolic effects. In addition, they modify the body's immune responses to diverse stimuli. Naturally occurring glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone and cortisone), which also have sodium-retaining properties, are used as replacement therapy in adrenocortical deficiency states. Their synthetic analogs including dexamethasone are primarily used for their anti-inflammatory effects in disorders of many organ systems. At equipotent anti-inflammatory doses, dexamethasone almost completely lacks the sodium-retaining property of hydrocortisone and closely related derivatives of hydrocortisone. INDICATIONS AND USAGE Allergic states: Control of severe or incapacitating allergic conditions intractable to adequate trials of conventional treatment in asthma, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, drug hypersensitivity reactions, perennial or seasonal allergic rhinitis, and serum sickness. -
Pharmaceuticals As Environmental Contaminants
PharmaceuticalsPharmaceuticals asas EnvironmentalEnvironmental Contaminants:Contaminants: anan OverviewOverview ofof thethe ScienceScience Christian G. Daughton, Ph.D. Chief, Environmental Chemistry Branch Environmental Sciences Division National Exposure Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development Environmental Protection Agency Las Vegas, Nevada 89119 [email protected] Office of Research and Development National Exposure Research Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Las Vegas, Nevada Why and how do drugs contaminate the environment? What might it all mean? How do we prevent it? Office of Research and Development National Exposure Research Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Las Vegas, Nevada This talk presents only a cursory overview of some of the many science issues surrounding the topic of pharmaceuticals as environmental contaminants Office of Research and Development National Exposure Research Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Las Vegas, Nevada A Clarification We sometimes loosely (but incorrectly) refer to drugs, medicines, medications, or pharmaceuticals as being the substances that contaminant the environment. The actual environmental contaminants, however, are the active pharmaceutical ingredients – APIs. These terms are all often used interchangeably Office of Research and Development National Exposure Research Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Las Vegas, Nevada Office of Research and Development Available: http://www.epa.gov/nerlesd1/chemistry/pharma/image/drawing.pdfNational -
European Journal of Pharmacology 753 (2015) 2–18
European Journal of Pharmacology 753 (2015) 2–18 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect European Journal of Pharmacology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ejphar Review Serotonin: A never-ending story Berend Olivier a,b,n a Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences & Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands b Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA article info abstract Article history: The neurotransmitter serotonin is an evolutionary ancient molecule that has remarkable modulatory Accepted 16 October 2014 effects in almost all central nervous system integrative functions, such as mood, anxiety, stress, aggression, Available online 7 November 2014 feeding, cognition and sexual behavior. After giving a short outline of the serotonergic system (anatomy, Keywords: receptors, transporter) the author's contributions over the last 40 years in the role of serotonin in Serotonin depression, aggression, anxiety, stress and sexual behavior is outlined. Each area delineates the work Depression performed on animal model development, drug discovery and development. Most of the research work Anxiety described has started from an industrial perspective, aimed at developing animals models for psychiatric Aggression diseases and leading to putative new innovative psychotropic drugs, like in the cases of the SSRI SSRI fluvoxamine, the serenic eltoprazine and the anxiolytic flesinoxan. Later this research work mainly focused Fluvoxamine on developing translational animal models for psychiatric diseases and implicating them in the search for mechanisms involved in normal and diseased brains and finding new concepts for appropriate drugs. & 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Serotonin, history, drugs . -
Improved Penetrating Topical Pharmaceutical Compositions Containing Corticosteroids
Europaisches Patentamt ® European Patent Office © Publication number: 0 129 283 Office europeen des brevets A2 © EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION © Application number: 84200821.1 ©Int CI.3: A 61 K 31/57 A 61 K 47/00, A 61 K 9/06 © Date of filing: 12.06.84 © Priority: 21.06.83 US 506274 © Applicant: THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY 01.02.84 US 576065 301 East Sixth Street Cincinnati Ohio 45201 (US) © Date of publication of application: © Inventor: Cooper, Eugene Rex 27.12.84 Bulletin 84/52 2425 Ambassador Drive Cincinnati, OH 45231 (US) © Designated Contracting States: BE CH DE FR GB IT Li NL SE © Inventor: Loomans, Maurice Edward 5231 Jessup Road Cincinnati, OH 45239IUS) © Inventor: Fawzi, Mahdi Bakir 11 Timberline Drive Flanders New Jersey 07836(US) © Representative: Suslic, Lydia et al, Procter & Gamble European Technical Center Temselaan 100 B-1820 Strombeek-Bever(BE) © Improved penetrating topical pharmaceutical compositions containing corticosteroids. Topical pharmaceutical compositions containing a cor- ticosteroid component and a penetration-enhancing vehicle are disclosed. The vehicle comprises a binary combination of a C3-C4 diol and a "cell-envelope disordering compound". The vehicle provides marked transepidermal and percutaneous delivery of corticosteroids. A method of treating certain rheumatic and inflammatory conditions, systemically or loc- ally, is also disclosed. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to topical compositions effective in delivering high levels of certain pharmaceutically-active cor- ticosteroid agents through the integument. Because of the ease of access, dynamics of application, large surface area, vast exposure to the circulatory and lymphatic networks, and non-invasive nature of the treatment, the delivery of pharmaceutically-active agents through the skin has long been a promising concept. -
Glucocorticoids in the Treatment of Glomerular Diseases Pitfalls and Pearls
Glucocorticoids in the Treatment of Glomerular Diseases Pitfalls and Pearls Claudio Ponticelli1 and Francesco Locatelli2 Abstract 1Division of Glucocorticoids exert anti-inflammatoryand immunosuppressiveactivities by genomic and nongenomic effects. The Nephrology, Ospedale classic genomic effects are mediated by cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors that can upregulate the expression of anti- Maggiore, Milano, Italy; and 2Division of inflammatory proteins in the nucleus (transactivation) or repress the translocation of proinflammatory transcription Nephrology, Ospedale factors from the cytosol into the nucleus (transrepression). The nongenomic effects are probably mediated by Alessandro Manzoni, membrane glucocorticoid receptors. Glucocorticoid receptors are expressed also in podocytes and experimental Lecco, Italy data suggestthat glucocorticoidsmay protect from podocyteinjury.Glucocorticoids havealowtherapeutic index and may exert a number of time-dependent and dose-dependent side effects. Measures to prevent or attenuate side effects Correspondence: include single-morning administration of short-acting glucocorticoids, dietetic counseling, increasing physical Dr. Claudio Ponticelli, Past Director activity, frequent monitoring, and adapting the doses to the clinical conditions of the patient. Synthetic Nephrology, Ospedale glucocorticoids, either given alone or in combination with other immunosuppressive drugs, are still the cornerstone Maggiore, Milano, therapy in multiple glomerular disorders. However, glucocorticoids are of little benefit in C3 glomerulopathy Italy. Email: ponticelli. and may be potentially deleterious in patients with maladaptive focal glomerulosclerosis. Their efficacy depends [email protected] not only on the type and severity of glomerular disease, but also on the timeliness of administration, the dosage, and the duration of treatment. Whereas an excessive use of glucocorticoids can be responsible for severe toxicity, too low a dosage and too short duration of glucocorticoid treatment can result in false steroid resistance. -
Download Product Insert (PDF)
PRODUCT INFORMATION Eltoprazine (hydrochloride) Item No. 18428 CAS Registry No.: 98206-09-8 H Formal Name: 1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-5-yl)- N piperazine, monohydrochloride Synonyms: DU-28,853, DU-28,893 MF: C H N O • HCl 12 16 2 2 N • HCl FW: 256.7 Purity: ≥98% O Stability: ≥2 years at -20°C Supplied as: A crystalline solid UV/Vis.: λmax: 216 nm O Laboratory Procedures For long term storage, we suggest that eltoprazine (hydrochloride) be stored as supplied at -20°C. It should be stable for at least two years. Eltoprazine (hydrochloride) is supplied as a crystalline solid. A stock solution may be made by dissolving the eltoprazine (hydrochloride) in the solvent of choice. Eltoprazine (hydrochloride) is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, DMSO, and dimethyl formamide, which should be purged with an inert gas. The solubility of eltoprazine (hydrochloride) in these solvents is approximately 25, 20, and 30 mg/ml, respectively. Further dilutions of the stock solution into aqueous buffers or isotonic saline should be made prior to performing biological experiments. Ensure that the residual amount of organic solvent is insignificant, since organic solvents may have physiological effects at low concentrations. Organic solvent-free aqueous solutions of eltoprazine (hydrochloride) can be prepared by directly dissolving the crystalline solid in aqueous buffers. The solubility of eltoprazine (hydrochloride) in PBS, pH 7.2, is approximately 1 mg/ml. We do not recommend storing the aqueous solution for more than one day. Description Eltoprazine is a phenylpiperazine compound that acts as a partial agonist at serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, and 1 5-HT2B receptors (Kis = 40, 52, and 81 nM, respectively). -
Wo 2008/127291 A2
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (43) International Publication Date PCT (10) International Publication Number 23 October 2008 (23.10.2008) WO 2008/127291 A2 (51) International Patent Classification: Jeffrey, J. [US/US]; 106 Glenview Drive, Los Alamos, GOlN 33/53 (2006.01) GOlN 33/68 (2006.01) NM 87544 (US). HARRIS, Michael, N. [US/US]; 295 GOlN 21/76 (2006.01) GOlN 23/223 (2006.01) Kilby Avenue, Los Alamos, NM 87544 (US). BURRELL, Anthony, K. [NZ/US]; 2431 Canyon Glen, Los Alamos, (21) International Application Number: NM 87544 (US). PCT/US2007/021888 (74) Agents: COTTRELL, Bruce, H. et al.; Los Alamos (22) International Filing Date: 10 October 2007 (10.10.2007) National Laboratory, LGTP, MS A187, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (US). (25) Filing Language: English (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (26) Publication Language: English kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AT,AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY,BZ, CA, CH, (30) Priority Data: CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, 60/850,594 10 October 2006 (10.10.2006) US ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, (71) Applicants (for all designated States except US): LOS LR, LS, LT, LU, LY,MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, ALAMOS NATIONAL SECURITY,LLC [US/US]; Los MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PG, PH, PL, Alamos National Laboratory, Lc/ip, Ms A187, Los Alamos, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, SV, SY, NM 87545 (US).