Government of Jammu & Kashmir
Evaluation Report On Martand Canal CAD Project
(District Anantnag)
Office of the Regional Joint Director, Evl & Sts, Kashmir Directorate of Economics and Statistics, J&K Planning and Development Department Highlights of the study
1. “Martand Canal” irrigation project located in district Anantnag was taken-up under Command Area Development and Water Management (CAD & WM) Programme during 2001-02. It had a gross command area of 6882 hectares which includes 4337 hectares of cultivable command area, spread over 62 villages of 2 tehsils namely, Anantnag and Pahalgam.
2. The official profile of CAD project “Martand Canal” reveals that the available funds amounting to `747.21 lakhs, had been expended to the extent of `742.71 (99.40%) lakhs during the period 2001-09. The revised cost of all activities amounting to `865.03 lakhs approved under the project had not been released in full resulting in adverse effect on the implementation of CAD activities.
3. Field enquiry conducted in 12 sample villages, in which 50 sample beneficiaries were interviewed in the field, revealed that the size of irrigated land was raised by 23% i.e., from 762 kanals to 935 kanals. Overall 744 kanals (80%) of the land of 50 sample beneficiaries was provided treatment under CAD activities under different components.
4. Coverage of additional un-irrigated land of 173 kanals under irrigation resulted change in cropping pattern i.e., shift towards irrigated crops. This led to increase in production & productivity and consequently improvement in social status in terms of residential set up as revealed by 32(64%) sample beneficiary farmers. It was reported by all 50 sample beneficiaries that their income level stood increased due to the implementation of the CAD activities. Moreover, increase in production of paddy crop by 28%, horticulture crop by 13% and oilseed crop by 39% was assessed during the reference period. It was thus observed that socio-economic status somehow had been improved.
5. The enquiry also revealed that 18 beneficiaries(36%) have indicated no improvement in their social status as a result of the implementation of the CAD programme. This portion of beneficiaries had, evidently managed no favourable change in their pattern of cultivation. As could be seen from Table 3.08 of the report that the additional land brought under irrigation belonged to only 32 sample beneficiaries and the remaining 18 farmers could not increase the irrigated land which would have given boost to their farm production in a big way. The cropping pattern in their favour remained unchanged and consequently no abnormal increase in their production occurred. However, all the beneficiaries had stated that there was increase in production. But in favour of some it was normal which could not make any impact on their socio-economic status.
6. The field enquiry revealed that the implementation of the CAD project resulted in 25% increase in Area under crops and 39% increase in production during Rabi crops. Besides, during Kharief crops 30% increase in Area and 28% increase in production of paddy was also recorded. The increase in the area under irrigation is exclusively the achievement obtained under the CAD activities. However, for the increase in production and productivity of crops, the efforts of other line departments of Agriculture, Horticulture, Irrigation etc. also matters to a great extent. But the CAD activities which brought more land under irrigation and also facilitated better irrigation flow have definitely had their favourable effect on the positive outcomes.
7. All sample beneficiary farmers/Water User Association members who were interviewed in the field reported their satisfaction over implementation of the CAD activities. The increase in irrigation facilities, judicious distribution of irrigation water, minimization of wastage/leakage of irrigation water was reported by the sample beneficiaries. However, no Water User Association was formed in 5 sample villages.
8. In fact the CAD activities are mainly focused on the maximum utilization of created irrigation potential in a given command area. The basic parameters for gauging the successfulness of the programme are the maximum utilization of created irrigated potential resulting in bringing more un-irrigated land under production, increasing the flow, facilitating better irrigation and judicious utilization of irrigation water even to the remote tail ends. In the perspective of enquired beneficiaries, all these parameters have undergone a positive change to their best satisfaction.
9. All the 21 sample works were found existing on ground. The works executed were of average quality. During the course of field enquiry, the evaluation team found that the works executed in Hapatnar village were of poor quality and no work stands executed in Khayar sample village during the reference period.
10. The CAD authorities seem to have confined their activities to the management of irrigation water alone. The other activities regarding crops, fertilizers etc. spelt –out in the guidelines were not taken care of. The CAD authorities must either implement the programme in totality in a balanced manner or should strive for modifying the programme and restrict it to the management of irrigation alone.
11. A proper mechanism needs to be evolved to maintain the assets created under CAD project, so that utilization of funds does not go waste. The Water User Associations(WUAs) provided for the purpose have proved not effective in the prevailing situations. In five of the sample villages, no WUA was formed. Further, as per the Departmental view the proper functioning of WUAs need a separate legislative Act and till date no such Act could be passed by the State Legislative Assembly. The funds, as such, could not be released in favour of the WUAs under the component of maintenance and hence the activity could not taken up.
12. The field enquiry revealed that the Water User Associations were formed in 7 sample villages during the year 2007-08. Two WUA members from each Association aggregating to 14 were contacted and it was revealed by all the 14 members that they were taken on board in respect of Plan Formulation and selection of sites. They also admitted to had supervised over the execution of works programme in their area. The practical role entrusted to the Water User Associations as envisaged in the modalities of the programme also underline the need for formation of such Associations in other left-out villages also.
13. All 50 sample beneficiaries suggested that the scheme needs to be augmented and implemented in totality as per the provisions prescribed under the scheme. The assets created under the project were stressed to be looked after to make the programme result oriented and long-lasting for large interest of the targeted population.
Contents
Chapter No Description of Chapter Page No’s
I Introduction 1 – 3
II Financial/Physical Progress 4 – 13
III Field Findings 14 – 37
IV Response of Implementing Deptt, 38 - 39
V Summary of Main Findings 40 - 43
Suggestions & Bottlenecks 44 – 45
Photographs 46 - 47
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Chapter - I
Introduction:- Agriculture is the key sector of J&K economy. 70% of the State’s population depends upon it directly or indirectly. Agriculture thus being a priority sector, various developmental schemes/programmes are presently in force at National/State level through different departments for development of agriculture land and increasing of agriculture production & productivity. Command Area Development Programme is also one of such programmes under implementation in the State.
The Command Area Development Programme (CAD) was initiated in 1974-75 throughout the country as a Centrally Sponsored Programme with the objective to bridge the gap between the irrigation potential created & that utilized through micro level infrastructure development & efficient farm water management. The ultimate objective of the programme is to enhance agriculture production & productivity through an integrated coordinated approach with other line departments like Agriculture, Horticulture etc. in the irrigated commands, which would naturally lead to improvement in the socio-economic status of the farmers. There has been still noticed a gap of around 10 million hectares (Mha) between the irrigation potential created & that utilized in the country. The programme stands re-structured in April, 2004 with deletion of a few components & addition of some new components, renamed as Command Area Development & Water Management (CAD&WM) programme. It takes into consideration almost all aspects of the water resource management including development & management of irrigation system up stream of the outlets & below the outlets for scientific utilization of irrigation water through various developmental & management works.
The Martand canal located in Anantnag District of J&K State is also one of the CAD projects taken up under centrally sponsored Command Area Development and Water Management Programme. The Martand Canal irrigation project also known as “Shah khul” is taking off from Lidder Nallah on the left side near village Ganeshpora at distance of 30 kms from Anantnag town. The canal is designed to discharge 13 cusec of water and is the only source of irrigation for the entire project area. The canal has a gross command area of 6882 hectares which includes 4337 hectares of cultivable command area having cropping pattern paddy, maize etc. as kharief crops and oil seeds, fodder etc. as rabi crops spreading over 62 villages from Ganeshpora to the tail end of Martand Kareva touching the out skirts of Anantnag town. The canal has a sufficient design & discharge to irrigate new areas through lift irrigation schemes in addition to extend irrigation facilities through gravity flow. The following lift irrigation/gravity canals have been constructed/proposed for construction:- i) Brah canal (gravity). ii) Brah Lift irrigation scheme. iii) Haptnar Lift Irrigation scheme. iv) Vail Nagabal Lift Irrigation scheme. v) Satranj Maidan Lift Irrigation scheme. vi) Brakpora Lift Irrigation scheme.
The Martand canal project under Command Area Development programme was taken up during the year 2001-02 and various activities like OFD works in the form of field channels, field drains & land leveling/reshaping, Adaptive trails/demonstration etc. approved under the project were executed by Command Area Development Department Kashmir and thereafter w. e. f 01.04.2004 Command Area Development Programme has been restructured. The instant project also stands implemented as per the restructured Command Area Development & Water Management (CAD&WM) programme (CAD & WM programme).
With a view to assess the achievements made under the Martand canal CAD project, the State Level Evaluation Committee (SLEC) in its 4th meeting held on 17th June, 2009 under the Chairmanship of the then Financial Commissioner, Planning & Development Department decided to get the programme evaluated through the Regional Joint Director, Evaluation & Statistics Kashmir. The study was accordingly conducted as per the following plan stipulation:-
Objectives of the Study.
1. To assess the progress of the scheme viz-a-viz its targets both financial & physical. 2. To assess the quantum of additional land brought under Irrigation through better water management/On Farm Development (OFD) works. 3. To assess the level of increase in production & productivity of land as a result of implementation of CAD programme. 4. To assess the impact of the programme on socio-economic condition of the people. 5. To assess the formation of Water User Associations & their role in maintaining the system. 6. To assess satisfaction level of target group/beneficiaries of the project. 7. To assess the quality of infrastructural works undertaken under CAD programme. 8. To identify the bottlenecks/impediments faced in the implementation of the programme & suggest measures for bringing improvement.
Sample Size & Procedure.
Under Martand canal project 62 villages have been covered. Out of these, 20% villages were selected at random for detailed field enquiry. Moreover, in each selected village 10% beneficiaries were interviewed about various aspects of the programme together with the benefits accruing to them as a result of the scheme in terms of additional land brought under irrigation, increase in production & productivity, intensity of irrigation & the overall satisfaction level. 30% of the works executed under the programme in the selected villages were also brought under evaluation screening with regard to feasibility, quality, functionality & maintenance. 2 members from each Water User Association in selected villages were also interviewed for obtaining their views/comments about the specific parameters prescribed for Evaluation Study.
Reference Period
The reference period for “Evaluation study” was earmarked as 2009- 10. However, in view of closure/completion of the project ending 31.03.2009, the reference period for field study relates to the year 2007-08 & 2008-09. The official data stands reflected in the report with respect to physical/financial achievements against the set targets for the period 2001- 02 to 2008-09.
Source of Data
The official data in terms of financial & physical achievements was collected from the project implementing authorities of Command Area Development Department. The Primary data was collected on sample basis through field survey in the project area on the basis of which Departmental claims were put on scales.
Instruments of Investigation
A set of four formats was devised for collection of secondary data from the project implementing authorities of Command Area Development Department. Further, for collection of primary data, three schedules were devised, first for sample beneficiary farmers, second for members of Water User Association and third for recording the physical status of executed sample works.
Field Work, Scrutiny, Tabulation & Supervision
The field work of this Evaluation study including supervision was done by the staff of District Statistics & Evaluation Officer, Anatnag. However, scrutiny, tabulation and consolidation of primary as well as secondary data was done by the office of Regional Joint Director, Evl. & Sts. Kashmir. Moreover, technical guidance viz. study design and devising of schedules was provided by Regional Joint Director, Evl. & Sts. Kashmir.
Report Writing
The report writing on the subject was done by the Regional Joint Director, E&S, Kashmir under the technical guidance of Director, Economics & Statistics, J&K.
Analytical Tools
All possible & appropriate statistical tools & techniques in terms of averages, percentages etc. were applied in the report.
Chapter – II Scheme and its progress.
The Command Area Development (CAD) Programme initially started in 1974-75 with the objective to bridge the gap between the irrigation potential created & its utilization to optimize the agriculture productivity/production through an integrated & co-ordinated approach for efficient land & farm management in the irrigated commands. As a centrally sponsored programme at National level it was also implemented in J&K State like other states of the country. The programme was restructured & renamed as Command Area Development & Water Management (CAD&WM) Programme with effect from 01.04.2004. It covers almost all aspects of water resources management, which include development and management of the irrigation system up-stream of the outlets. It aims at scientific utilization of irrigation water through various development and management works. The programme covers operation of irrigation system & mechanism to supply water according to the designed cropping pattern and considering the demand as per modern farming technology in an equitable manner. The introduction of suitable technology through advancement of knowledge of stake holders by way of training demonstration & adaptive trails is also provided. The programme also covers proper drainage of surplus water from the fields etc.
I) Financing Pattern.
The financing pattern of 50:50 of old CAD programme continues to be the same under the restructured CAD&WM programme between centre and state. However, in case of soft ware activities like Adaptive trails/demonstration, Action Research, Courses organized/sponsored by the State Govt./Projects/CAD authorities for officers/field functionaries & farmers, monitoring & evaluation, seminars conferences etc., the funding pattern is 75:25 between centre & state. Moreover, the beneficiary contribution has been made mandatory for the components of Restructured CAD&WM programme namely (i) Construction of field channels, (ii)Full package of OFD works, (iii) Reclamation of Water logged Area (iv)Renovation & desilting of existing irrigation tanks & control structure within irrigation commands. In respect of the component namely, Institutional support to Water User Association, the contribution of beneficiary farmer is `.60/=per hectare. Participatory Irrigation Management being a thrust area under the CAD&WM programme central assistance to State Governments is on enactment of participatory Irrigation Management Act. Till Participatory Management Act is passed by the State Legislature alternate arrangements are to be put in place for formation & empowerment of Water User Associations as these are to be utilized for involvement of beneficiaries in the activities to be taken up under CAD project.
II) Scope of Martand Canal CAD Project.
Martand Canal in District Anantnag also known as “Shah Khul” is one of the CAD Projects taken up under CAD&WM programme during 2001-02, which takes off from left side of Lidder Nallah 30 Kms from Anantnag town on Pahalgam Khanabal road. The gross Command Area of it is 6882 hectares, which includes 4337 hectares of cultivable command area. During Karief, the main crops are paddy & maize and during Rabi Fodder & oilseeds are mostly sown in the area. The area is spread over 62 villages of Tehsil Anantnag & Pahalgam up to tail portion of Martand Karewa near out skirts of Anantnag town.
III) Financial/physical performance of CAD Project Martand Canal (2001-09).
The details of components/activities carried out by CAD project “Martand Canal” since implementation i.e. 2001-02 till its closure i.e. 2008-09 along with breakup of approved cost / availability of funds and expenditure (including Central & State share) & physical achievements against project targets are given in the following table:-
Table No. 2.00 Financial/physical status of CAD Project “Martand Canal”.
Financial status (`. In lakhs) Physical status S. (Area in hects) N Approved cost 2001-09 2001-09 o Name of the component/activity Original Revised Availability Exp Project Target Ach 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 OFD Works i) Const. of field channels 433.70 640.00 639.99 638.82 4337 4337 ii) Const. of field drains 50.00 50.00 50.00 49.98 2500 2500 2 Reclamation of Water 18.00 60.00 11.60 11.59 150 51 Logged area 3 Adaptive trails/demonstration 10.00 12.00 11.50 11.45 1000 718 4 Survey & Planning 13.00 13.00 9.22 9.21 4337 3117 5 Correction of system 0.00 63.00 9.00 9.00 1575 150 deficiencies 6 Warabandi 13.00 13.00 7.26 7.23 4337 2728 7 Land leveling 368.98 8.03 8.03 4.83 1600 152 8 Trainings 2.00 6.00 0.61 0.61 14 14 Total 908.68 865.03 747.21 742.72 - -
The project profile depicted in above table reveals as under:-
A) On Farm Development works.
i) Construction of field channels. One of the core activities of CAD&WM programme in the form of OFD works is “Construction of field channels” which stood implemented under the CAD project “Martand Canal” with the main objective to ensure controlled flow of irrigation water with judicious/efficient use, in an increased carrying capacity & its supply to individual holdings within the scheduled time frame in a rotational manner & also to bridge the gap between the potential created & that utilized. The seepage losses in earthen channels being a major concern and as such, lining of field channels is being done under this component to reduce seepage losses. Against the approved cost of Rs 640.00 lakhs, funding had been done in full with its utilization amounting to Rs 638.82 lakhs (99.81%) and the earmarked area of 4337 hectares was claimed to have been covered in full. Usually one cusec design of a rectangular field channel is designed for providing the irrigation to a field of 5.8 hectares block. The design specification of such a channel is as under:-
Bottom Width/Notch = 0.40m Height of sides = 0.40m including 0.10m Top of width = 0.40m Embankments = 0.20 m X-Section Notch = 0.40m x0.40m= 0.16m²
ii) Construction of Field Drains.
It is also one of the main activities for a proper drainage system of surplus water in the form of OFD works taken up under CAD Project “Martand Canal”. The field drains are to be constructed to drain out the excess water from the fields for making the same cultivable and preferably to put such lands for double cropping. The earmarked physical targets of 2500 hectares were claimed to have been covered in full within the available funds of `50.00 lakhs, utilized to the extent of `49.98 lakhs.
B) Reclamation of Water Logged areas.
This activity also stood implemented in CAD project “Martand” with the objective to mitigate the problem of water logging & to bring the land back to its original productivity. Against the physical targets of 150 hectares, 51 hectares only had been covered within the available funds of Rs11.60 lakhs representing 34% physical progress. However, the shortfall in physical achievements under this activity was observed due to inadequate funding against the cost of Rs 60.00 lakhs approved for this component under the CAD project “Martand Canal”.
C) Adaptive trails/demonstrations.
The ultimate objective of this activity is to disseminate the technical knowhow among the farming community. The new methods of increasing productivity, introduction of suitable varieties, proper dose & methods of fertilizer application, irrigation practices are demonstrated to the farmers through this component of the scheme. Accordingly under Martand CAD project, 718 number of such adaptive trails/demonstrations were claimed to have been achieved against approved targets of 1000 number within the available funds of Rs 11.50 lakhs utilized in full. The Department claimed that incentive to beneficiaries in the shape of HYV seeds & fertilizers had been provided under this component to beneficiary farmers during the period 2001-09.
D) Survey & Planning.
It is also a main activity of the CAD&WM programme, under which a topographic survey for planning & designing of CAD activities is being conducted. Against approved cost of Rs 13.00 lakhs for this component, an amount of Rs 9.22 lakhs had been made available which stands utilized in full.
E) Correction of system deficiencies.
This activity stands included in the restructured CAD&WM programme for taking care of system deficiencies above the outlet upto distributaries of 4.25 cusec capacity. The funds under CAD project “Martand canal” had been made available to the extent of `9.00 lakhs against approved cost of ` Rs 63.00 lakhs. The shortfall in funding consequently resulted in low coverage of 150 hectares only against approved physical project targets of 1575 hectares.
F) Warrabandi.
Warrabandi stands introduced with the objective to ensure equitable distribution/supply of irrigation water in irrigation commands to individual holdings as per warabandi operational plan prepared by CAD authorities in consultation with Irrigation and Agriculture Departments. For this activity an amount of Rs 7.26 lakhs released by CAD authorities had been utilized to the extent of Rs 7.23 lakhs covering 2728 hectares against the physical target of 4337 hectares.
G) Land leveling/reshaping.
Under Martand CAD project an amount of Rs 4.83 lakhs had been utilized against availability of Rs 8.03 lakhs covering thereby 152 hectares against physical target of 4337 hectares. However, the shortfall in physical coverage was in view of the fact that instant activity is no more permissible as per revised guidelines.
H) Imparting of training to farming community.
An amount of Rs `0.61 lakhs was incurred for imparting training to farming community. 14 training camps were held for the said purpose during the period 2001-09. Meager funds were provided under the project for this activity against the approved revised cost of Rs 6.00 lakhs.
IV) Year-wise Financial Availability under CAD Project “Martand Canal” (2001-09).
The year-wise breakup of funds made available and its utilization since implementation to the closure of the project is given in the following table:-
Table No. 2.01
Year-wise availability of funds/expenditure under CAD Project “Martand Canal” during the period 2001-09. (Rs`.in lakhs) S.No Name of the Approved cost 2001-07 2007-08 2008-09 Grand Total %age of component/activity 2001-09 exp. Org. Revised Outlay Exp Outlay Exp. Outlay Exp. Outlay Exp. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 OFD Works I) Const. of field 433.70 640.00 370.81 369.71 137.90 137.83 131.28 131.28 639.99 638.82 99.81 ii) Const.c hannels of field drains 50.00 50.00 50.00 49.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 49.98 99.96 2 Reclamation of 18.00 60.00 11.60 11.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.60 11.59 99.91 Water 3 Adaptive trails/ 10.00 12.00 7.70 7.70 2.80 2.76 1.00 0.99 11.50 11.45 99.56 demonstration 4 Survey & Planning 13.00 13.00 9.22 9.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.22 9.21 99.89 5 Correction of system 0.00 63.00 9.00 9.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.00 9.00 100.00 deficiencies 6 Warabandi 13.00 13.00 6.86 6.83 0.40 0.40 0.00 0.00 7.26 7.23 99.59 7 Land levelling/reshaping368.98 8.03 8.03 4.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.03 4.83 60.15 8 Trainings 2.00 6.00 0.41 0.41 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.61 0.61 100.00 Total 908.68 865.03 473.63 469.26 141.30 141.19 132.28 132.27 747.21 742.72 99.40
The above table reveals that the total funds (Central/State share) allocated for “Martand Canal” under Command Area Development and Water Management programme up to ending 31.03.2009 amounting to Rs `747.21 lakhs had been utilized to the extent of `Rs 742.72 lakhs (99.40%). The funds amounting to Rs `639.99 lakhs were released for construction of field channels during the period 2001- up to 2009 out of which an amount of Rs 638.82 lacs were utilized during the said period representing 99.81%. In a similar way, an amount of Rs 50.00 lakhs made available during 2001- 07 for construction of field drains had been utilized in full. However, the funding for remaining components had not been provided to the extent of their approved cost. These components include i) Reclamation of water logged areas, ii) Correction of system deficiencies & iii) Warabandi and Trainings etc. The funds so made available for these activities had been utilized in full except in respect of land leveling/reshaping with the reasons, the instant component stands excluded as per revised guidelines.
While concluding, it is observed that financial availability for core components had remained steady but other activities of the project as stated above were not addressed appropriately. All the components of the project need appropriate attention to maintain the balance for realization of ultimate objectives. As a matter of fact the CAD authorities shall have to monitor the activities of CAD projects closely and facilitate completion of all codal procedures required as per guidelines for timely release of balance funds. Other-wise lapse in this behalf shall be the outcome of poor funding, resulting shortfall in physical achievements. The figures in respect of approved cost, outlay and expenditure were got authenticated from the implementing Department vide their letter No:Dev/CAD/Pul/2013-14/1942 dated:11-10-2013 and adopted in the report.
V) Year-wise Physical Achievements against earmarked targets under CAD Project “Martand Canal” (2001-09).
The year-wise physical achievements against earmarked targets under different components/activities of CAD project during the period 2001-09 are reflected in the following table:-
Table No. 2.02
Physical targets & achievements under activities of CAD project “Martand canal” during the period 2001-09
S.No Component/activity Unit Approved 2001-07 2007-08 2008-09 Total project targets Tar Ach Tar Ach Tar Ach. Tar Ach 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 OFD works i) Field channels Ha 4337 2985 2985 880 880 472 472 4337 4337 ii) Field drains Ha 2500 2500 2500 - - - - 2500 2500 2 Adaptive trails/demonstrations Nos. 1000 505 505 213 213 - - 718 718 3 Survey & Planning Ha 4337 4337 3117 - - - - 4337 3117 4 Warabandi Ha 4337 2,460 2,460 135 135 133 133 2728 2728 5 Reclamation of Water logged Area Ha 150 51 51 - - - - 51 51 6 Land levelling/Re-shapping Ha 1600 152 152 - - - - 152 152 7 Correction of system deficiencies Ha 1575 150 150 - - - - 150 150 8 Trainings Nos. - 12 12 2 2 - - 14 14
It is revealed in above table that field channels were to be constructed for covering an area of 4337 hectares of land which stands achieved in full with a breakup of 2985 hectares, 880 hectares and 472 hectares during the period 2001-07, 2007-08 and 2008-09 respectively. Likewise field drains were also constructed to cover an area of 2500 hectares against the same target during the period 2001-07. It can as such be concluded that core activities in the form of field channels and field drains had covered targeted area in full within the irrigation commands of the CAD Project “Martand Canal” as claimed by the CAD authorities. Thus, ultimately a controlled flow of irrigation water was ensured with increased capacity from the outlet to individual holdings in a rotational/efficient manner within the fixed time schedule. Like-wise as per the official claims under the component of Adaptive Trials/Demonstrations, 718 No. of farmers were benefitted by way of providing fertilizer incentives of Urea, DAP & MOP for the trials/demonstration plots under HYV seeds. Further, necessary training to farming community regarding irrigation practices and scientific water management stood imparted by the field functionaries of Command Area Development Department. Moreover, the suitable crops and crop varieties were introduced by the Agriculture Department in the project area of CAD Project “Martand Canal” under their technical supervision including technical experts from SKUAST enabling the farming community to know the proper dose and methods of fertilizer application, irrigation practices and scientific utilization of irrigation water.
The physical achievements under reclamation of water logged area, correction of system deficiencies and warabandi reportedly was of the order of 51, 150 and 2728 hectares respectively. Poor funding for these activities was the only cause of curtailment of actual targets approved under the CAD project. This needs to be looked into by the CAD authorities.
VI) Physical coverage of additional land (Un-irrigated):
The irrigation facility extended to un-irrigated land of 12 sample villages under CAD Project “Martand Canal” is given with year-wise breakup in the following table:-
Table No. 2.03 Physical coverage of additional un-irrigated land in 12 sample villages during the period 2001-09
under CAD Project “Martand Canal”.
S.No Year Area under irrigation at the No. of land Addl. Land bought No. of Total area start of the year holders under irrigation land ending (in Hectares) (Nos) (in Hectares) holders the year (in Hectares) 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 1 2001-07 125 450 80 245 205 2 2007-08 205 695 80 165 285 3 2008-09 285 860 95 145 380
As can be perused in the above table, there had been physical coverage of 80 hectares of un-irrigated land under irrigation during the period 2001- 07. Similarly, during the year 2007-08, 80 hectares more were brought under irrigation, like-wise 95 hectares during 2008-09 stood covered under irrigation. Thus, the total additional un-irrigated land of 255 hectares was brought under irrigation during the period 2001-09 resulting change in cropping pattern during Kharief and Rabi season towards irrigated crops. Moreover, the size of actual irrigated area of 125 hectares in 12 sample villages stands enhanced by 255 hectares aggregating thereby total area of 380 hectares to have been brought under irrigation till closure of CAD project.
VII) Year-wise break-up of works (Field Channels) executed in 12 sample villages:
The year-wise no. of works (field channels) executed during the period 2001-09 is given in the following table:-
Table No. 2.04 The year-wise breakup of works (Field Channels) (`Rs .in lakhs)
S.No Year No. of works Est. cost Exp. Total No. of beneficiaries 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2001-07 142 66.67 60.85 433 2 2007-08 34 24.95 22.55 188 3 2008-09 30 19.82 17.71 197 Total 206 111.44 101.11 818
The perusal of above table reveals that during the first 6 years of the project 142 field channels at an estimated cost of Rs 66.67 lakhs, had been constructed/completed by utilizing an amount of Rs.60.85 lakhs extending thereby controlled flow of irrigation water in a judicious/efficient manner to 433 farmers. Besides, 34 field channels at an estimated cost of Rs`.24.95 lakhs were constructed with utilization of Rs.22.50 lakhs, benefitting thereby 188 farmers during 2007-08. Like-wise during the year 2008-09, 30 field channels stood constructed by utilizing an amount of Rs. 17.71 lacs covering land holding of 197 farmers. It is thus observed that 206 field channels were taken up at an estimated cost of Rs`.111.44 lakhs and stood constructed with utilization of funds amounting to Rs`.101.11 lakhs covering thereby land holdings of 818 farmers under controlled flow of irrigation in 12 sample villages.
The total number of works (Field channels) constructed during the period 2001-09 in each sample village of CAD project “Martand” is given in the following table:-
Table No. 2.05
Total No. of Flied Channels constructed in 12 sample villages during the period 2001-09 (`Rs . in lakhs)
2001-09 S.No Name of sample village Total No. of Estimated Exp. Total No. of Physical works (FC) cost beneficiaries status 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Jammo 25 12.72 11.15 96 Completed 2 Tulhar 17 8.70 7.98 59 -do- 3 Hassan Noor 18 9.01 8.33 70 -do- 4 Manigam 6 3.47 3.14 25 -do- 5 Seer Hamdan 7 3.64 3.30 18 -do- 6 Hutmurrah 7 5.04 4.39 30 -do- 7 Brah 22 12.00 10.86 101 -do- 8 Haptnar 11 4.99 4.44 28 -do- 9 Brakpora 15 5.95 5.33 63 -do- 10 Gopalpora Khurd 29 20.26 18.56 199 -do- 11 Gopalpora kalan 40 21.76 20.03 110 -do- 12 Khayar 9 3.90 3.60 19 -do- Total 206 111.44 101.11 818
During the project period 2001-09, against the estimated cost of Rs 111.44 lakhs for construction of 206 field channels, an amount of Rs 101.11 lakhs was utilized in 12 sample villages. All the field channels were claimed by the Department to have been physically completed and commissioned. The beneficiaries whose lands were benefitted in terms of facilitating irrigation and brining more lands under irrigation were 818. The maximum beneficiaries belonged to villages Gopalpora Khurd, Gopalpora Kalan, Jammo and Brah.
Chapter – III
Field Findings
i. The Evaluation study on CAD project “Martand Canal” was conducted on sample basis with the objectives to assess its performance (both physical & financial) and also to ascertain the actual status on ground together with impact and effectiveness in achieving the set goals. ii. The CAD Project “Martand Canal” having a total cultivable command area of 4337 hectares of land covering thereby 62 villages of District Anantnag was implemented in 2001-02, and completed by the end of 31.03.2009. iii. Out of total 62 villages covered under CAD Project, a sample of 12 (20%) villages was drawn at random and field enquiry with reference year 2007-08 and 2008-09 was undertaken as per approved sampling design. Accordingly, in each selected village 10% summing upto 50(13%) sample beneficiaries from 12 sample villages were interviewed during course of field enquiry about the various aspects of the programme together with the benefits accrued to them in terms of additional land brought under irrigation, increase in production and productivity and overall satisfaction level. Further, 30% sample works from each sample village were selected randomly aggregating total sample works to 21(33%) out of 64, with a view to ascertain the feasibility, quality, functionality and maintenance of sample works. Moreover, Water User Associations(WUA), wherever formed in sample villages, 2 members from each WUA (14 members) were also interviewed to know their views over implementation of the programme. The field enquiry was conducted through the staff of District Statistics & Evaluation Officer (DSEO), Anantnag under the supervision of DSEO & senior officers of Dte . of Economics & Statistics/Regional Joint Director, Kashmir. iv. The sample thus drawn comprises of beneficiary farmers who got benefitted from the works executed in sample villages during the reference year 2007-08 and 2008-09. The detail of such farmers and works is given in the following table 3.00 and 3.01 respectively:-
Table No. 3.00 Selection of sample beneficiary farmers. S.No Name of sample village Total No. of benef.Farmers Total No. of sample beneficiaries
1 2 3 4 1 Jammo 34 4 2 Tulhar 6 2 3 Hassan Noor 9 2 4 Manzgam 8 2 5 Seer Hamdan 6 2 6 Hutmurrah 21 3 7 Brah 34 4 8 Haptnar 5 2 9 Brakpora 32 4 10 Gopalpora Khurd 162 17 11 Gopalpora kalan 68 8 12 Khayar - - Grand total 385 50 v) The above table reveals that 385 beneficiary farmers in 12 sample villages were reportedly benefitted under CAD project Martand Canal during the reference year 2007-08 and 2008-09. A sample of 50 beneficiary farmers was drawn randomly representing each sample village. They were interviewed during the course of field enquiry with respect to the benefits accrued to them on account of activities carried out by the CAD authorities during the reference year 2007-08 and 2008-09. The maximum No. of sample beneficiaries were selected from sample village Gopalpora Khurad followed by 8 from Gopalpora Kalan, 4 each from sample village Jammo, Brah and Brakpora, 3 from Hutmurrah, 2 each from Tulhar, Hassan Noor, Manzigam, Seer Hamdan and Haptnar. However, in sample village Khyar no activity was claimed to have been executed during the reference year 2007- 08 and 2008-09. Table No. 3.01 Selection of sample works. ( Rs in lakhs)
S.No Name of sample village Total No. of works Est. cost Expdtt. Total No. of (Field channels) sample works (30%) 1 2 3 4 5 7 1 Jammo 7 4.56 4.10 2 2 Tulhar 1 1.20 1.08 1 3 Hassan Noor 2 0.81 0.73 1 4 Manzgam 1 1.22 1.09 1 5 Seer Hamdan 3 1.74 1.62 1 6 Hutmurrah 4 3.64 3.24 1 7 Brah 5 4.35 4.01 2 8 Haptnar 4 1.73 1.56 1 9 Brakpora 6 2.00 1.68 2 10 Gopalpora Khurd 13 12.11 10.91 4 11 Gopalpora kalan 18 11.41 10.24 5 12 Khayar - - - - Grand total 64 44.77 40.26 21
vi)The above table reveals that 64 works (Field Channels) taken up at an estimated cost of `.44.77 lakhs during the reference year 2007-08 & 2008-09 in 12 sample villages had been completed within the amount Rs.40.26 lakhs. A sample of 30% aggregating to 21 works (field channels) representing each sample village was drawn at random for physical verification. The highest sample emerged from sample village Gopalpora Kalan while as village Khyar remained at the bottom where no work had been executed during the reference period.
Field Channel in village Seer Hamdan, location Gurdar falling under Martand Canal CAD Project
Field Channel in village Gopalpora, location Cherwat , falling under Martand Canal CAD Project
vii) Besides above, Water User Associations(WUA) had reportedly been formed in 7 sample villages viz. Jammo, Hassan Noor, Manzigam, Seer Hamdan, Haptnar, Gopalpora Khurd and Gopalpora Kalan. Accordingly, 2 members from each WUA aggregated to 14 were selected / interviewed with a view to know their role and views over implementation of CAD activities of the project. viii) Classification of sample beneficiary farmers/ size of land holdings in their possession in twelve sample villages is depicted in the following table:-
Table No. 3.02
Size of land holdings Total land Holdings ( in Kanals ) ( in Kanals ) S. Name of sample Total no. of sample Total village beneficiaries 15 5-10 10 & above Irrigated Un-irrigated No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Jammo 4 - 1 3 25 28 53 2 Tulhar 2 - - 2 40 30 70 3 Hassan nor 2 - - 2 100 140 240 4 Manzigam 2 - - 2 24 51 75 5 Seer Hamdan 2 - 2 - 12 0 12
6 Hutmurrah 3 1 - 2 25 33 58
7 Brah 4 - 1 3 54 50 104
8 Haptnar 2 - 1 1 13 20 33
9 Brakpora 4 - - 4 106 62 168
10 Gopalpora khurad 17 - - 17 259 359 618
11 Gopalpora kalan 8 1 - 7 104 106 210
12 khayar ------
Total 50 2 5 43 762 879 1641
Classification of sample beneficiary farmers/size of land holdings in their possession in twelve sample villages.
From the 50 sample beneficiaries 43 which forms 86% of the total were having a land holding of 10 kanals and above. Among the remaining 7 farmers, 5 fall in the category of (5-10) kanals and 2 in the lowest category of (1-5) kanals. The total quantum of land possessed by the 50 sample beneficiaries was 1641 kanals of which 762 kanals was of irrigated nature and 879 kanals of unirrigated character. The irrigated land was 46% of the total land holding of the sample beneficiaries.
Land holdings (kanals) with its status in possession of sample beneficiary farmers of sample villages. The sample beneficiary farmers of 12 sample villages who were benefitted under CAD project by way of constructing field channels during the reference year 2007-08 and 2008-09, had been interviewed during the course of field enquiry with respect to land holdings in their possession and the quantum of land holdings which got treatment after coverage under CAD project. The assessment in each sample village is depicted in the following table:-
Table No. 3.03 Status of land holdings in 12 sample villages. (Land holdings in kanals)
S.No Name of sample Total No. of Total quantum of land village sample holdings in possession of Total Land holdings covered/ beneficiary sample beneficiaries treated under CAD Project farmers Irrigated Unirrigated Total Irrigated Unirrigated Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Jammo 4 25 28 53 25 6 31 2 Tulhar 2 40 30 70 40 2 42 3 Hassan Noor 2 100 140 240 28 14 42 4 Manzgam 2 24 51 75 14 9 23 5 Seer Hamdan 2 12 0 12 9 0 9 6 Hutmurrah 3 25 33 58 18 6 24 7 Brah 4 54 50 104 34 2 36 8 Haptnar 2 13 20 33 13 9 22 9 Brakpora 4 106 62 168 86 8 94 10 Gopalpora Khurd 17 259 359 618 200 85 285 11 Gopalpora kalan 8 104 106 210 104 32 136 12 Khayar ------Total 50 762 879 1641 571 173 744
The field data placed in above table shows consolidated position of land holdings possessed by 50 sample beneficiary farmers falling in 11 sample villages. The treatment to landholdings of sample beneficiary farmers as analyzed reveals as under:-
a) Coverage of irrigated landholdings of 182 kanals 100% in 4 sample villages viz. i. Jammo, ii. Tulhar, iii. Hapatnar and iv. Gopalpora kalan.
b) The %age of treatment is ranging between 72% to 81% in 4 sample villages namely i. Hutmurrah, ii. Seer Hamdan, iii. Gopalpora khurd and iv. Brakpora. The total irrigated area treated in these villages aggregated to 313 kanals. c) Treatment to 34 kanals (63%) of irrigated land in sample village Brah followed by 14 kanals (58%) in village Manzigam and 28 kanals (28%) of irrigated land in sample village Hassan Noor.
d) 173 kanals (20%) of un-irrigated land spread over in all sample villages except one namely Seer Hamdan had been brought under irrigation by way of constructing field channels, benefitting thereby 32 sample beneficiary farmers.
e) The area of 173 kanals of un-irrigated land was brought under irrigation as a result of potential utilization by CAD, thus increasing the area under irrigation from 762 kanals to 935 kanals in respect of sample beneficiaries registering an increase of 23%.
f) Out of 50 sample beneficiary farmers, 3 (6%) of village i.Manzigam, ii. Hapatnar and iii. Gopalpora Kalan were having no irrigated land before construction of field channels. As a result of construction of field channels and maximization of irrigation potential they have also been able to put their lands under irrigation.
The details of additional land of sample beneficiary farmers brought under irrigation is given in the following table:- Table No. 3.04
Details of additional Land brought under irrigation
(Area in Kanals)
Total land Holdings No. of sample beneficiaries Of which addl whose addl land was treated S Name of sample Total no. of sample Total .unirrigated land .No. village beneficiary farmers Irrigated Un-irrigated area treated treated. 1 2 3 7 8 9 10 11 1 Jammu 4 25 28 31 6 4 2 Tulhar 2 40 30 42 2 1 3 Hassan nor 2 100 140 42 14 2 4 Manzigam 2 24 51 23 9 2 5 Seer Hamdan 2 12 0 9 0 - 6 Hutmurrah 3 25 33 24 6 2 7 Brah 4 54 50 36 2 1 8 Haptnar 2 13 20 22 9 2 9 Brakpora 4 106 62 94 8 2 10 Gopalpora khurad 17 259 359 285 85 10 11 Gopalpora kalan 8 104 106 136 32 6 12 khayar ------Total 50 762 879 744 173 32
The above table reveals that out of 879 kanals of un-irrigated land, 173 kanals were brought under irrigation benefiting thereby 32 sample beneficiaries. The size of un-irrigated land i.e 879 kanals was reduced to 706 kanals i.e 20% reduction of un-irrigated land and the size of irrigated land i.e 762 kanals had been raised to 935 kanals .It is thus observed that the size of irrigated land had been raised by 23% due to CAD works. The sample beneficiaries whose additional land was brought under irrigation were 10 from Gopal Pora Khurd, 6 from Gopal Pora Kalan, 4 from Jammo, 2 each from Hassan Noor, Manzigam, Hutmura, Hapatnar, Brackpora and one from Tulhar.
The cropping pattern of additional land brought under irrigation by way of constructing field channels is depicted in the following table:- Table: 3.05 Cropping pattern of additional Land brought under irrigation(Area in Kanals)
Total No. of Area in kanals
Sample Sample beneficiary
beneficiary farmers whose additional Paddy/ oilseed Horticulture Total S.No. Name of sample village farmers land was brought under irrigation
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Jammu 4 4 6 - 6
2 Tulhar 2 1 2 - 2
3 Hassan nor 2 2 14 - 14
4 Manzigam 2 2 9 - 9
5 Seer Hamdan 2 - - - -
6 Hutmurrah 3 2 6 - 6
7 Brah 4 1 2 - 2
8 Haptnar 2 2 9 - 9
9 Brakpora 4 2 4 4 8
10 Gopalpora khurad 17 10 18 67 85 11 Gopalpora kalan 8 6 22 10 32 12 Khayar - - - -
Total 50 32 92 81 173
The above table revealed the cropping pattern of 173 kanals of un-irrigated land which were brought under irrigation. Out of 173 kanals 92 kanals were reportedly under paddy during khariff season and under oilseeds during the rabi season. The rest 81 kanals were under horticulture (apple orchards). It is thus observed that implementation of CAD activities resulted in a favourable shift towards double cropping.
The position of landholdings (irrigated/un-irrigated) before/after coverage under CAD Project in possession of sample beneficiary farmers in 12 sample villages stands consolidated and placed in the following table:-
Table No. 3.06 Status of Landholdings before/after coverage under CAD Project
Land holdings in possessionof sample beneficiaries. (Land holdings in kanals)
S.No Total No. of Before coverage After coverage under Total Land %age of area sample under CAD Project. CAD Project. covered/treated covered/ beneficiary under CAD treated farmers. project under CAD Irrigated Unirrigated Total Irrigated Unirrigated Total Project 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 i 2 5 2 7 5 2 7 5 100 ii 5 23 12 35 29 6 35 26 90 iii 43 734 865 1599 901 698 1599 713 79 50 762 879 1641 935 706 1641 744 80
It is evident from the above table that the size of irrigated land viz. 762 Kanals stands raised to 935 Kanals and un-irrigated land of 879 kanals had been reduced to 706 kanals after implementation of CAD project. It is thus noticed that there had been 23% increase in irrigated land and 20% reduction in un-irrigated land.
The details of land holdings under different major crops covered under CAD Project “Martand Canal” revealed by sample beneficiaries during the course of field enquiry is summed-up in the following table:-
Table No. 3.07
Production & productivity of land holdings of sample beneficiary farmers before and after treatment under CAD Project.
S.No Unit Area under Crops Production in qtls Average yeild/kanal Crop/Season Before After Before After Before After 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Rabi crops 2 i. Wheat Kanals ------3 ii. Oil seeds -do- 373 464 190 265 0.51 0.57 4 iii. Vegetables -do- 9 10 67 86 7.44 8.6 5 iv. Pulses -do------Total 382 474 6 Kharif crops 7 i. Paddy Kanals 373 464 901 1149 2.42 2.48 8 ii. Maize -do------9 iii. Pulses -do------10 iv. Vegetables -do- 9 10 32 70 3.55 7.00 11 v. Horticulture crop (boxes) -do- 189 270 28500 32150 117 126 Total 571 744
The perusal of above table reveals that 382 kanals of irrigated land holdings with a breakup of 373 & 9 kanals were under oilseeds and vegetables respectively which after coverage under CAD Project during 2007- 08 and 2008-09 stood raised by 25% upto 474 kanals with details as 464 and 10 kanals under oilseeds and vegetables respectively during Rabi season. Likewise during Kharif season, 373 kanals, 9 kanals and 189 kanals respectively under paddy, vegetables & horticulture (apple orchards) aggregating to 571 kanals witnessed enhancement in the size of irrigated land by 173 (23%) kanals. The total area of 744 kanals stood treated under CAD project Martand Canal by way of efficient management of irrigation water through field channels.
Similarly, during Rabi season, production under oil seeds also observed to have been increased by 39% i.e. from 190 qtls. to 265 qtls. During Kharif season production of paddy crop also shows upward trend by 28% i. e. from 901 qtls. to 1149 qtls. Production of horticulture crop also stood raised by 13% i.e. 28500 to 32150 boxes.
It is, thus, observed that implementation of CAD activities led to outcome of increase in size of irrigated land and production / productivity. The increase in the area under irrigation is exclusively the achievement obtained under the CAD activities. However, for the increase in the production and productivity of crops, the efforts of other line departments of Agriculture, Horticulture, Irrigation etc. also matters to a great extent. But the CAD activities which brought more land under irrigation and also facilitated better irrigational flow have definitely had their favourable effect on the positive outcomes.
Impact of CAD activities on socio-economic status of sample beneficiary farmers. The sample beneficiary farmers, who were interviewed during the course of field enquiry with the objective to know their views regarding impact of CAD activities on socio-economic status and their response in this behalf is given in the following table:-
Table No.3.08 Impact of CAD activities on socio-economic status of sample Beneficiary farmers.
No. reporting due to CAD activities Income level Additional land brought Cropping pattern Production S Total No. of increased under irrigation changed increased No. Name of sample village sample beneficiaries Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 Jammo 4 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 -
2 Tulhar 2 2 - 1 1 1 1 2 -
3 Hassan nor 2 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 -
4 Manzigam 2 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 -
5 Seer Hamdan 2 2 - - 2 - 2 2 -
6 Hutmurrah 3 3 - 2 1 2 1 3 -
7 Brah 4 4 - 1 3 1 3 4 -
8 Haptnar 2 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 -
9 Brakpora 4 4 - 2 2 1 3 4 -
10 Gopalpora khurad 17 17 - 10 7 9 8 17 -
11 Gopalpora kalan 8 8 - 6 2 5 3 8 -
12 khayar ------
Total 50 50 - 32 18 29 21 50 -
It can be seen in above table that all sample beneficiary farmers were of the view that their income level increased due to implementation of CAD activities. It was reported by 32 sample beneficiary farmers(64%) that their additional un- irrigated land was brought under irrigation due to execution of CAD works while as rest 18 (36%) sample beneficiary farmers claimed that no additional land of them was brought under irrigation. As regards change in cropping pattern 29 (58%) sample beneficiary farmers reported that due to CAD works cropping pattern of additional un-irrigated land brought under irrigation was changed towards irrigated crops viz. paddy /oilseeds ,while as 21 (42%) reported that no change in cropping pattern took place after implementation of CAD project, among whom 3 (14%) sample beneficiary farmers reported that their additional un-irrigated land was covered under irrigation facility but cropping pattern remained unchanged. It was revealed by all sample beneficiary farmers that efficient management of irrigation water to their individuals land holdings on scientific lines was ensured resulting increase in production/ income level, finally led to outcome of improvement in socio-economic status.
The sample beneficiary farmers who were interviewed during the course of field enquiry, with respect to improvement in social status and their response in this behalf is given in the following table:-
Table No. 3.08 A Impact of CAD activities on socio-economic status of sample Beneficiary farmers.
Total No. of sample No. reporting No. reporting improvement in S beneficiary betterment in-social Education of Health condition Residential Sanitation No. Name of sample farmers. status children of family system system village
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Jammo 4 4 - - 4 -
2 Tulhar 2 1 - - 1 -
3 Hassan nor 2 2 - - 2 -
4 Manzigam 2 2 - - 2 -
5 Seer Hamdan 2 - - - - -
6 Hutmurrah 3 2 - - 2 -
7 Brah 4 1 - - 1 -
8 Haptnar 2 2 - - 2 -
9 Brakpora 4 2 - - 2 -
10 Gopalpora khurad 17 10 - - 10 -
11 Gopalpora kalan 8 6 - - 6 -
12 khayar ------
Total 50 32 - - 32 -
The above table reveals that 32 (64%) sample beneficiary farmers reported that implementation of CAD activities resulted betterment in their social status in terms of residential set up. while as 18 (36%) claimed that no improvement / betterment occurred in their social status after implementation of CAD activities. It needs special mention here that the normal improvement in production/productivity levels in Agriculture is very unlikely to change the socio-economic standard of people to the visible extent. The net returns in Agriculture happen to be very small. The input- output surveys conducted in respect of some major crops by the Financial Commissioners Office have amply brought forth this fact. In such a situation, the increase in agricultural production having brought improvement in the residential status of the beneficiaries alone is well on expected lines. The beneficiaries have understandably denied to have attained any improvement in the educational, health and sanitational aspects of their life.
The enquiry also revealed that 18 beneficiaries(36%) have indicated no improvement in their social status as a result of the implementation of the CAD Programme. This portion of beneficiaries had evidently managed no favourable change in their pattern of cultivation. As could be seen from table 3.08 that the additional land brought under irrigation belonged to only 32 sample beneficiaries and the remaining 18 farmers could not increase the irrigated land which would have given boost to their farm production in a big way. The cropping pattern in their favour remained unchanged and consequently no abnormal increase in their production occurred. However, all the beneficiaries had stated that there was increase in production. But in favour of some it was normal which could not make any impact on their socio-economic status.
Satisfaction level of sample beneficiary farmers:
The satisfaction level of sample beneficiary farmers as assessed in the field in respect of flow of irrigation water, its judicious distribution and minimization of wastage/leakage of irrigation water is given in the following table:- Table No. 3.09 Satisfaction level of sample beneficiary farmers regarding irrigation water.
S.No. Name of sample village Total No. of sample No. reporting beneficiary Increase in irrigation Judicious distribution of Leakage/ wastage of water farmers. facility. irrigation water minimized
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Jammo 4 4 4 4
2 Tulhar 2 2 2 2
3 Hassan nor 2 2 2 2
4 Manzigam 2 2 2 2
5 Seer Hamdan 2 2 2 2
6 Hutmurrah 3 3 3 3
7 Brah 4 4 4 4
8 Haptnar 2 2 2 2
9 Brakpora 4 4 4 4
10 Gopalpora khurad 17 17 17 17
11 Gopalpora kalan 8 8 8 8
12 khayar - - - -
Total 50 50 50 50
The above table reveals that all 50 (100%) sample beneficiary farmers of 12 sample villages reported their satisfaction over the increase in flow of irrigation water, judicious distribution of irrigation water and minimization of wastage/leakage of irrigation water. It was also agreed by all sample beneficiary farmers that smooth / controlled flow of irrigation water with increased capacity and in an equitable manner was ensured due to implementation of CAD activities. In fact the CAD activities are mainly focused on the maximum utilization of created irrigation potential in a given command area. The basic parameters for gauging the successfulness of the programme are the maximum utilization of created irrigation potential resulting in bringing more un-irrigated land under production, increasing the flow, facilitating better irrigation and judicious utilization of irrigation water even to the remote tail ends. In the perspective of enquired beneficiaries all these parameters have undergone a positive change to their best satisfaction.
Table No. 3.10 Satisfaction level of sample beneficiary farmers regarding execution of works.
No. reporting Satisfied over S Name of Total No. of Water user Maintenance of .No. sample village sample associations assets by Water Maintenance Quality of Components Site of user associations beneficiary formed. of assets works executed works farmers. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Jammo 4 4 - - 4 4 4
2 Tulhar 2 - - - 2 2 2
3 Hassan nor 2 2 - - 2 2 2
4 Manzigam 2 2 - - 2 2 2
5 Seer Hamdan 2 2 - - 2 2 2
6 Hutmurrah 3 - - - 3 3 3
7 Brah 4 - - - 4 4 4
8 Haptnar 2 2 - - 2 2 2
9 Brakpora 4 - - - 4 4 4
10 Gopalpora 17 17 - - 17 17 17 khurad
11 Gopalpora 8 8 - - 8 8 8 kalan
12 khayar ------
Total 50 37 - - 50 50 50
It is clear from the above table that Water User Associations(WUA) were formed in seven sample villages as revealed by 37 (74%) sample beneficiary farmers of sample village Jammo, Hassan Noor, Manzigam, Seer Hamdan, Hapatnar, Gopalpora khurd and Gopal pora kalan. The rest 13 sample beneficiary farmers of sample village Tulhar, Hutmurrah, Brah and Brakpora reported that no such WUA were formed in their villages.
As regards maintenance of assets created by CAD authorities it was reported by 37 (74%) sample beneficiary farmers of 7 sample villages that though Water User Associations were formed in these villages but none of them was associated with their primary job of maintaining the assets. Moreover all 50 (100%) sample beneficiary farmers reported their dissatisfaction over maintenance of assets. It was further desired by all 50 (100%) sample beneficiary farmers that the assets/ infrastructure created by CAD authorities need to be looked after by establishing proper mechanisms which nowhere existed in the field.
All 50(100%) beneficiary farmers reported their satisfaction over the quality of works, components executed and appropriation of the site of works.
Imparting of Training/ Adaptive trials/demonstrations:
The objective of this component is dissemination of technical knowhow among the farming community through adaptive trials/demonstrations for increasing productivity, introduction of suitable crops and crop varieties, proper dose and methods of fertilizer application, irrigation practices and scientific water management etc. In this behalf the responses of sample beneficiaries on the points of enquiry are tabulated hereunder:-
Table No. 3.11 Views of sample beneficiary farmers
S.No. Name of sample Total No. of No. reporting village sample beneficiary Training In which field Any farmers. imparted demonstrati Crop use of Frequency Fertilizer under CAD on/ adaptive production irrigation distribution application trial made water 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Jammo 4 4 - 4 - - - 2 Tulhar 2 2 - 2 - - - 3 Hassan nor 2 2 - 2 - - - 4 Manzigam 2 2 - 2 - - - 5 Seer Hamdan 2 2 - 2 - - - 6 Hutmurrah 3 3 - 3 - - - 7 Brah 4 4 - 4 - - - 8 Haptnar 2 2 - 2 - - - 9 Brakpora 4 4 - 4 - - - 10 Gopalpora 17 17 - 17 - - - khurad 11 Gopalpora 8 8 - 8 - - - kalan 12 khayar ------Total 50 50 - 50 - - -
As can be seen from the above table that all 50 (100%) sample beneficiary farmers reported that necessary training was imparted regarding use of irrigation water by the field functionaries of CAD Department. However rest of the components viz. Crop production, frequency distribution, fertilizer application and laying of demonstrations/ adaptive trials which were also to be taken care of, had been ignored as reported by all 50 (100%) sample beneficiary farmers. The CAD authorities seem to have confined their activities to the management of irrigation water alone. The other activities regarding crops, fertilizers etc. spelt-out in the guidelines were not taken care of. The CAD authorities must either implement the Programme in totality in a balanced manner or should strive for modifying the programme and restrict it to the management of irrigation alone.
Formation of water user association:
Water User Associations(WUAs) were formed in 7 sample villages while as in rest 5 sample villages no such associations was claimed to have been formed. 2 water user association members from each Association falling in 7 sample villages were interviewed during the course of field enquiry. The education/occupational status of 14 sample members is given in the following table:-
Table No. 3.12 Education/occupation status of water user Association members.
No. of water user Qualification (in Nos) Occupation S. Name of sample associations farmed No village Yes/No Total No. of Illiterate Middle 10+2 Graduate & Farmer Govt. Others members above Emp. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 Jammo yes 8 3 4 1 - 7 - 1 2 Tulhar No ------
3 Hassan nor yes 17 13 3 1 - 14 - 3
4 Manzigam yes 17 14 2 1 - 14 - 3 5 Seer Hamdan yes 20 15 2 2 1 17 1 2 6 Hutmurrah No ------7 Brah No ------
8 Haptnar yes 17 14 3 - - 17 - -
9 Brakpora No ------
10 Gopalpora khurad yes 9 5 3 1 - 6 1 2
11 Gopalpora kalan yes 9 5 3 1 - 6 1 2
12 khayar No ------
Total - 97 69 20 7 1 81 3 13
It is revealed in the above table that Water User Associations were formed in seven villages, having total strength of 97 members. Out of 97 members, 69 (71%) were illiterate, 20 (20.62%) were having middle status, 7 (7.22%) as 10+2 and 1 (1.03%) graduate. While as in 5 sample villages namely Tulhar, Hutmurrah, Brah, Brakpora and Khayar, no Water User Association had been formed in contravention to the programme guidelines.
Role of water user association:
As per the guidelines Water User Association members are to be consulted in plan formulation, selection of sites and for supervision of works under execution. During the course of field enquiry Water User Association members were interviewed in the field and their response on the points of enquiry is depicted in the following table:-
Table No. 3.13 Role of water user association
No. of water user association members expressing role of WUA Year of formation of Whether consulted by CAD Whether consulted for Whether supervising over S. Name of sample water user authorities for plan selection of site the execution of works No. village association formulation Yes No Yes No Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Jammo 2007-08 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 Tulhar ------3 Hassan nor 2007-08 2 - 2 - 2 - 4 Manzigam 2007-08 2 - 2 - 2 - 5 Seer Hamdan 2007-08 2 - 2 - 2 - 6 Hutmurrah ------7 Brah ------8 Haptnar 2007-08 2 - 2 - 2 - 9 Brakpora ------10 Gopalpora khurad 2007-08 2 - 2 - 2 -
11 Gopalpora kalan 2007-08 2 - 2 - 2 - 12 khayar ------Total 14 - 14 - 14 -
The enquiry revealed that the Water User Associations were formed in seven sample villages during the year 2007-08. Two Water User Association members from each Association aggregating to 14 were contacted and it was revealed by all the 14 members that they were consulted in respect of plan preparation, selection of sites. They also admitted to had supervised over the execution of Works Programme. The practical role entrusted to the WUAs as envisaged in the modalities of the programme also underline the need for formation of such Associations in other left-out villages also.
The response of sample Water User Association members with respect to collection of beneficiary share, handing over of assets created under CAD & WM programme to Water User Associations, role in water release schedule and distribution of irrigation water is given in the following table:-
Table No.3.14 Role of water user association
No. of water user association members expressing role of WUA Year of S. Name of sample formation of Has the beneficiary Whether asset Has WUA any role in Has WUA any role No. village water user share been collected created under CAD water release in distribution of association handed over to WUA schedule irrigation water. Yes NO Yes NO Yes NO Yes NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 Jammo 2007-08 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 Tulhar ------3 Hassan nor 2007-08 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 4 Manzigam 2007-08 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 5 Seer Hamdan 2007-08 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 6 Hutmurrah ------7 Brah ------8 Haptnar 2007-08 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 9 Brakpora ------Gopalpora 10 khurad 2007-08 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 -
11 Gopalpora kalan 2007-08 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 12 khayar ------
Total 14 - 14 - 14 - 14 -
It was revealed by all 14 sample Water User Association members that the beneficiary share had been collected and the assets created were handed over to Water User Associations. It was also reported by all the 14 sample water user association members that they play a vital role in water release schedule prepared by field functionaries of CAD and irrigation Deptt. for smooth distribution in an equitable / efficient manner to individual land holdings during peak irrigation season.
Views of selected Water User Association members:
Sample Water User Association members were also asked to express their views over increase in irrigation facility, bringing of additional land under irrigation, minimization of leakage/ wastage of irrigation water and judicious use of irrigation water. The views in this behalf are summed up in the following table:-
Table No. 3.15 Views of selected water user association members
No. of members of water user association
S. Has irrigation facility Has more land been Has wastage water seen Has distribution done No. Name of sample village increased brought under irrigation minimized judiciously Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Jammo 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 Tulhar ------3 Hassan nor 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 -
4 Manzigam 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 5 Seer Hamdan 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 6 Hutmurrah ------7 Brah ------8 Haptnar 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 9 Brakpora ------Gopalpora 10 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - khurad 11 Gopalpora kalan 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 12 khayar ------Total 14 - 14 - 14 - 14 -
It can be seen from the above table that all the 14 sample Water User Association members had reported that irrigation facility stood increased, more land was brought under irrigation, leakage / wastage of water was minimized and judicious use of irrigation water was also ensured.
It was also necessary to know the views of sample water user association members regarding increase in production / productivity, change in cropping pattern towards irrigated crops, laying of demonstrations and improvement in social status of beneficiary farmers. The response to this effect is depicted in the following table:-
Table No. 3.16 Views of selected Water User Association members
Has production Has cropping pattern Has farmers social Has any S. Name of sample village /productivity increased changed towards irrigated status increased demonstration held No. crops Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 Jammo 2 - 2 - 2 - - 2 2 Tulhar ------3 Hassan nor 2 - 2 - 2 - - 2 4 Manzigam 2 - 2 - 2 - - 2 5 Seer Hamdan 2 - 2 - 2 - - 2
6 Hutmurrah ------
7 Brah ------
8 Haptnar 2 - 2 - 2 - - 2
9 Brakpora ------
10 Gopalpora khurad 2 - 2 - 2 - - 2
11 Gopalpora kalan 2 - 2 - 2 - - 2
12 khayar ------
Total 14 - 14 - 14 - - 1 4
The enquiry revealed that all the 14 sample Water User Association members had reported production/productivity, change in cropping pattern and resulted improvement in social status of beneficiary farmers. However it was reported that no demonstration was held during the reference period by the field functionaries of CAD Department or by other line Departments in a co-ordinated manner. Whatever efforts were made in this behalf were isolated and consequently had very little effect/impact on the ultimate objectives.
All the 14 sample Water User Association members expressed their satisfaction over the implementation of CAD activities due to which smooth/timely supply of irrigation water to their individual land holdings with increased capacity was ensured. Moreover, satisfaction over increase in production/ productivity was also expressed by the enquired sample Water User Association members.
Physical verification of sample works: Out of 64 works executed during the reference period 2007-08 and 2008-09 in 12 sample villages, a sample of 21 (33%) works was drawn randomly. The works were put to physical verification by the Evaluation Teams. The status as assessed on ground is depicted in the following table:-
Table No.3.17
Physical status of Sample works as on date of physical verification.
S.No Name of Sample N o . o f Name of work Features of sample works wo rks village W het her Length o f B readth Height of Deviation, Qualit y C o mpl./ exist ing wo rk o f wo rk mat er ial f unct io n work if any o n g ro und Goo d al ( Y es/ N o ) (Yes/No) / A vg/ p oo r 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 1 Jammo i) Const. of FC 100 mts+E/W 200 mts Yes 100 mts 18 Inch 18 inch No Average Com/Func ii) Const. of FC 50 mts+E/W 200 mts Yes 50 mts 18 Inch 18 inch No Average Com/Func 2 Tulhar 1 i) Const. of FC 80mts+E/W 300 mts Yes 80 mts 3 feet 18 inch No Average Com/Func 3 Hassan Noor 1 i) Const. of FC 50 mts+E/W 200 mts Yes 50 mts 16 inch 16 inch No Average Com/Func 4 Manzigam 1 i) Const. of FC 150 mts+E/W 200 mts Yes 150 mts 18 Inch 18 inch No Average Com/Func 5 Seer Hamdan 1 i) Const. of FC 120 mts Yes 120 mts 16 inch 16 inch No Average Com/Func 6 Hutmurrah 1 i) Const. of FC 150 mts+E/W 200 mts Yes 150 mts 18 Inch 18 inch No Average Com/Func
2 Com/Func 7 Brah i) Const. of FC 136 mts Yes 136 mts 16 inch 16 inch No Average ii) Const. of FC 68.70 mts+E/W 400 mts Yes 68.70 mts 16 inch 16 inch No Average Com/Func 8 1 i) Const. of FC 70 mts+ E/W 200 mts Yes 70 mts 12 inch 12 inch No Average Com/parti Haptnar ally functional
2 Com/Func 9 Brakpora i) Const. of FC 60 mts Yes 60 mts 22 inch 16 inch No Average ii) Const. of FC 60 mts+E/W 200 mts Yes 60 mts 16 inch 16 inch No Average Com/Func Gopalpora i) Const. of FC 114 mts+E/W 200 mts Yes 114 mts 16 inch 16 inch No Average Com/Func 10 ii) Const. of FC 135 mts+E/W 400 mts Yes 135 mts 16 inch 16 inch No Average Com/Func Khurd 4 iii) Const. of FC 80 mts+E/W 300 mts Yes 80 mts 16 inch 16 inch No Average Com/Func iv) Const. of FC 100 mts+E/W 200 mts Yes 100 mts 22 inch 22 inch No Average Com/Func Gopalpora i)Const. of FC 30 mts Yes 30 mts 16 inch 16 inch No Average Com/Func ii) Const. of FC 100 mts+E/W 200 mts Yes 100 mts 16 inch 16 inch No Average Com/Func kallan 5 11 iii) Const. of FC 60 mts+E/W 150 mts Yes 60 mts 16 inch 16 inch No Average Com/Func iv) Const. of FC 50 mts+E/W 200 mts Yes 50 mts 16 inch 16 inch No Average Com/Func v) Const. of FC 100 mts. Yes 100 mts 18 Inch 18 inch No Average Com/Func 12 Khayar ------
The details with respect to features of sample works (Field channels) viz. length, breadth, height, quality material used and their functional status as depicted in above table reveals as under:-
a) 5 sample works in sample village Gopalpora Kallan, 4 in sample village Gopalpura Khurd, 2 each in 3 sample villages viz. Jammo, Brah, Brakpora and one each in rest 6 sample villages viz. Tulhar, Hassan Noor, Manzigam, Seer Hamdan, Hutmurrah and Hapatnar, were physically verified and Evaluation Teams certified their existence. However, no work was carried out in village Khayar during the reference period.
b) All 21 sample works were found executed as per specifications claimed by the Department and no deviation was noticed in this behalf in the field. The specification of Field Channels constructed viz- a-viz approved design are photographically demonstrated at appropriate places in the report. c) Material used for construction of all sample works was found of average quality except one in sample village Hapatnar which was observed of poor quality material and found partially damaged on the date of survey. d) 20 sample works were found functional and one in sample village Hapatnar was found partially functional due to its damaged nature. e) It was noticed during the course of field enquiry that there was no proper mechanism in place for looking after the assets which could ensure the safety and damage control. The mechanism spelt-out in the guidelines must be put in place at the earliest. The hurdles coming in the way of establishing such a mechanism should be addressed at the appropriate level to enable the porgramme implementation in totality for realization of postulated objectives.
Chapter – IV
Response of Implementing Department
As per the mechanism in place , the draft evaluation reports are sent to the members of the Technical Advisory Committee on Evaluation for their expert comments / suggestions and to the Implementing Department as well for their response on the findings of the report. The draft reports are subsequently finalized, in the light of comments / suggestions offered by the Technical Advisory Committee to the possible extent before its placement in the State Level Evaluation Committee (SLEC) for approval/release. The comments/ response of the Implementing Department is also taken into consideration preferably with regard to the official data presented in the report. Thus the Departmental response on the report, among other things, serves as an authentication of the official data reflected in the report.
The draft evaluation report on Martand canal CAD project was sent to the Director Command Area Development Kashmir vide Director Economics & Statistics letter No: DES/EVL/SLEC/Martand canal/Ang/kmr/2012-13 Dt: 10-05-2013. The response of the Command Area Development Kashmir was received by the Directorate vide their letter No: CADK/Plg- 43/Martand/2013-14 dated: 25-09-2013.
The Command Area Development Kashmir has not refuted any of the findings thrown out by the evaluation study. Instead, it has putforth reasons behind some unwelcome factors effecting the efficiency of the programme. Further, the Department expressed the resolve to act-upon the suggestions offered in the evaluation report for effecting further improvements in the programme. The main points of their response are reproduced hereunder:-
1. Regarding the maintenance of assets created by the Department, it is submitted that the Command Area Development Scheme is a beneficiary oriented programme in which 10% of total work done cost is contributed by the beneficiaries themselves. The payment of works, after obtaining all codal formalities, are released in favour of the executor beneficiaries and the executed work is handed over to the Water User Association under proper receipt for its maintenance.
2. Regarding financial allocation not being provided as per phasing projected in the DPR’s , the bottleneck has now been waved off as per the MOU signed between the Centre and State Governments. The funding is now done under AIBP which is a tied component.
3. In respect of components receiving no funds inspite of being projected in the DPRs, a separate project is being formulated covering the components of Reclamation of water logged Area, Correction of system Deficiency etc and would be submitted to MOWR through Central Water Commission for approval and release of funds.
4. Regarding projects getting delayed due to non-availability of funds as per phasing of the project, the bottleneck stands waved off now is terms of MOU and in future projects would be completed strictly as per the projected time-frame.
5. Regarding Proper Supervision, from the level of soil conservation Assistant upto HOD level including ASCO, Deputy Director are supervising the execution of activities as per rules mentioned in Agriculture lands Act. The schedule of technical checks is as follows.
SCA 100% ASCO 75% Dy Director 20% Director / works Committee 5%
Chapter – V
Summary of Field Findings.
1) The project profile of CAD project “Martand Canal” located in District Anantnag of Kashmir division, having gross command area of 6882 hectares, which includes 4337 hectares of cultivable command area, spread over 62 villages of tehsil Pahalgam and Anantnag, had been taken up under command area development programme in 2001-02 and completed by 31.03.2009. The scheme was restructured in April, 2004 with deletion of a few components and addition of some new components and renamed as command area development and water management programme. The instant CAD project had been implemented w.e.f April 2004 as per revised guidelines of restructured CAD & WM(CSS) programme.
2) The CAD project Martand canal stood evaluated as per the decision of 4th meeting of SLEC held on 17th of June 2009 under the chairmanship of the then Financial Commissioner, Planning and Development Department (Chairman, SLEC) with the objective to asses both Physical/financial performance together with impact and effectiveness in achieving the set goals.
3) The financial profile of CAD project Martand Canal reveals that original cost of all components was Rs .908.68 lacs which stood revised in 2004- 05. As the CAD programme was restructured in 2004-05, the cost of CAD project Martand Canal was revised to Rs.865.03 lacs against which the funding had been done to the extent of Rs.747.21 lakhs, against which the expenditure was Rs.742.71 lakhs (99.40%).
4) Full funding had been done for construction of i) Field channels ii) Field drains and iii) Adaptive trials/demonstrations. The project cost of Rs.640 lakhs approved for construction of field channels had been released in full and utilized amounting to Rs.638.82 lakhs (99.81%).Similarly in case of Field drains, approved project cost of Rs.50 lakhs was released/utilized in full. Likewise, under Adaptive trials /demonstrations against approved cost of Rs.12 lakhs, an amount of Rs `.11.50 lakhs was made available which was utilized to the extent of Rs `.11.45 lakhs (99.56%).
5) Poor funding was noticed for the components namely i) Reclamation of water logged area, ii) Survey and Planning, iii) Correction of system deficiencies, iv) Warabandi and v) Trainings. The availability of funds for these activities was of the order of Rs.11.60 lakhs, Rs `.9.22 lakhs, Rs 9.00 lakhs, Rs `.7.26 lakhs and Rs `.0.61 lakhs against the approved project cost of Rs `.60.00 lakhs. Rs `.13.00 lakhs, Rs `.63.00 lakhs, Rs `.13.00 lakhs and Rs `.6.00 lakhs, respectively which had been expended to the extent of Rs `.11.59 lakhs (99.91%), Rs `.9.21 lakhs (99.89%), Rs `.9.00 lakhs (100%), Rs `.7.23 lakhs (99.59%) and Rs `.0.61 lakhs (100%) respectively.
6) It is observed that full funding had been done for core activities of the project while as other activities approved under the project were not addressed to the needful extent. As a matter of fact CAD authorities should have monitored the activities of project closely to facilitate completion of codal formalities as prescribed under guidelines for release of balance funds for the activities approved under CAD project.
7) As regards physical performance of CAD project “Martand canal”, the project target area of 4337 hectares had been covered in full by way of constructing field channels. In a similar way project target area of 2500 hectares also stood covered in full by way of field drains. Likewise, 1718 No. of farmers as claimed were benefitted under adaptive trials/demonstrations by way of providing fertilizer incentive to farmers for trials/demonstrations of HYV seeds. Moreover necessary training as claimed by the department have been imparted to farming community during the period 2001-09.
8) The project physical targets approved under the component of i) Reclamation of water logged area, ii) correction of system deficiencies and iii) warabandi observed to have been slashed down due to meager funding for these activities, with the result project physical targets were not achieved in full in respect of these components.
9) Close/ effective monitoring at each level was necessitated to ensure completion of codal procedural formalities required as per guidelines for release of funds in full for the components approved under the project. It is thus visible that effective steps in this behalf had not been initiated in due course of time.
10) The CAD project area spread over 62 villages, out of which a sample of 12 villages (20% in aggregate) was drawn for field enquiry, in which 64 works (field channels) were claimed by the CAD department to have been executed during the reference year 2007-08 and 2008-09 except in one sample village, Khayar. Overall 385 beneficiary farmers falling in11 sample villages, were benefitted.
11) Out of 385 beneficiary farmers benefitted under CAD project “Martand canal” during the reference year 2007-08 and 2008-09 a sample of 50 (13%) beneficiary farmers were selected randomly. They were interviewed about various aspects of programme together with the benefits accrued to them in terms of additional land brought under irrigation, increase in production/productivity, impact on their socio- economic status and overall satisfaction.
12) The field enquiry with respect to CAD treatment to land holdings of 50 sample beneficiary farmers by way of constructing field channels to land holdings reveals as under:- i) Actual size of irrigated land holdings in possession of 50 sample beneficiary farmers was 762 Kanals, out of which 571(75%) Kanals had been treated /covered under CAD project “Martand Canal”. ii) 173(20%) Kanals of unirrigated land in possession of 30 sample beneficiary farmers was brought under better management of irrigation water as a result of which change in cropping pattern took place which in fact resulted in shift towards irrigated crops. iii) The size of total irrigated land holdings of 50 sample beneficiary farmers was raised from 762 kanals to 935 kanals which reveals 23% increase in irrigated land and as such unirrigated land was reduced from 879 kanals to 706 kanals, which shows 20% reduction in the size of unirrigated land holdings.
13) The field enquiry reveals that 43(86%) sample beneficiary farmers were having the size of land holdings 10 kanals and above, 5(10%) were having within the size of 5-10 kanals and 2(4%) were within the size of 0- 5 kanals. It was thus noticed that maximum number of beneficiaries were falling within the size of 10 kanals and above.
14) 32 sample beneficiary farmers reported that their additional land had been brought under better management of irrigation water.
15) The field enquiry reveals that after implementation of CAD activities, production of paddy crop showed upward trend by 28% and production of horticulture crop also reveals increasing trend by 13%. Likewise, production of oilseeds increased by 39%. Although increased trend has been observed in the production but the results were not to the desired extent. The implementation of CAD activities alone were not instrumental for increase in production/productivity but other line Departments like Agriculture, Horticulture, Irrigation Department also had their specific role.
16) As regards impact of implementation of CAD activities over socio economic status of sample beneficiary farmers, 32(64%) sample beneficiary farmers who were interviewed agreed that their social status as well as the residential set up changed favourably as a result of increase in the production. While as the remaining 18(36%) reported that there had been no improvement in their social status.
17) All sample beneficiary farmers were interviewed to assess their overall satisfaction over implementation of CAD activities who reported as under:- i) All sample beneficiary farmers expressed their satisfaction over implementation of CAD activities in view of the fact a smooth /controlled flow of irrigation water with increased capacity to individual holdings in an equitable manner within a fixed time schedule was ensured. ii) Wastage/leakage of irrigation water was minimized, created potential of irrigation water was utilized in an efficient manner by way of efficient management. It was revealed by 32 sample beneficiary farmers that utilization of created potential also stood increased by way of bringing additional land under better management of irrigation water. iii) All the sample beneficiary farmers expressed their satisfaction over execution of field channels but it was desired by all sample beneficiaries that for survival purpose created infrastructure/assets by CAD Department needs to be looked after/maintained through a proper mechanism. iv) All sample beneficiary farmers were found satisfied over increase in irrigation water, judicious distribution of water and minimization in leakage/ wastage of irrigation water.
18) Water user associations were reported to have been formed in 7 sample villages while as in rest of the 5 sample villages no such association was formed. Two members from each water user association summing upto 14 were contacted in these sample villages and it was revealed that the assets created were handed over to water user associations. They had been consulted while preparation of plan, selection of sights and supervision of works during course of execution. It was reported that they play a vital role in water release schedule. All 14 members of the water user associations reported their satisfaction over implementation of CAD activities/execution of works due to which additional land was brought under irrigation. Moreover, judicious use of irrigation water by way of efficient management in an equitable manner was ensured.
19) Out of 64 works (field channels) 30% summing up to 21 sample works were selected randomly for physical verification with a view to ascertain the feasibility, quality, functionality and their maintenance. The sample works in each sample village were as such physically verified on ground by the Evaluation team in the field. The field enquiry revealed that all the 21 sample works were found existing on ground. All the sample works were found completed as per specifications of approved estimates but were having average quality material. However, one sample work in village Hapatnar was found of poor quality material and was partially functional due to its partial damage. All sample works were found of community oriented nature. It was further observed in the field that all the sample works were having technical feasibility. However, the maintenance system was found non-existent which could render the programme performance non-functional within a short span of time.
Suggestions / Bottlenecks
The target population are the basic stakeholders of the programme. Their feedback on various activities of the programme hold enough weight in determining the status of the undertaken activities. Equally significant is their knowledge about the problems and bottlenecks and as such their suggestions for effecting improvements contain enough value for being acted upon by the Implementing Department. In the field of enquiry, efforts were made by the Evaluation Teams to obtain this valuable feedback from the beneficiaries. The Officers of the Command Area Project were also approached to get their feedback on problems/suggestions for making the programme more result oriented and impactful. The salient features of the interaction are detailed below:-
1. The Water Users Associations which stand already formulated by the Department are still unregistered because no act for registration has been passed by the Legislative Assembly despite repeated requests by the Department. This has resulted in non utilization of funds for the said component. The maintenance of the command Area Development works could not be taken up also.
2. The financial allocations are not being Provided as per the phasing projected in DPR. The releases are being made on 50:40:10 basis viz. 50% Centre, 40% state and 10% farmer`s share. The Ministry of Water Resources, Govt. of India releases the centre share in proportion with the state share. The state has not released the funds as per the phasing projected in the DPR in case of Martand Canal thus hampering the implementation of the project as per project time frame.
3. Financial allocation was not being made available for all the activities projected in the DPR viz. Reclamation of water logged areas, Water users associations, Correction of system deficiency etc. A meager allocation has been provided by the Govt. which stands utilized in full. But balance allocation was not being provided for the said activities thus imbalancing the programme to a great extent.
4. The project completion gets delayed due to non availability of funds as per the phasing of the project. The project was phased for five years but got completed in ten years. In order to avoid delay in project completion the apex authorities must release funds as per the phasing in DPR.
Following suggestions are recommended for result oriented benefits from the scheme:-
I) Proper mechanism needs to be put in place for maintenance of created infrastructure by the CAD authorities.
II) Reconsideration of CAD project Martand Canal for its augmentation.
III) Effective steps need to be taken for formation of Water User Association in each village covered under CAD Project.
IV) There should be rationalization in the distribution of funds pertaining to all components of the scheme.
V) Proper supervision at higher level should be ensured for quality execution of works and putting in place the mechanism envisaged under Programme.
Field Channel in village Brah, location Hoonkha , falling under Martand Canal CAD Project
Field Channel in village Gopalpora, location Cherwat , falling under Martand Canal CAD Project
Field Channel in village Jammo, location Darpath falling under Martand Canal CAD Project
Field Channel in village Seer Hamdan, location Gurdar falling under Martand Canal CAD Project
Field Channel in village Manzgam, location Gurdar, falling under Martand Canal CAD Project
Field Channel in village Hassan noor, Wgaybal falling under Martand Canal Project