Name: ______

BIOL 317: IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION, SUMMER 2013

MIDTERM EXAM – 100 pts total

Q1 (20 pts). Match the descriptions of families on the left with the letter of the corresponding family on the right. Families may be used more than once, or not at all; each description should be matched to a family.

____ Herb with opposite leaves, 5 sepals, 5 petals, A) Araceae 5 fused carpels, and free-central placentation B) Caryophyllaceae C) Cyperaceae ____ Tree with large showy flowers; many tepals and D) Iridaceae laminar stamens spirally arranged on an elongate E) Juncaceae receptacle F) Liliaceae G) Magnoliaceae ____ Herb with parallel-veined leaves, radially symmetric H) Nymphaeaceae flowers with 6 tepals, 6 stamens, and 3 fused carpels, I) Orchidaceae and capsular fruit J) Poaceae K) Polygonaceae ____ Epiphyte with bilaterally symmetric flowers; stamens L) Portulacaceae fused to stigma and style; ovary inferior M) Ranunculaceae

____ Rhizomatous herb with equitant leaves; colorful, bilaterally symmetric flowers with 6 tepals, 3 stamens, and an inferior ovary

____ Herb with long, slender leaves in three ranks around the stem; tiny, inconspicuous, radially symmetric flowers with 3 sepals, 3 petals, 6 stamens, and 3 fused carpels

____ Herb with deeply lobed leaves; flowers with 5 sepals and petals, but many stamens, and bilateral symmetry; fruit a follicle

____ Aquatic plant with air canals in stems; large, round leaves; showy flowers with many tepals, and petaloid staminodes

____ Stems with ocreas; thick, red petioles with a tart flavor; flower parts in multiples of 3; fruit a 3-winged achene

____ Monoecious herb with broad leaves; flowers arranged in a fleshy spike subtended by a single large, showy

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Q2 (10 pts). For each multiple choice question, choose the best answer from the options given (a – e).

I. Which of the following is a synapomorphy (shared derived similarity) for Eudicots? a) one cotyledon b) two cotyledons c) pollen with a single aperture d) pollen with three apertures e) net-veined leaves

II. Which of the following is NOT a trait associated with wind pollination? a) flowers emerging before leaves b) perianth reduced or absent c) winged fruits d) high pollen to ovule ratio e) feathery stigmas

III. Which of the following is part of the androecium of a flower? a) carpel b) receptacle c) anther d) stigma e) both (a) and (d)

IV. Most carnivorous (pitcher plants, sundews, venus flytraps) belong to the order Caryophyllales. Carnivorous plants DO NOT possess betalain pigments, free- central placentation, or perisperm nutritive tissue. Which family are carnivorous plants most closely related to? a) Polygonaceae b) Ranunculaceae c) Caryophyllaceae d) Portulacaceae e) Magnoliaceae

V. Agamospermy is a type of asexual reproduction that differs from vegetative reproduction in the following way: a) gametes are produced by meiosis b) seeds are produced c) it involves fertilization d) offspring are identical to their parents e) offspring are not identical to their parents

2 Q3 (14 pts). All parts of this question (I – III) refer to the following diagram:

Q3 part I (9 pts). Label the diagram where indicated, using appropriate floral morphology terms.

Q3 part II (1 pt). What is the ovary position in this flower?

______

Q3 part III (4 pts). For each multiple choice question, choose the best answer from the options given (a – e).

This flower is: This flower has: a) complete a) 1 simple pistil b) perfect b) 2 simple carpels c) imperfect c) 2 compound pistils d) both (a) and (b) d) 2 compound carpels e) both (a) and (c) e) 1 compound pistil

3 Q4 (4 pts). Which of the following produce flowers? Circle all that apply:

Grasses Roses Pines Ferns Lilies Daisies

Which of the following produce fruits? Circle all that apply:

Grasses Roses Pines Ferns Lilies Daisies

Q5 (10 pts). All parts of this question (I – II) refer to the following diagram:

Q5 part I (5 pts). Label the diagram where indicated with the appropriate terms for each stage of the life cycle using the list of terms.

Q5 part II (5 pts). Match the letter of the lineage of land plants on the left with its correct position on the phylogenetic tree on the right. ALSO, indicate which lineage the plant depicted in the life cycle diagram belongs to.

A) Angiosperms B) Conifers C) Ferns D) Lycophytes E) Mosses

4 Q6 (6 pts). Complete the following table for wind-pollinated monocots. Family Vegetative morphology Reproductive morphology Cyperaceae Flowers subtended by 1 bract, with no perianth

Juncaceae Stems round, solid; leaves 3-ranked

Stems round, hollow; leaves 2-ranked Flowers subtended by 2 , with no perianth

Q7 (10 pts). Complete the following table for pollination syndromes. Floral morphology Pollinator Moths

Red, tubular flowers with a lot of sugar-rich nectar

Flowers pointing downward, anthers opening by terminal pores, no nectar

Carrion flies

Tiny, unisexual, inconspicuous flowers, arranged in spikelets

Q8 (8 pts). All parts of this question (I – IV) refer to the following scenario:

Imagine that you are a conservation biologist, working with endangered species. Magnolia sinica is a rare plant with fewer than 100 individuals living in the wild, endemic to southwestern Yunnan province in China. The reddish-colored, fragrant flowers are protogynous, with the stigmas receptive on the first day of flowering, and the anthers releasing pollen on the second day of flowering.

Q8 part I (2 pts). Describe where this species belongs in the angiosperm phylogeny (i.e., what family it belongs to; how this family is related to other angiosperms).

5 Q8 part II (2 pts). To describe M. sinica as endemic to an area means that this species (choose the best answer): a) is found only in a specific geographic location b) has a small population size c) is widespread, with individuals sparsely distributed over a large range d) is native to that area, but occurs elsewhere as well e) has a narrow habitat specificity

Q8 part III (2 pts). Is M. sinica likely to be self-fertilizing? Why or why not?

Q8 part IV (2 pts). How might the breeding system of this species contribute to its rarity (why might protogyny prevent a small population from growing)?

Q9 (8 pts). All parts of this question (I – III) refer to the following scenario:

Imagine that you are a landscape architect, designing a city park. You have been offered a choice between two newly-introduced exotic plants to use in ornamental garden beds. Both plants have pink, bilaterally symmetric flowers with inferior ovaries, and long, linear leaves with parallel veination. Plant #1 spreads rapidly through vegetative reproduction, forming dense stands. Plant #2 has fleshy pseudobulbs at the base of the plant, and its flowers are highly specialized for a particular pollinator, with a column and labellum.

I (4 pts). What two families would you guess that these plants belong to?

Plant #1: ______Plant #2: ______

II (2 pts). Describe a stem modification which could be how plant #1 is able to spread vegetatively.

III (2 pts). Which plant is more likely to become invasive, and why?

6 Q10 (10 pts). All parts of this question (I – IV) refer to the following diagram:

The family Johnsoniaceae contains two genera, Johnsonia and Rahfeldtia, and is defined by having blue flowers with radial symmetry. The family Chaueaceae contains a single genus, Chauea, and is defined by blue flowers with bilateral symmetry. The outgroup to Johnsoniaceae and Chaueaceae is a lineage with radially symmetric, red flowers.

I (2 pts). What is the sister group to Johnsonia?

______

II (2 pts). Name two taxa shown in the phylogenetic diagram which are monophyletic.

______, ______

III (2 pts). Draw a mark on the tree to indicate where blue flowers evolved. Draw another mark on the tree, to indicate where bilateral floral symmetry evolved.

7 Q10 part IV (4 pts). Imagine that you are a plant systematist, working on the of Johnsoniaceae and Chaueaceae. Would you make changes to the classification? If so, describe the changes you would make and why; if not, explain why not.

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