Federal Register/Vol. 79, No. 195/Wednesday, October 8, 2014
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Air-Cruise Model Only 2 Hour flight and Then Sail in Antarctica
Last updated on Jan. 15, 2019 Traveling to the White Continent Te Drake Passage is the body of water that separates Cape Horn, the last piece of land belonging to the American continent, and the South Shetland Islands, located in Antarctica. Tis is where the Antarctic, the Pacific and the Atlantic oceans meet, which makes this merging point one of the most turbulent waters on Earth. 3 The traditional way from Ushuaia: 4 days crossing the Drake Passage To reach the Antarctic Peninsula, travel operators sail the tempestuous Drake Passage. But this comes with inconvenience for the traveller. · At least 50 hours South to reach the Antarctic peninsula · At least 50 hours North to get back to South America · Usually through rough seas, potentially causing sea sickness Watch Drake Passage video Highlight: Watch how crossing the Drake Passage looks like here. Visit antarctica21.com 4 Our Air-Cruise Model Only 2 hour flight and then sail in Antarctica Antarctica21’s innovative approach offers wilderness adventures that combine a 2-hour flight from Punta Arenas, located in the Chilean Patagonia, to the Antarctic peninsula, where our expedition vessel waits for the travelers to embark on an incredible journey. · Comfort: Avoid the Drake Passage’s storm · Speed: Reach the Antarctic Peninsula faster · Size: Small-ship, yacht-like experience Highlight: Antarctica21 is the world’s first Antarctic air-cruise and has led the way since 2003. Visit antarctica21.com Watch Air-Cruise Video Fly & Sail Expeditions Experience the best of Antarctica 6 Comfort Skip the stormy waters of the Drake Passage Rough seas are common in the Drake Passage. -
Rapid Cenozoic Glaciation of Antarctica Induced by Declining
letters to nature 17. Huang, Y. et al. Logic gates and computation from assembled nanowire building blocks. Science 294, Early Cretaceous6, yet is thought to have remained mostly ice-free, 1313–1317 (2001). 18. Chen, C.-L. Elements of Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics (Irwin, Chicago, 1996). vegetated, and with mean annual temperatures well above freezing 4,7 19. Wang, J., Gudiksen, M. S., Duan, X., Cui, Y. & Lieber, C. M. Highly polarized photoluminescence and until the Eocene/Oligocene boundary . Evidence for cooling and polarization sensitive photodetectors from single indium phosphide nanowires. Science 293, the sudden growth of an East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) comes 1455–1457 (2001). from marine records (refs 1–3), in which the gradual cooling from 20. Bagnall, D. M., Ullrich, B., Sakai, H. & Segawa, Y. Micro-cavity lasing of optically excited CdS thin films at room temperature. J. Cryst. Growth. 214/215, 1015–1018 (2000). the presumably ice-free warmth of the Early Tertiary to the cold 21. Bagnell, D. M., Ullrich, B., Qiu, X. G., Segawa, Y. & Sakai, H. Microcavity lasing of optically excited ‘icehouse’ of the Late Cenozoic is punctuated by a sudden .1.0‰ cadmium sulphide thin films at room temperature. Opt. Lett. 24, 1278–1280 (1999). rise in benthic d18O values at ,34 million years (Myr). More direct 22. Huang, Y., Duan, X., Cui, Y. & Lieber, C. M. GaN nanowire nanodevices. Nano Lett. 2, 101–104 (2002). evidence of cooling and glaciation near the Eocene/Oligocene 8 23. Gudiksen, G. S., Lauhon, L. J., Wang, J., Smith, D. & Lieber, C. M. Growth of nanowire superlattice boundary is provided by drilling on the East Antarctic margin , structures for nanoscale photonics and electronics. -
Identifying Overlap Between Humpback Whale Foraging Grounds and the Antarctic Krill fishery MARK
Biological Conservation 210 (2017) 184–191 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Identifying overlap between humpback whale foraging grounds and the Antarctic krill fishery MARK ⁎ Ben G. Weinsteina, , Michael Doubleb, Nick Galesb, David W. Johnstonc, Ari S. Friedlaendera a Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, 2030 Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA b Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia c Duke University Marine Laboratory, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The Antarctic krill fishery is the largest in the southern ocean, but currently operates without fine-scale Cetaceans information on whale movement and behavior. Using a multi-year dataset of satellite-tagged whales, as well as Bayesian movement models information on krill catch levels, we analyzed the spatial distribution of whales and fisheries effort within the Gerlache Strait small-scale management units defined by the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living CCAMLR Resources (CCAMLR). Using a Bayesian movement model to partition whale movement into traveling and area- Fisheries management restricted search states, we found that both whale behavior and krill catch effort were spatially clustered, with distinct hotspots of the whale activity in the Gerlache and southern Branfield Straits. These areas align with increases in krill fishing effort, and present potential areas of current and future conflict. We recommend that the Antarctic West and Bransfield Strait West management units merit particular attention when setting fine-scale catch limits and, more broadly, consideration as critical areas for krill predator foraging. -
Chapter 4 Tectonic Reconstructions of the Southernmost Andes and the Scotia Sea During the Opening of the Drake Passage
123 Chapter 4 Tectonic reconstructions of the Southernmost Andes and the Scotia Sea during the opening of the Drake Passage Graeme Eagles Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Marine and Polar Research, Bre- merhaven, Germany e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Study of the tectonic development of the Scotia Sea region started with basic lithological and structural studies of outcrop geology in Tierra del Fuego and the Antarctic Peninsula. To 19th and early 20th cen- tury geologists, the results of these studies suggested the presence of a submerged orocline running around the margins of the Scotia Sea. Subse- quent increases in detailed knowledge about the fragmentary outcrop ge- ology from islands distributed around the margins of the Scotia Sea, and later their interpretation in light of the plate tectonic paradigm, led to large modifications in the hypothesis such that by the present day the concept of oroclinal bending in the region persists only in vestigial form. Of the early comparative lithostratigraphic work in the region, only the likenesses be- tween Jurassic—Cretaceous basin floor and fill sequences in South Geor- gia and Tierra del Fuego are regarded as strong enough to be useful in plate kinematic reconstruction by permitting the interpretation of those re- gions’ contiguity in mid-Mesozoic times. Marine and satellite geophysical data sets reveal features of the remaining, submerged, 98% of the Scotia 124 Sea region between the outcrops. These data enable a more detailed and quantitative approach to the region’s plate kinematics. In contrast to long- used interpretations of the outcrop geology, these data do not prescribe the proximity of South Georgia to Tierra del Fuego in any past period. -
Towards Interactive Global Paleogeographic Maps, New Reconstructions at 60, 40 and 20 Ma
Earth-Science Reviews 214 (2021) 103508 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth-Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/earscirev Towards interactive global paleogeographic maps, new reconstructions at 60, 40 and 20 Ma F. Poblete a,b,*, G. Dupont-Nivet a,c, A. Licht d, D.J.J. van Hinsbergen e, P. Roperch a, M. G. Mihalynuk f, S.T. Johnston g, F. Guillocheau a, G. Baby a, F. Fluteau h, C. Robin a, T.J. M. van der Linden e,i, D. Ruiz c, M.L.J. Baatsen j a G´eosciences Rennes, UMR CNRS 6118, Rennes, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France b Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matematicas,´ Universidad de Chile, Chile c Universitat¨ Potsdam, Institute of Geoscience, 14476 Potsdam, Germany d Centre Europ´een de Recherche et d’Enseignement des G´eosciences de l’Environnement (Cerege), UMR CNRS 7330, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France e Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands f British Columbia Geological Survey, Vancouver, Canada g Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada h Universit´e de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France i Thomas van der Linden – LinGeo, Berlin, Germany j IMAU, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584CC Utrecht, the Netherlands ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Paleogeographic maps are essential tools for understanding Earth system dynamics. They provide boundary Paleogeographic maps conditions for climate and geodynamic modelling, for analysing surface processes and biotic interactions. Paleoelevation However, the temporal and spatial distribution of key features such as seaways and mountain belts that govern Cenozoic climate changes and biotic interchange differ between various paleogeographies that require regular updates Eocene-Oligocene transition with new data and models. -
29. Evolution of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean Basin
29. EVOLUTION OF THE SOUTHWESTERN ATLANTIC OCEAN BASIN: RESULTS OF LEG 36, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT The Shipboard Scientific Party1 Together with Wayne Harris, and William V. Sliter INTRODUCTION cores only and will be considered only briefly here. The four successful sites of the leg were drilled on the Leg 36 started in Ushuaia, Argentina, on 4 April Falkland (Malvinas) Plateau and in the Malvinas Outer 1974 and finished in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on 22 May Basin. The Falkland Plateau extends eastwards from 1974. It completed the second of three austral summer the continental shelf of the South American continent seasons of drilling planned for Antarctic waters during (Figure 1). The 500-fathom submarine contour lies east Phase III of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. In fact Leg of the Falkland Islands which consist of a meta- 36 brought the Antarctic drilling program of Phase III morphic complex overlain by Paleozoic-Triassic sedi- to an end, because the plan to drill south of Africa dur- mentary strata deformed in the early Mesozoic and cut ing the austral summer of 1974-75 had to be abandoned by mafic dykes (Greenway, 1972). The strata can be for want of a suitable escort vessel. correlated with rocks of comparable age in South The two main objectives of Leg 36 as originally con- America and southern Africa. There is therefore no ceived by the Antarctic Advisory Panel were to in- reason to doubt that the western portion of the plateau vestigate the geologic histories of the Scotia Arc and of at least is underlain by continental crust. -
Review of Small Cetaceans. Distribution, Behaviour, Migration and Threats
Review of Small Cetaceans Distribution, Behaviour, Migration and Threats by Boris M. Culik Illustrations by Maurizio Wurtz, Artescienza Marine Mammal Action Plan / Regional Seas Reports and Studies no. 177 Published by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Secretariat of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). Review of Small Cetaceans. Distribution, Behaviour, Migration and Threats. 2004. Compiled for CMS by Boris M. Culik. Illustrations by Maurizio Wurtz, Artescienza. UNEP / CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany. 343 pages. Marine Mammal Action Plan / Regional Seas Reports and Studies no. 177 Produced by CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany in collaboration with UNEP Coordination team Marco Barbieri, Veronika Lenarz, Laura Meszaros, Hanneke Van Lavieren Editing Rüdiger Strempel Design Karina Waedt The author Boris M. Culik is associate Professor The drawings stem from Prof. Maurizio of Marine Zoology at the Leibnitz Institute of Wurtz, Dept. of Biology at Genova Univer- Marine Sciences at Kiel University (IFM-GEOMAR) sity and illustrator/artist at Artescienza. and works free-lance as a marine biologist. Contact address: Contact address: Prof. Dr. Boris Culik Prof. Maurizio Wurtz F3: Forschung / Fakten / Fantasie Dept. of Biology, Genova University Am Reff 1 Viale Benedetto XV, 5 24226 Heikendorf, Germany 16132 Genova, Italy Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] www.fh3.de www.artescienza.org © 2004 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) / Convention on Migratory Species (CMS). This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. -
La Cartographie De La Terre Et Ses Océans
la cartographie de la terre et ses océans Tectonics of the Antarctic Grikurov G.E. and Leitchenkov G.L. Introduction duced in the last decades of the past century mainly in Russia,USA and Australia,and various geological and struc- The Antarctic region extends from 60°S to the Sou- tural images of the Antarctic region also appeared in glo- th Pole and includes the Antarctic continent surrounded bal compilations made under CGMW auspices. In early by the southern parts of Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans (Fig. 1). At 14 million km2, the continent is almost comple- tely (by 99%) covered with ice that averages 1.9 km in thickness. However, even rare rock outcrops visited by scientists at the early stage of Antarctic exploration pro- vided exiting basic information about geological struc- ture of Antarctica which appeared a missing link of Gond- wanaland that had utmost importance for reconstructing global tectonic history. As a consequence, after the entry in force in 1961 of the Antarctic Treaty, IUGS recommended that Antarctica should be taken into account by CGMW as one of the regions of the World, and respective action was taken at the CGMW meeting in December in 1962 by establishing Sub-commission for Antarctica. Since then CGMW consistently encouraged publi- cation of overview geoscience maps of the continent com- piled both under international projects and in individual counties. A few geological and tectonic maps of Antarctic Figure 1. Antarctic physiography and selected place names referred to in mainland at 1:5,000,000 and 1:10,000,000 scale were pro- the text. -
Eddies and Jets in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
The atmospheric ocean: eddies and jets in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current By Andrew F. Thompson Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics Centre for Mathematical Sciences University of Cambridge Wilberforce Road Cambridge CB3 0WA UK Although the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is the longest and strongest oceanic current on Earth and is the primary means of inter-basin exchange, it re- mains one of the most poorly represented components of global climate models. Accurately describing the circulation of the ACC is made difficult because of the prominent role that mesoscale eddies and jets, oceanic equivalents of atmospheric storms and storm tracks, have in setting the density structure and transport prop- erties of the current. The successes and limitations of different representations of eddy processes in models of the ACC are considered, with particular attention given to how the circulation responds to changes in wind forcing. The presence of energetic, filamentary jets all along the path of the ACC suggests that capturing spatially-variable eddy transport properties in numerical and theoretical models may be crucial for climate prediction. Keywords: Antarctic Circumpolar Current, mesoscale eddies, zonal jets 1. Introduction Within the ocean's circulation system, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) stakes its claim to a number of superlatives. The ACC is both the longest and strongest current in the ocean carrying a volume transport of 130 Sv (1 Sverdrup = 1 Sv = 1×106 m3 s−1) along a 24 000 km path encircling Antarctica (Rintoul et al. 2001, figure 1a). The ACC is also unique because no continental barriers exist in the latitudes spanning Drake Passage (the gap between South America and the Antarctic Peninsula), which allows the current to close upon itself in a circumpolar loop. -
Download the Scanned
362 NOTES AND NEV/S T.lsln 2. ANcrr Tl,alr ron Gevrussrru Monoclinic aibic:1.4878:l:1.M53 p :102"00+' Poqo:| :O.97 413:1. 4137:l p : 77"59tr', 7';p':l:O .70737 :0 .687 16:l fo' :0.99316, qo':1.M53 xo':0 '21725 Form 4 PQzPz:BCA c {001} 90"00' t2"00+' 77"59t', 90000' 0'00' 77"59+' D [010] 0 00 9000 000 9000 9000 a {100} 90 00 9000 000 9000 7759+ ooo m lrl0l 34 30 9000 000 3430 8314 5530 e [011] I 22i ss 36+ 77 s9+ 35 16+ s4 43+ 8406 s {101} -90 00 3801+ 12801+ 90 0o 5002 r28ot+ r llr2l -2r s0 37 50 10s53+ 55 12 43 28+ r02 59e Rnl.rnnxcns l. MuR-DocH, J., Nuevite, a new rare-earth mineral from California (Abstr): Geol. Soc- Am., Bull'. 57, lzl9 (1946). Purr.r.trs, W., Observations on the crystalline form, etc., of the ga1'lussite: Philosophieal Mogazine,l (N. S.), 263-266 (1827). Pnarr, J. H., On northupite; pirssonite, a new mineral; gaylussite and hanksite from Borax Lake, San Bernardino County, California: Aru, Jour. Sci., (4),2r 123-135 (1896)' ON THE MINERALOGY OF ANTARCTICA DuNc.qN SrnwAnt, Jr.., Corleton College,Northf'eld, Minnesota Since 1895ninety-six papers have been published relating to Antarctic mineralogy and petrography, Dr. Johannes Petersen (1895: 275-278) was the first to publish on Antarctic petrography. He described the basalt of Mount Christen Christensen(Christensen-Vulkan) of Robert' son Island, West Antarctica. The following is a list of the 167 mineral species'subspecies, and va- rieties, as well as those of questionable occurrence, that have been re- ported from Antarctica. -
The Metamorphic Complexes of the Patagonian and Fuegian Andes Geologica Acta: an International Earth Science Journal, Vol
Geologica Acta: an international earth science journal ISSN: 1695-6133 [email protected] Universitat de Barcelona España HERVÉ, F.; CALDERÓN, M.; FAÚNDEZ, V. The metamorphic complexes of the Patagonian and Fuegian Andes Geologica Acta: an international earth science journal, vol. 6, núm. 1, marzo, 2008, pp. 43-53 Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=50513100004 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Geologica Acta, Vol.6, Nº 1, March 2008, 43-53 DOI: 10.1344/105.000000240 Available online at www.geologica-acta.com The metamorphic complexes of the Patagonian and Fuegian Andes F. HERVÉ* M. CALDERÓN and V. FAÚNDEZ Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Chile Plaza Ercilla 803, Casilla 13518, Correo 21, Santiago, Chile *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The Patagonian and Fuegian Andes are made up in part by late Paleozoic to Mesozoic metamorphic complexes. The mostly low grade late Paleozoic Eastern Andes Metamorphic Complex (EAMC) crops out to the East of the Meso-Cenozoic South Patagonian batholith (SPB), which intruded the metamorphic complexes. The protolith of the EAMC was likely deposited in a passive margin setting and at the Puerto Edén area underwent Late Jurassic sillimanite grade and migmatite local metamorphic conditions. It is suspected, but not proven, that the Cordillera Darwin Metamorphic Complex is a higher grade metamorphic equivalent of the EAMC. -
Request for Letter of Authorization for the Taking of Marine Mammals
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE Office of Protected Resources PETITION FOR PROMULGATION OF REGULATIONS AND REQUEST FOR LETTER OF AUTHORIZATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 101 (a) (5) (A) OF THE MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT for the Taking of Marine Mammals Incidental to Fisheries and Ecosystem Research Conducted and Funded by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center 50 C.F.R. Part 216, Subpart R April 2020 Submitted by: National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Science Center Prepared By: ECO49 Consulting, LLC Telephone | 907.903.9714 www.ECO49.com This page intentionally left blank. Fisheries and Ecosystem Research LOA Application TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................... v 1. Description of Activities .................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1. Nature of Request ..................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2. Regulatory Context ................................................................................................................... 1-2 1.3. Description of the Activity ........................................................................................................ 1-3 1.3.1. Definition of Action Area ............................................................................................