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An Indigenous Health Promotion Perspective Renei Mary Ngawati

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An Indigenous Health Promotion Perspective Renei Mary Ngawati Sport and Indigenous Development: An Indigenous Health Promotion Perspective Renei Mary Ngawati A thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Public Health 2013 Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences Ki ōku mātua Nā korua te huarahi i para 2 Executive Summary ‘Sport and Indigenous Development: an Indigenous health promotion perspective’ This research thesis investigates the factors for Indigenous development through sport participation and achievement. The focus of this research is from a health promotion perspective, where Indigenous development is investigated as a determinant of overall health and wellbeing of Indigenous peoples. To investigate the factors of Indigenous development through sport, eight Indigenous Sports Organisations across New Zealand, Australia, Canada and The United States of America are interviewed about their perspective and implementation of the determined factors through their organizational structure and function. The literature review attempted to draw together the main factors of Indigenous development both outside and within the sport sector. Indigenous research methodologies are utilised, including the principles of Kaupapa Māori Research methods. This research has shown what the key factors are for Indigenous development, and how they are informed by the unique structure and function of Indigenous sports organisations. The main factors within the Indigenous sporting organisation structures are the health and wellbeing of their tribal communities through community development principles (including tribal), cultural values, and sporting success. The research clearly shows that sport is a valuable tool for Indigenous health development. Recommendations of the study are that more focused research is done, particularly in the area of achieving organizational objectives focusing on the advancements of their Indigenous communities. 3 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................. 3 CONTENTS .................................................................................................................... 4 LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ 7 LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................. 7 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 8 Part One ........................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Health ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9 Indigenous Development....................................................................................................................................................... 10 Sport Participation and Achievement .............................................................................................................................. 12 Thesis Aim .................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Research Scope ........................................................................................................................................................... 14 Why have Indigenous Sports Organisations for this research? ............................................................... 15 Thesis Structure ......................................................................................................................................................... 15 Part Two ........................................................................................................................................................................ 16 Deciding the Research Topic ................................................................................................................................. 16 Relevance to the Thesis Topic .............................................................................................................................. 17 The Structure and Function of MTNZ .............................................................................................................................. 19 Equality within the Sport Sector ........................................................................................................................................ 21 MTNZ Responses to Ongoing Equality and Māori development Challenges .................................................. 22 Successes ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 22 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW........................................................................... 25 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 25 Health Promotion Theory ...................................................................................................................................... 25 Māori Health Promotion ........................................................................................................................................................ 27 Māori Participation in Physical Activity and Recreation ......................................................................................... 30 Māori and Indigenous Participation within the sport sector ................................................................................ 33 Factors of Indigenous Development ................................................................................................................... 37 Redressing the historical impacts of colonisation ...................................................................................................... 38 Self-determination .................................................................................................................................................................... 40 Racism, prejudice and discrimination ............................................................................................................................. 42 Cultural Determinants ............................................................................................................................................................ 47 Political commitment (policy and legislation) ............................................................................................................. 49 Community development, capacity building and leadership ................................................................................ 51 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................................... 56 4 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH METHODS ...................................... 57 Research Aim .............................................................................................................................................................. 57 The Research Approach .......................................................................................................................................... 58 Utilising Indigenous Research Methodologies ............................................................................................................. 58 The Research Methods ............................................................................................................................................ 63 Kaupapa Māori Research ....................................................................................................................................................... 63 Participant Selection ................................................................................................................................................................ 65 Sampling........................................................................................................................................................................................ 66 The Interview Schedule .......................................................................................................................................................... 68 Utilising Kaupapa Māori Research Methods ................................................................................................... 68 Manaaki Tangata ....................................................................................................................................................................... 69 Tikanga .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 71 Kanohi-kitea ................................................................................................................................................................................ 72
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