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Marsilio Ficino's Astral Psychology: the Inner Cosmos of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese on the Astronomical Ceiling Fresco of Sala Del Mappamondo at Caprarola

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Marsilio Ficino's Astral Psychology: the Inner Cosmos of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese on the Astronomical Ceiling Fresco of Sala Del Mappamondo at Caprarola University of Central Florida STARS Honors Undergraduate Theses UCF Theses and Dissertations 2018 Marsilio Ficino's Astral Psychology: The Inner Cosmos of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese on the Astronomical Ceiling Fresco of Sala del Mappamondo at Caprarola Renata R. Nagy University of Central Florida Part of the Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Art and Architecture Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the UCF Theses and Dissertations at STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Undergraduate Theses by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Nagy, Renata R., "Marsilio Ficino's Astral Psychology: The Inner Cosmos of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese on the Astronomical Ceiling Fresco of Sala del Mappamondo at Caprarola" (2018). Honors Undergraduate Theses. 347. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses/347 MARSILIO FICINO’S ASTRAL PSYCHOLOGY: THE INNER COSMOS OF CARDINAL ALESSANDRO FARNESE ON THE ASTRONOMICAL CEILING FRESCO OF SALA DEL MAPPAMONDO AT CAPRAROLA by RENATA REKA NAGY A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors in the Major Program in Art History in the College of Arts & Humanities and in the Burnett Honors College at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term, 2018 Thesis Chair: Margaret Ann Zaho, Ph.D. © 2018 Renata Reka Nagy ii ABSTRACT This thesis intends to explore the relationship between the Neoplatonist doctrines of the Renaissance philosopher, Marsilio Ficino (1433-1499), and astrological images in the Renaissance. The astrological ceiling fresco located in the Room of Maps in the Villa Farnese at Caprarola is in the center of the argument, which I analyze based on the metaphysical works of Ficino, the Platonic Theology (1482) and the Three Books on Life (1492). Authors have examined the fresco decoration and Ficinian philosophy individually, but never together. This study is the first to recognize Ficino’s influence on Renaissance astrological images in its entirety. The present work synthesizes scholarship on Ficino and astrological image interpretations and provides a Neoplatonic reading of the fresco in question. The results demonstrate that the ceiling fresco at Caprarola is a visual manifestation of the principal Ficinian doctrines. The predominant decorative figures (Phaeton, Argo, Capella, and Jupiter) located at the four corners of the ceiling, communicate the importance of contemplation and introspection, the proper management of one’s vices and virtues, and the immortality of the soul. Together, they comprise the microcosm of the patron, Cardinal Alessandro Farnese (1520-1589). The decoration provides an insight into the inner world of Cardinal Farnese and represents his dominant personality traits. In the end, he triumphs over his sins, and his good deeds enable his soul to ascend to the divine iii sphere. The current study opens the door to conducting psychoanalyses of other historical figures, who were major patrons of the art and involved with Ficino’s philosophy. iv DEDICATION Dedicated to Ludovico Einaudi. Your music was a celestial comestible to my mind that awakened what Ficino and Plato would call the divine particle of my soul. Your melody inspired every word of this work. Grazie mille. Special thanks to my sister, Judit, for believing in me, and to JS, for motivating me to surpass the impossible. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my most profound gratitude to my mentors who helped me on my way. First and foremost, I would like to thank my thesis chair, Dr. Margaret Ann Zaho, without whom this project would not have been conceived in the first place. To Dr. Ilenia Colon Mendoza and Dr. Geri Smith, thank you both for helping me in your hardest hours. To Dr. Paul Giordano, thank you for joining me on this journey. I would also like to express a special thank you to the Burnett Honors College of the University of Central Florida for recognizing the potential of my work and awarding me with the HIM thesis scholarship for Spring 2018. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Thesis Sections and Contents.......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Topic Overview .............................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Research Question .......................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Literature Review............................................................................................................ 9 1.5 Goals and Methodology ................................................................................................ 13 CHAPTER 2: THE PHILOSOPHY OF MARSILIO FICINO ..................................................... 16 2.1 Philosophy and the Renaissance ................................................................................... 16 2.2 Scholarship On Ficino................................................................................................... 18 2.3 Marsilio Ficino’s Life ................................................................................................... 19 2.4 The Immortality of the Soul and the Hierarchy of Being ............................................. 22 2.5 Saturnian Melancholy and Astral Psychology .............................................................. 25 CHAPTER 3: ASTROLOGY AND IMAGES IN THE RENAISSANCE .................................. 30 3.1 The Case of Ludovico Sforza ....................................................................................... 30 3.2 Matthias Corvinus of Hungary...................................................................................... 32 3.3 Federico II Gonzaga’s Astrological Ceiling Frescoes .................................................. 42 3.4 Summary of Chapter ..................................................................................................... 49 CHAPTER 4: THE FARNESE FAMILY .................................................................................... 51 4.1 Family Origins .............................................................................................................. 51 4.2 Alessandro Farnese the Elder, Later Pope Paul III ....................................................... 54 4.3 Cardinal Alessandro Farnese ........................................................................................ 60 4.4 Nepotism, Politics, and War ......................................................................................... 62 4.5 Cardinal Farnese: The Head of the Family & Patron of Arts ....................................... 65 4.6 Interpretations of the Room of Maps at Caprarola ....................................................... 66 4.7 Summary of Chapter ..................................................................................................... 70 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................... 72 5.1 Ficinian Interpretation ................................................................................................... 72 vii 5.2 Phaeton As the Symbol of Introspection ...................................................................... 75 5.3 Argo As the Symbol of Vices ....................................................................................... 78 5.4 Capella As the Symbol of Virtues ................................................................................ 79 5.5 Jupiter As the Symbol of the Immortality of the Soul .................................................. 79 5.6 Recapitulation of Thesis ............................................................................................... 80 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 83 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Christofano dell’Altissimo, Portrait of Marsilio Ficino, Late 15th century. ................ 89 Figure 2: Jacopo Pontormo, Cosimo de’ Medici, circa mid-16th century. ................................... 90 Figure 3: Marsilio Ficino, First Latin edition of the Corpus Hermeticum, 1471, Bibliotheca Philosophica Hermetica (The Ritman Library), Amsterdam. ....................................................... 91 Figure 4: Medici Villa at Careggi. ................................................................................................ 92 Figure 5: Marsilio Ficino, Theologia Platonica de immortalitate animorum, 1559 edition. ....... 93 Figure 6: Marsilio Ficino, De triplici vita, 1490, Plut. 73.39, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence......................................................................................................................................... 94 Figure 7: Raphael, detail of Plato, School of Athens, fresco, 1509-1511, Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican. ......................................................................................................................................... 95 Figure 8: Didacus
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