Galloway and Southern Biosphere Sense of Place Toolkit Contents

Introduction 3

START HERE: how to use this Toolkit 9

A Place of Wildlife and Natural Beauty 14

A Place of Heritage and Culture 23

A Place of Inspiration 31

A Place of Tranquillity 37

A Place of Recreation and Enjoyment 41

A Place of Local Produce 54

Glen Kens © Ted Leeming

The Sense of Place Toolkit includes photography supplied under license by the Photographic Collective. You are welcome to use these photographs free of charge in your own marketing and publicity (e.g. promotional leaflets, websites). The photographs cannot however be re-sold or used on items for commercial sale. Copies of the photographs are available from the ‘Resources’ section of the Sense of Place Toolkit website: www.gallowayandsouthernayrshirebiosphere.org.uk/SOP Information about the Galloway Photographic Collective is available at: www.gallowayphotocollective.co.uk

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 2 Introduction

Welcome to the Sense of Place Toolkit. Its purpose is to help you understand and benefit from the special qualities of the Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere.

Sunset at Croy © Graeme Law

What is a Biosphere?

A ‘Biosphere’ is a special status awarded by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) to places that demonstrate a balanced and sustainable relationship between people and nature. Biospheres are created to fulfil three main purposes: l Conservation: protecting the landscape, its wildlife and habitats. l Learning and Research: encouraging use of the landscape for education and sharing knowledge with others. l Sustainable development: supporting the local economy and communities.

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 3 Introduction

Biospheres are places of cooperation and collaboration, where communities, land managers, environmental groups, businesses, local authorities, public agencies and others can work together for the benefit of both people and nature.

Not everywhere has the right ingredients to become a Biosphere – the status is given only to world-class environments where people and communities value their environment, are committed to caring for it and aspire to making it better. To date there are only two other Biospheres in the UK. This makes the Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere very unique and offers great potential for local people and organisations to benefit from its special status.

For more information visit www.gallowayandsouthernayrshirebiosphere.org.uk

For more information about Biosphere status visit www.unesco.org and search for “biosphere”.

Blackcraig © Ted Leeming

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 4 Introduction

Autumn outside © Graeme Law

What is a ‘sense of place’?

A ‘sense of place’ is the term used to describe the emotions and experiences we associate with places. It’s how places make us feel.

A sense of place is what gives an area its identity and makes it different from its surroundings. It is made up of the different landscapes, wildlife, heritage, people, sights, sounds, smells, tastes, memories and many other ‘things’ that contribute to our experience of a place. It changes when we travel from home to work, or from the city to the countryside, or when visiting familiar or new places. One way of understanding it is to think about how you might describe the area where you live - which words would you use, what would you focus on, how does it make you feel when you picture it in your mind? That’s a sense of place.

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 5 Introduction

How is this relevant to me?

A sense of place is all about how places Everyone has their own understanding make us feel. That might sound like of sense of place, whether they use the a wishy-washy idea at first! But quite term or not. If you belong to a community the opposite… it plays a key role in group, business or organisation that influencing the choices we make over has an interest in your local area, then where to live, work and spend our developing a better understanding of holidays. It can influence the value placed sense of place can benefit you in a on products and services offered by local number of ways. For example, it can be businesses. It contributes to our culture used to: and the identities of local communities. It can even impact on people’s health and l Improve the ‘welcome’ and local quality of life. knowledge offered by frontline tourism staff (including businesses)

l Add value to local products and services – and help businesses develop new products

l Strengthen the identity or ‘brand’ of an area by encouraging different groups to work together in promoting a place and its special qualities

l Provide inspiration for education, interpretation and the creative arts

l Help bring communities together and (re)connect people with the landscape

A sense of place is particularly relevant to tourism. If visitors connect with a place they are more likely to develop an affinity for the area, which in turn means they are likely to spend more time there, spend more money, tell their friends about it and visit again in future. In this way, promoting a strong sense of place can benefit the local economy. Thespit at Carrick shore © Allan Wright

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 6 Introduction

Who is the Toolkit for? Who made it and how?

The Sense of Place Toolkit is intended for use by community groups, businesses and organisations operating within or near to the Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere (see map).

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 7 Introduction

The Toolkit has been produced by consultants, Countryscape, as part of the Building Opportunity in the Biosphere project, funded through the European Community Ayrshire and and Galloway LEADER Programmes, , and Councils. The Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere is guided by a partnership made up of representatives from communities, local organisations, businesses, the local authority and public agencies who are all working together to develop the opportunities that biosphere status brings.

The Toolkit is based on information collected through a study undertaken in 2012, during which the Partnership consulted with communities and asked them what is special about their local area, including their favourite places, things to do, local produce, landscape and scenery, heritage, culture and events. This information was then used to develop the different special qualities or sense of place ‘themes’ that form the basis of this Toolkit.

The information collected during the study is invaluable to the Biosphere Partnership and we would like to thank everyone who contributed to the project. We are happy to share this information in the hope that it will inspire you to use your own local knowledge and sense of place to benefit your work, your community and the Biosphere as a whole.

Who should I contact for more information?

For further information about the Sense of Place Toolkit and the Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere and for contact details please visit: http://www.gallowayandsouthernayrshirebiosphere.org.uk.

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 8 How to use this toolkit

START HERE: how to use this Toolkit

This section explains how to get the most out of the Sense of Place Toolkit.

Ayrshire coast © Leeming & Paterson

What is the Sense of Place Toolkit – and what can it be used for?

The Sense of Place Toolkit is a collection The Toolkit isn’t designed to be read from of information and resources to help cover to cover like a book. Instead, think you benefit from the special qualities of it as a guidebook that you can ‘dip of the Biosphere. We use the word into’ whenever you need some fresh ideas ‘toolkit’ because it is focussed on and inspiration. practical outcomes. In the same way that a carpenter’s toolkit contains different You might like to use the Toolkit when: tools for different jobs, the Sense of Place Toolkit can be adapted to your individual l Creating publicity materials, such as a needs and interests. leaflet, website or advertisement

You don’t need any special skills or l Informing your customers or visitors expertise to use the Toolkit. It’s simply about your local area about making use of your own local l knowledge and sense of place in new and Developing a plan, proposal or strategy practical ways. All you need is a passion l Providing training to your staff or colleagues for your local area and a willingness to be creative! l Working with your local community

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 9 How to use this toolkit

STEP 1: deciding what’s relevant to you

The Sense of Place Toolkit is organised into l Tranquillity: the area’s unique sense of different sections, each one focussing on a peace, quiet and remoteness. different special quality of the Biosphere: l Recreation: the abundance of outdoor l Wildlife and Natural Beauty: the activities that can be enjoyed locally, importance and diversity of the natural including walking cycling, sailing, environment – from the area’s unique fishing, golfing and more. geology and coastline, to its rare and l wonderful wildlife, habitats and waterways. Produce: the range of good quality food that is farmed and produced locally, l Heritage and Culture: exploring the including whisky, shellfish, cheese, ice people and events that have shaped cream and local brands, such as the the area both past and present – from distinctive Belted Galloway cows. industrial and religious heritage, to famous connections and local stories. Start by reading the introduction to each section and decide which l Inspiration: the importance of the area are most relevant to you and your for inspiring the creative arts, both past interests. Then move on to Step 2. and present.

Dunure © Graeme Law

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STEP 2: planning and preparation

Each section of the Toolkit contains three types of information: l Background information describing the special quality and explaining why it is important to the Biosphere’s unique sense of place. This background information is intended to improve your own understanding of the area and that of your customers or visitors. Much of this information (including many of the images contained in the Toolkit) is available for you to download from the Biosphere website and use free of charge in your own publicity materials. l Local attractions, including favourite places and things to do as recommended by local people. This information is intended to supplement your own knowledge and provide a quick guide to some of the popular activities and interests that people enjoy locally. Together with the factual information, this can help to give your customers or visitors a better idea of how they might begin to experience the Biosphere for themselves. l Worksheets (attached separately), which provide step-by- step guidance on how to get the most out of the Toolkit and customise its resources relevant to you and your interests. Each section of the Toolkit has its own worksheet, which includes suggested activities, useful contacts, references and links to further about information the special qualities of the Biosphere.

You’ve already decided which sections of the Toolkit are relevant you. Now read over your chosen sections in detail and use the relevant worksheet(s) to put together a simple plan of how you are going to use the Toolkit.

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 11 How to use this toolkit

STEP 3: action!

The Sense of Place Toolkit can help you Refer the worksheet(s) you have to understand the special qualities of the completed and start with the actions Biosphere and develop an action plan of that are easiest to complete. how to benefit from them. The final step in the process relies on you to put your plan A good way to start is by including into action! information about the Biosphere and its special qualities in your own publicity Using the Toolkit isn’t necessarily about materials, using the resources available in doing new things from scratch. It’s often the Toolkit. This can be done very easily more important to look at what you are the next time you update your website, already doing and make improvements social media, printed literature and so on. by simply doing things differently: small The benefit of doing so is that it adds a steps, rather than giant leaps. sense of place to your publicity. People prefer to deal with organisations they can identify with and relate to – promoting your local sense of place helps people to do this. If you are a business, it can also give you an advantage over competitors and encourage customers to place greater value on your products and services.

Another simple idea is to get out and explore your local area for yourself. We often take for granted the special qualities of the landscapes in which we live and work. Try looking afresh at your area and imagine you are visiting for the first time. What time is the shop open; what special produce are on the menu in the local pub; where’s best to go for a walk; are there any local stories that people like to tell; what breed are those cows down the lane? Collect your own information about your area and use it when talking to customers or visitors. Share your knowledge and enthusiasm, make a connection and celebrate what’s special about your place!

Rock jumping

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 12 How to use this toolkit

There are lots of other simple steps you l Consider the benefits of using local can take using the Toolkit. Examples suppliers and produce next time you include: review your supply chain – and make a feature of these local links in your If you are a community group… marketing. l Use the special qualities of the If you are an organisation… Biosphere as a way of describing what’s special about your area to other people l Consider the special qualities of the – it can help them better understand Biosphere when developing or updating the landscape and what it has to offer. your organisation’s plans and strategies – how can you help to support and l Set up a project exploring the sense enhance these qualities, both now and of place of your local area. This can be in the future? a great way of bringing a community together and enabling everyone to l Use the Toolkit to improve your team’s share and celebrate what’s special own understanding of the Biosphere, about their place. its special qualities and sense of place. Encourage colleagues to use the Toolkit l Keep a record of information that when providing information to visitors might be useful for updating the Sense and communities. of Place Toolkit in future. This is your landscape and we want to know why l Help put the Biosphere ‘on the map’ it’s special to you! by promoting the area and its special qualities at every opportunity! The Biosphere is brand new thing for If you are a tourism business… the region, so please help to raise awareness of its (inter)national l Develop materials to help your visitors importance and local benefits. explore the area and get more from their stay. Perhaps a map of your favourite local walks and places to visit; or an I-Spy sheet and other games for families with children. l Tell the story of your own family or business – and use this story to ‘personalise’ to your products and celebrate your own local heritage.

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 13 A Place of Wildlife and Natural Beauty

This section explores the landscape of the Biosphere: from its unique geology and coastline, to its rare plants and wonderful wildlife, habitats and waterways. Use this information to bring to life the beauty and diversity of the natural environment – and help people understand why landscape is more than ‘just scenery’.

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 14 A Place of Wildlife and Natural Beauty

Background information

The landscape of the Biosphere is of international importance. It has been shaped and sculpted by unique geological and climatic forces over millions of years. Its coastline features some of the largest and most significant beaches, sand dunes and salt marshes in . Its famous peatland supports rare plants and wonderful birds of prey, while its rivers and lochs are alive with game fish and wildfowl. With such variety and natural beauty on offer, it’s no wonder that the landscape has long been one of the area’s most valued assets.

Lochans in © Allan Wright

Read on to learn more about Galloway and Southern Ayrshire as a place of wildlife and natural beauty…

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Geology

Undoubtedly the most significant geological feature of the Biosphere (if not Scotland as a whole) is the Boundary Fault – the boundary marking the two continents carrying England and Scotland, which collided some 460 million years ago. During this collision the sand and mud of what was then the ocean floor became squeezed and forced upwards to form mountainous areas, seen locally in the Southern Uplands. The sediments of the former sea floor became sedimentary rocks, rich in coal measures, which led to the establishment of mining in the area. The folded rock exposures along the coast are of national importance in helping scientists understand Scotland’s geological origins. Electric Brae © Richard Szwejkowski The rock folds at Back Bay and the Isle of to form roughly 10,000 years ago at the are particularly spectacular and end of the last Ice Age, when the weight of recommended to visitors. ice that had previously been pressing down on the landmass of Scotland was lifted due The remains of a number of volcanic plugs to melting, causing the land to rise slowly can be found within the Biosphere, such as upwards (as it continues to do today at those forming and the Heads a rate of approximately ½ mm per year). of and Knockdolian. These features are Good examples of raised beaches can be remnants of when Scotland was volcanically found along the eastern shores of active over 400-500 million years ago. They and . are formed when molten rock (known as magma) hardens within and ‘plugs’ the vent of A fascinating feature of the landscape is an active volcano. Over time, the surrounding Electric Brae, where a mysterious force softer rock is eroded leaving the harder plug appears to pull cars uphill! Electric Brae, to form a distinctive hill or mountain. known locally as Croy Brae, is a gravity hill, which due to the surrounding landform Another significant feature of the Biosphere creates an optical illusion, so that a is its coastline of raised beaches – beaches downward slope appears to be an uphill that now lie above the current shoreline, slope. A car in neutral and with the brakes often appearing as sea cliffs. Raised off will therefore appear to be pulled uphill, beaches, such as Beach, began when in reality it will be rolling downhill.

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 16 A Place of Wildlife and Natural Beauty

Coastline

The coastline of the Biosphere features a fine sand. Many of these are specially wide variety of natural habitats, including protected for their wildlife, including the mudflats, sands and shingles, sand dunes, shingle beaches of the dune grasslands and sea cliffs – all of coast, Rascarrel Bay, Abbey Burnfoot and which contribute greatly to the area’s the eastern shore of Luce Bay, itself one sense of place, while supporting abundant of the most extensive shingle beaches in and distinctive wildlife. Britain. Birdwatchers may wish to note that The Scar in Loch Ryan, near , The area features the largest sandy beach is one of the region’s most important and sand dune system in southern shingle beaches for birds. As is Scotland, Torrs Warren on Luce Bay, Beach, famously home to Little Terns and a highly sensitive and internationally Arctic Terns between May and August. protected area that is home to many rare plants. Other significant areas of Large areas of coastal salt marsh can be sand dunes can be found at the head of found locally in Rough , and the Bays Brighouse Bay, Sandyhills Bay, Almorness, of Auchencairn, , Fleet and Fleet Bay, , and Killantringan Bay. – the latter being the biggest saltmarsh in the area. Salt marshes are The Biosphere also features numerous best visited at low tide when they are shingle beaches, made up of small- most accessible and attract flocks of to medium-sized pebbles rather than wading birds in search of food.

Turnberry at sunset © Graeme Law

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Bog Asphodel © Sue Wallis

Bogs

Bogs might not appear to be the most ‘glamorous’ of landscape features! But they contribute greatly to the area’s sense of place and are essential for supporting wildlife, combating climate change, providing opportunities for recreation, improving water quality and many other benefits. Much of the Biosphere’s core area is covered by blanket bog – the name used to describe peatland found on top of hills, as well as in valleys (covering the landscape in a thick ‘blanket’ of peat, which can be many metres deep in places). Much of the Biosphere’s blanket bog is protected by law at both national and international level, which reflects its importance. Well known examples include - Kells and the Silver Flowe National Nature Reserve, Lowther Hills, and Blood Moss in Hutton and Corrie (one of the finest examples of blanket bog in Britain). In upland areas, blanket bog supports good numbers of red grouse and mountain hare, which in turn provide food for birds of prey such as golden eagles and hen harriers.

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 18 A Place of Wildlife and Natural Beauty

Birdlife

The Biosphere is a haven for wildlife and l Peregrines, which like the hen harrier a great place to experience nature. It is breed and feed in the upland areas of particularly famous for its birdlife, with the Biosphere, such as the Galloway and notable local species including: Moffat Hills. They can also be found nesting on coastal sea cliffs. Local organisations l Golden eagles, one of (if not the) most including the Wildlife Trust and RSPB iconic birds prey, which can be spotted often install cameras in Peregrine nests, on rare occasions around Galloway which can be viewed online. Forest Park and Cairnsmore of Fleet. l Barn Owls, which are a very important l Hen Harriers, which breed in the heath local species. In fact the region and grassland found in upland areas supports over 60% of Scotland’s barn of the Biosphere. Hen harriers are owl population and 10% of all barn very elusive and difficult to spot, but owls found in the UK! Some of the best the best places to look out for them places to look out for them include are West Freugh (in winter), the moors Caerlaverock (where they nest in spring north east of Stranaer, and east of and summer), Drumlanrig Castle, and New Cumnock and by Raiders Road and Valley. Barn Wanlockhead (in summer). owls are nocturnal, so the best time to spot them is at dusk when they wake up and begin hunting for food.

Dalry & Dalry © R Croft

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Red Kite © Keith Kirk l Red Kites, which have been successfully reintroduced to the area. A special Red Kite feeding station can be found at Bellymack Hill farm, near Laurieston. There is also a signposted Galloway Kite Trail for vehicles near Lock Ken. l Choughs, a very rare bird in southwest Scotland, which can be found in coastal grassland areas. l Ospreys (also known as sea hawks), which can be found nesting on buildings close to the sea in Wigtown and at (check local CCTV camera links for live coverage!).

The Biosphere is also an important place for over-wintering wildfowl – migratory birds that rest in the area during the winter months. A spectacular number of such birds can be found annually at Local Nature Reserve – the largest reserve of its kind in the UK.

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 20 A Place of Wildlife and Natural Beauty

Rivers and lochs

The Biosphere is criss-crossed by waterways that are the ‘lifeblood’ of the local environment – vital for storing and transporting water, as well as providing habitats for many species of fish, plants, insects and the animals that feed on them.

The main waterways of the Biosphere are the Water of Luce, the , the Water of and the rivers Bladnoch, Cree, Dee, Urr, Nith, Annan, Stinchar, Doon and Ayr. Salmon and trout are commonly caught in the (itself a Special Area of Conservation) and , which also supports some very rare species of fish including the sparling and allis shad. Other notable salmon fishing rivers include the Doon, Girvan, Stinchar and Ayr. Sea fishing is popular from the shore at Port Castle Bass or via boat from the , with sea bass being a prized local catch.

Alongside rivers the Biosphere is home to numerous lochs, many of which are protected for their conservation and scientific value, including the lochs of Ashgrove, Martnaham, Bogton, Doon and Ken. Like rivers, these water bodies provide an important habitat for plants and animals. , for example, supports the only native population of Arctic Charr (a rare cold water fish) in the south west of Scotland, while Loch Ken provides a vital sanctuary for migratory birds in winter.

Claterring © Leeming & Paterson

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Local people also recommend....

Knockshinnoch Lagoons Wildlife Reserve in New Cumnock, an excellent place for wildlife and bird watching. The Ayrshire Coastal Path or the coast road to explore the South Ayrshire Coastline. Dalcairny waterfall near . Carstramon or Craigallian to explore wonderful woodlands and trees. Standing on Culzean foreshore with Ailsa Craig and Arran in the distance on a crisp, cool morning to take in the view with the lovely light illuminating the diverse colours of the coastline. © Graeme Law The intimate space of the Girvan Valley around , with the lowland valley woodlands along the river a stark contrast to the fabulous uplands. The stunning view as you approach the village of Creetown from the bridges above the war memorial, with the lovely view of the village and hills in front surrounded by beautiful woodlands and sea. The views between Palnure and Bargaly to the Road. The wild iris fields north of Castramon Bluebell Woods when they are in season. Port Logan Fish Pond

Port Logan Fish Pond to enjoy marine wildlife and © Markus Schroeder amazing geology. The River Ayr Walk to experience the Ayrshire landscape. The fantastic Carlingwalk Loch in . Mable Forest for loads of wildlife. Geese in Wigtown Bay. woodland within Galloway Forest Park. Balloch Community Woodland. Cally Woods, .

The Threave Estate for a variety of activities Ayrshire coastal walk, Arran in including wildlife watching and a sculpture garden. the distance © Graeme Law Kirkcudbright Wildlife Park.

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 22 A Place of Heritage and Culture

This section uncovers the heritage and culture of the Biosphere and its surrounding area – from famous historical milestones, to the often hidden stories of places and communities. Use this information to connect with the people and events that have shaped the landscape, past and present.

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 23 A Place of Heritage and Culture

Background information

The landscape of the Biosphere is steeped in history and culture, which continues today in the vibrant communities that live and work locally. The landscape has been shaped by its strong Gaelic traditions and stoic history of independence; by its key role in the establishment of Christianity in Scotland; through the toil and hardships of its industrial heritage; the beauty and refinement of its historic estates and gardens; and by a variety of famous people whose influence has been felt across the region, the nation and the world.

Cairnholy lower stones, Carsluith. © Allan Wright

Read on to learn more about Galloway and Southern Ayrshire as a place of heritage and culture…

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 24 A Place of Heritage and Culture

Early history

The area known today as Galloway was speaking population for another 200 once a much larger region, roughly years. This has resulted in a number of incorporating Nithsdale, Ayrshire, Gaelic place names remaining today. The Renfrewshire, Wigtownshire and the reason for the survival of Gaelic in this Stewartry of Kirkcudbright. The name area is found in the region’s history of Galloway evolved from the term Gall- independence. The Kingdom of Scotland Gaidel, meaning ‘foreign Gaels’: a as we know it today did not exist until reference to the numerous incomers who 1034, when Duncan, King of Strathclyde, first settled in the area (mainly people of brought together his kingdom and that Scandinavian and Gaelic origin). of Alba. It was sometime later however that Galloway and Ayrshire became a part The county known today as Ayrshire takes of the Kingdom of Scotland. Ayrshire its name from the River Ayr. The name Ayr became a part of Scotland when the Scots could be derived from the Gaelic word Ar defeated the Norwegian army in 1263 at which means ‘clear’, or from the Old Norse the Battle of Largs. Galloway remained an word Eyrr, meaning a strip of shingle independent kingdom ruled by Fergus of beach. It has had different spellings over Galloway until the Wars of Independence the years including Ar, Are, Air, Ayre in the late 13th and early 14th Centuries. and Aare. Following its absorption by the Kingdom of Scotland, Fergus’ descendents Whilst the Gaelic language was lost continued to rule Galloway as though it throughout the majority of Scotland by were an independent kingdom with the the end of the 14th Century, Galloway Galloway Lords receiving their real power and Ayrshire retained a substantial Gaelic from the loyalty of the Gaelic clans.

Threave Castle and River Dee in winter © Allan Wright

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Religious heritage

Religion has played a key role in the cultural heritage of the region. The first Christian church in Scotland was built on the Isle of Whithorn in 731 AD, itself the nation’s oldest Christian settlement. Saint ’s Cave, situated on the coast southwest of the town, has long been an important destination for pilgrims and to this day large pilgrimages are organised each year the Roman Catholic (St Ninian was an early missionary among the Pictish people of what became Scotland). Numerous carvings and artefacts dating back to the 8th Century have been found at the site, while modern-day visitors often leave pebbles from the beach marked with crosses, along with offerings of coins placed into crevices in the rock.

The area is also home to numerous abbeys of great significance, including those of Dundrennan and , both founded by Cistercian monks in the 12th Century and today offering peaceful locations for visitors. Dundrenna Abbey features impressive early Gothic architecture, while Glenluce has a rich and engaging history, spiced with tales of murder and betrayal! Of equal importance are the abbeys of Paisley and Crossraguel, both of which form part of the network of local Clunaic sites dating back to the Middle Ages.

Crossraguel Abbey © Leeming & Paterson

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Lead mine © Allan Wright

Industrial heritage

Galloway has historically been known for its horses and cattle rearing, with milk and beef production still important industries. The mining of coal has influenced large parts of Southern Ayrshire, leading to the development of many communities. Coastal towns such as Girvan benefited from the export of coal from its harbour and coal transport helped early developments of the rail network. Iron Ore deposits combined with abundant coal led to the development of a major iron industry in the Doon Valley at Dunaskin. Manufacturing has also been a major industry, particularly in Ayr, with textile and digital equipment manufacturing being significant until the 1970s. Elsewhere, small scale handloom weaving and leatherwork provided employment, such as in , where handloom weavers often struggled to compete with larger factories. The coastal location of many of the towns and villages, such as Ayr, Girvan and Kirkcudbright, allowed important fishing and shipping industries to develop. For example, herring fishery was the principal industry at Girvan in the late 19th Century; Kirkcudbright harbour historically supported a fleet of fishing vessels; and ships were built on the River Ayr during the late 18th and early 20th Centuries.

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Parks and gardens

Galloway and Southern Ayrshire is famous for its designed landscapes, including numerous historic parks and gardens. These designed landscapes not only offer recreation and education opportunities within the Biosphere, but also enhance the variety of textures and patterns in the landscape and provide varied habitats for wildlife. l Monreith House: set within extensive parkland and gardens, designed in the 19th Century by Sir Herbert Maxwell. Includes a monkey puzzle wood.

Culzean Castle and Country Park © Allan Wright l Dumfries House: set within impressive grounds of parkland, gardens and woodland dating from the 17th l Cally Palace: now a hotel but still open Century or earlier, designed and built to public visits. The building is set by brothers Robert and John Adams for within a designed landscape area and the Fifth Earl of Dumfries. has extensive grounds to be explored. l Craigengillan Estate: a 3000 acre l Galloway House Gardens: although the country estate including an historic house itself is closed to the public, it is house, stables and gardens set amidst surrounded by over 50 acres of 18th the hills of the Southern Uplands and Century designed parkland, offering once home to the engineer and road- leisurely walks through formal gardens builder, John McAdam. and woodland – as well as access to the coastal path of Wigtown Bay and l Threave Estate: one of the most Cruggleton Castle. diverse properties in the care of the National Trust for Scotland, featuring a l Culzean Castle and Country Park: mixture of woodland, farmland pasture designed by Robert Adam, this 18th and wetland marshes. Threave House century castle, with its stunning cliff- stands on Kelton Hill with picturesque top location, is set within 242 hectares plantings developed by students of of Country Park including woodland, Threave School of Heritage Gardening. landscaped gardens and rugged coastline.

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 28 A Place of Heritage and Culture

Famous people

The landscape of the Biosphere is l , the national poet of connected with the lives of many famous Scotland, who was born in (see people. Some well known examples include: page 33) for more information about Burns in the section entitled A Place of l Mary Queen of Scots (aka Mary Inspiration). Stuart), who ruled over Scotland from 1542 to 1567. Mary visited numerous l John Loudon McAdam, a Scottish castles in the area during her reign and engineer and road-builder born locally in most famously spent her last night in Ayr in 1756 and educated in Maybole. Scotland at Drundrennan Abbey before McAdam is famous for inventing fleeing to England where she was “macadamisation”, a process for building imprisoned for life. roads with a smooth hard surface (later becoming Tar Macadam, shortened to l , arguably the “Tarmac”, with the introduction of tar into most famous Scot of all time, who the process). led the nation as king in the Wars of Independence against England during l James Keir Hardie, a Scottish socialist the late 13th and early 14th Centuries. and founder of the Labour Party, who It is believed that Bruce was born became the first Independent Labour locally at either Castle or Member elected to Parliament. He is Lochmaben, the site of his family’s own known for championing fair pay for castle, and that he was christened in Ayrshire miners during the late 1800s the font in Kirkoswald, held court in and is buried locally in Cumnock Girvan, fought the Battle of Glen Trool New Cemetery. and camped in the vicinity of Hadyard l Hill following an unsuccessful attack on William Murdoch, a Scottish engineer . who was born in Lugar, near Cumnock, in 1754. His notable inventions include gas l , another of Scotland’s lighting and numerous innovations to the greatest national heroes, who led the steam engine, including pioneering work nation’s resistance under Bruce against on the first British paddle steamers to English rule. Some believe that Wallace cross the English Channel. was born in Ayrshire. It is certainly known that at one time he built up his army in the area and fought numerous battles locally.

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 29 A Place of Heritage and Culture

Local people also recommend....

The Arthur Memorial Church, built in 1913 as a tribute to the memory of William Arthur who left money in his will for the “poor and needy”. Travelling around Wigtownshire and between the towns of Maybole, Girvan, and Barrhill by rail along the Stranraer to Ayr railway. Numerous Castles such as: The ruin of Loch Doon Castle. Drumlanrig Castle and Country Estate for fresh country air, friendly people and lots of activities for children.

Barnweil Monument, which is dedicated to William Loch Doon Castle © GraemeMaclean Wallace.

Dunure Castle at night © Graeme Law

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 30 A Place of Inspiration

This section can help you celebrate the importance of Galloway and Southern Ayrshire to the creative arts. It provides a brief summary of the numerous writers, poets and artists who have been inspired by the area – and how you can use this information to help others experience the landscape in new ways.

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 31 A Place of Inspiration

Background information

The landscape of the Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere is rich in variety, beauty, culture and folklore. It’s no wonder then that the area has long been a place where creative minds have found inspiration.

The area is home to Scotland’s National Book Town, Wigtown, which boasts numerous bookshops and publishers, as well as the annual Book Festival (held in September/October). In the south there is Kirkcudbright, known as The Artists’ Town, which was established as an artists’ colony in the mid-1800s and became a magnet for early 20th Century painters. There is also an abundance of independent theatres, cinemas and exhibition venues to be found locally, where you can enjoy everything from lovingly crafted amateur productions to recent blockbuster releases, or perhaps catch a touring star in one of the area’s small and intimate performance venues.

But of course inspiration can be found in lots of personal ways too – in the breathtaking scenery, in tranquillity of the landscape, in being close to nature, in the buzz of local communities and the stories they have to tell.

Wigtoown Booktown © Ian Biggar

Read on to learn more about Galloway and Southern Ayrshire as a place of inspiration…

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 32 A Place of Inspiration

Literature

Most notable is the famous Scottish poet l Samuel Rutherford Crockett whose and lyricist, Robert Burns, who was born adventure novel The Raiders (1894) is in Alloway in 1759. Burns was a pioneer set in the . of the Romantic Movement and drew inspiration from the local landscapes, l John who developed a love of places and people, such as the river Afton, local scenery and wildlife, which often and the villages of featured in his novels (including The and Kirkoswald. He later became known Thirty Nine Steps, 1915). as the “Bard of Ayrshire”. Today he is l regarded as the national poet of Scotland Dorothy Sayers, a renowned English and in 2009 was publicly voted as being crime writer, poet and playwright whose the “Greatest Scot” in a poll run by STV. novel Five Red Herrings (1931) is set His poem Auld Lang Syne is still sung in Kirkcudbright and contains detailed around the world during Hogmanay. descriptions of the local countryside.

l Gavin Maxwell, a Scottish naturalist The landscape of Galloway and Southern born in the village of , near Port Ayrshire has influenced the work of many William, whose best selling biography other famous writers and poets who have Ring of Bright Water (1960) was found inspiration in the people, places and inspired by the Scottish landscape and folklore of the area. Examples include: later made into a feature film. l James Boswell who was born locally in l Liz Curtis Higgs, an American-born and wrote the biography of writer whose award-winning historical Samuel Johnson in 1791 (regarded as fiction novels Thorn in My Heart “the greatest biography ever written”). (2003), Fair is the Rose (2004) and Whence Came a Prince (2005) are set l Sir , whose novel locally and inspired by Higgs’ personal Guy Mannering (1815) depicts the experience of the landscape. lawlessness of smugglers that operated along the Galloway and Ayrshire coast during the 18th Century. l Robert Louis Stevenson (author of Treasure Island, 1883) who enjoyed walking in the area and often wrote about his experiences – his favourite routes can still be followed today.

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 33 A Place of Inspiration

Striding Arches © Ted Leeming

Painting and Sculpture

It’s easy to see why the landscape of The area continues to inspire artists to Galloway and Southern Ayrshire has become this day. For example, the landscape of a popular source of inspiration for artists. Cairnhead features a series of stones The town of Kirkcudbright in particular arches along its hilltops, created by has a long association with the renowned sculptor Andy Goldsworthy, art movement, which started when a which celebrate the unique sense of place colony of artists, including the famous of the local area. Each arch stands just Glasgow Boys and Scottish Colourists, under four metres high and consists of based themselves in the area over a 30-year blocks of hand-dressed red sandstone. period from 1880 to 1910. The work of Other arches made of local sandstone by such artists including E A Hornel, George Goldsworthy stand in Canada, the United Henry and Jessie M King was heavily States and New Zealand, echoing the influenced by the local landscape: its natural travels of emigrating Scots over the last beauty, but also its communities and their 200 years. Port William features a bronze culture. Alexander Goudie held a fascination statue of a fisherman by award winning with Robert Burns and recreated his poem, local artist Andrew Brown. ‘Tam O’Shanter’, in several paintings that are now on display at Rozelle House in Alloway. Other early modern painters with close ties to the area include W S MacGeorge, J D Fergusson, William Mouncey, Thomas Blacklock and William Hanna Clark.

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Theatre and Film

Galloway and Southern Ayrshire is home to a variety of independent theatres and cinemas. Experience the uniquely intimate atmosphere of Scotland’s smallest theatre, The Swallow Theatre, which can be found in a restored and converted barn at Moss Park (Ravenstone, near Whithorn). You can also visit the smallest and most southerly cinema in Scotland, Movies in Whithorn, which was set up from scratch by the local community and has since won a Rural Oscar for innovation, awarded by the Countryside Alliance.

Community spirit is a theme that runs throughout the area’s performing arts. Lochside Theatre in Castle Douglas is a popular and professionally equipped venue run entirely by volunteers. Likewise, Cinema is a community owned venture housed in a fabulous Art Deco building, showing recently released films and occasional live events.

Movie buffs might also be interested to know that Whithorn and Kirkcudbright were used as locations for the cult horror film, . Features of both towns can clearly be recognised in the film – though rest assured the local people are much more friendly in real life!

Kirkcudbright High Sreet © Timo

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 35 A Place of Inspiration

Striding Arches © Ted Leeming

Music

Composer James MacMillan was born in , , in 1959 and is regarded as one of the most successful composers of his generation. He first came to international recognition in 1990 after his work “The Confession of Isobel Gowdie” was performed at the BBC Proms.

Other musicians with local roots include Simon Neil, guitarist and lead singer of Biffy Clyro; Stuart Murdoch, singer-songwriter of Belle & Sebastian; and Mike Scott, lead singer of The Waterboys. Local people also recommend....

Places associated with Robert Burns, such as Robert Burns Birthplace Museum, The Burns Monument Centre and The Burns House Museum in . Adamson Square, the new town square in Creetown, with carvings by renowned Japanese sculptor Hideo Robert Burns statue Furuta, who made his home there.

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 36 A Place of Tranquillity

This section touches on the unique sense of tranquillity that can be experienced in the Biosphere – its dark skies, quiet roads, peaceful valleys, wild hilltops and more. Use this information to promote the area as place for “getting away from it all” and escaping the bustle of everyday life.

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 37 A Place of Tranquillity

Background information

The landscape of the Biosphere is often described as being an undiscovered “hidden gem” of southern Scotland. As illustrated throughout this Toolkit, it is a place of unspoilt natural beauty and inspirational scenery; a place where the pace of life is refreshingly unhurried; where it’s possible to feel a million miles from anywhere and enjoy a genuine sense of escape. The area’s geography of remote moorland, serene lochs, quiet woodlands and small settlements all contribute to its peaceful character. As does a relative lack of major transport routes, which keeps the roads quiet and the rumble of traffic to a minimum.

Fairy Glen © Phil McMenemy

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 38 A Place of Wildlife and Natural Beauty

Clatteringshaws Loch © Kim Ayres

The best places to experience the area’s l The hills of the Southern Uplands tranquillity are nearly always those that can be a challenging environment but you won’t find advertised in tourist offer the opportunity to experience brochures - the “secret” places that must some of the most remote and be discovered through personal exploration uninhabited country in the UK, where or the recommendations of local people. the only sounds will be the ‘mewing’ of However, a number of destinations make buzzards and the whistle of the wind. an effort to conserve and enhance their peaceful character, either by organising l Wild camping is permitted throughout special activities or simply by managing the the Biosphere (in accordance with the landscape in ways that benefit tranquillity. Scottish Outdoor Access Code), making Notable examples include: it an ideal destination for bushcraft and outdoor adventure. l Galloway Dark Sky Park is one of only l five in the world to be awarded Gold Wood of Cree Nature Reserve (near status for its complete darkness. It Newton Stewart) is the largest ancient offers unique opportunities for star- oak woodland in southern Scotland. gazing in the near total darkness at The Reserve offers a magical experience the heart of the Galloway forest and at for visitors, featuring gnarled trees, Scotland’s Dark Sky Observatory where tumbling streams and stunning over 7000 stars can be seen in the wildflowers – especially in spring when night sky, together with the spiral of the bluebells are in bloom and nesting Milky Way galaxy, which is clearly visible warblers can be heard singing in to the naked eye. the trees.

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 39 A Place of Tranquillity

l Fleet Valley National Scenic Area: well suited to people seeking a balance between easy access to the countryside and a desire to get off the beaten track and enjoy scenic walks. The landscape features coastline, moorland, ancient woodland, rivers, abundant wildlife and plenty of historical interest – all within a short distance of Gatehouse. l Rosnes benches: a series of 40 benches across the Biosphere, to be created as part of a public art project, which provide ideal places to take a break and soak up your surroundings.

Black Loch © Ted Leeming Local people also recommend....

The tranquillity of the first dark skies park in the UK at Galloway Forest Park.

Winter at Galloway Forest Park © Graeme Law

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 40 A Place of Recreation and Enjoyment

This section highlights the wealth of opportunities for recreation and quiet enjoyment that can be found within the Biosphere – from the challenge and excitement of outdoor pursuits, to slowing down and savouring the area’s relaxed pace of life. Use this section to help match the interests of your visitors with the variety of local activities on offer.

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Background information

Whatever your interests one thing is certain: there’s something for you to enjoy in the Biosphere. To some people it’s a landscape of adventure, a place to escape off the beaten track and enjoy nature up close, or perhaps seek new challenges and experiences, be they breathtaking or even hair-raising! To others it’s a landscape of culture, a place of events and celebrations – some loud and lively, others steeped in tradition and rooted in the heritage of local communities. From adrenaline sports to leisurely days out; from rock concerts to country fairs; from picnics on sandy beaches to the panoramic views of mountaintops. There’s a lot more to explore locally than you might think.

Wigtoown Booktown © Ian Biggar

Read on to learn more about Galloway and Southern Ayrshire as a place of recreation and enjoyment…

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 42 A Place of Recreation and Enjoyment

Biker on mountain © A McCandlish

Cycling and Mountain biking

The Biosphere is a great place for both on- and off-road cycling. The local road network - apart from the A75 - is relatively free from traffic and there are miles of quiet roads and trails to be enjoyed on two wheels satisfying the desires of those looking for a quiet sedate ride or a challenging adrenaline fuelled experience.

World-class mountain bike routes can be found at Kirroughtree and Glentrool, which form part of the trails: a collection of seven world-class mountain bike centres spanning the south of Scotland. Kirroughtree is home to some of the best technical singletrack routes in the country and was voted Mountain Bike Rider “Trail of the Year” in 2010. It is also a favourite family destination, offering a wide range of more accessible routes, a seasonal café and children’s play area. Alternatively, Glentrool offers a more wild experience through the heart of Galloway Forest with magnificent views of nearby lochs and hills. Families can enjoy leisurely trails around the picturesque Palnagashel Glen and Glencaird Hill, while more experienced riders can take the blue-grade route around Green Torr overlooking .

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 43 A Place of Recreation and Enjoyment

The town of Newton Stewart is one of the most popular destinations for cyclists of all abilities and interests, offering a wealth of opportunities for both off-road biking and cycle touring. National Cycle Route 7 passes through southern Ayrshire and the Galloway Forest Park heading eastward to Dumfries beyond the town, which is also home to a variety of bike hire, repair and accessory shops. Favourite rides include those around The Machars triangle between Newton Stewart, Glenluce and the Isle of Whithorn. Known locally as the “cyclists’ paradise”, The Machars offers marked routes on a maze of minor roads on relatively flat terrain, featuring a wealth of history, culture and wildlife, as well as spectacular views over mountain, moor and sea.

The “Ayrshire Alps” in South Carrick, near Girvan, have been the location for a number of major road cycling events in recent years and plans are underway to develop Scotland’s first road cycling park. The cycle-friendly roads and trails make for a tough cycling challenge at the north end of the Galloway Forest Park, where riders face no less than sixteen strenuous ascents!

Cycling at Gatehouse © Ian Biggar

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Walking

It’s no surprise that the Biosphere is a popular destination for walkers! The diversity and natural beauty of the landscape combine to offer a perfect setting for both leisurely strolls and more challenging hikes, with a rich variety of places to explore along the way. Some of the area’s most famous routes include: l River Ayr Way: Scotland’s first “source to sea” path network, which follows the route of the river 44 miles from to the coast at Ayr, taking in a variety of scenery from open moorland to shaded river gorges. l Southern Uplands Way: Scotland’s only coast-to-coast long distance footpath, running 212 miles from to Cockburnspath in the east. l Galloway Kite Trail: a popular vehicle route around Lock Ken, featuring birdwatching hides, a Red Kite feeding station, a summer visitor centre, trail-side sculptures, information panels and a series of short walks (including occasional guided events led by the RSPB).

Galloway © A Devlin

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 45 A Place of Recreation and Enjoyment

Winter at Galloway Forest Park © Graeme Law

l Rhins Coastal Trail: a leisurely path l The Robert Burns Heritage Trail: a along the coast from to fascinating journey around the cottages, Stranraer, linking north along Loch Ryan. townhouses, monuments and museums associated with Robert Burns. l Ayrshire Coastal Path: a popular route from Glenapp to Skelmorlie, running l The Robert the Bruce Trail: four along one of the finest panoramic fascinating trails, two of which centre coastlines in Britain – steeped in history on stories of Robert the Bruce within and teeming with wildlife. the Biosphere. l Merrick Hill Path (from Loch Trool): the There are also a number of local walking easiest route to the top of The Merrick, the festivals that are accessible to people of highest summit in Southern Scotland, which all ages and abilities. Examples include offers spectacular views over Galloway annual events held in and around Forest and on a clear day further afar to Newton Stewart (May) and Carrick (June- Northern Ireland and the . September).

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 46 A Place of Recreation and Enjoyment

Other outdoor activities

The Biosphere offers opportunities for just about every type of outdoor recreation. The area is home to a world-class Open Championship golf course at Turnberry. Sailing is a popular activity at Colvent, Girvan, Kirkcudbright, Portpatrick, Isle of Whithorn, Port Logan, and Stranraer. Opportunities for white water kayaking can be found at Ness Glen, while Sandgreen is the place to go for adrenaline-fuelled watersports such as speedboating and water skiing. Loch Ken is particularly popular for all forms of water sports including, sailing, water skiing, power boating and canoeing.

The area’s abundant rivers and lochs make fishing a popular local pastime, with numerous angling associations active in the area. Salmon fishing rights vary from area to area due to conservation measures, although fishing for sea trout is commonly permitted (the best time of year being spring). Visit www.FishPal.com for information on bookings.

© Ian Findlay

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The Biosphere’s rare and wonderful wildlife make it a haven for bird watching, with a wealth of opportunities available to both seasoned ‘twitchers’ and casual nature spotters alike. Birds commonly found in the area include geese, wildfowl, pied fly catchers and rarer species of raptors (birds of prey – see section on Wildlife and Natural Beauty for details). Some of the best places to experience local birdlife include Dalmellington, Loch Doon, Ness Glen, New Cumnock Wetlands, Airds Moss, Glen Afton, Blackcraig Hill, Trabboch Loch, Loch Ken and Ken Dee.

Horse riding is great way to experience the landscape of the Biosphere, with many local stables offering horses for hire as well as organising events for both families and experienced riders, covering popular activities such as trekking, hacking and trail riding. Popular destinations include Maidens and Barr, which offer treks along the beach and through forestry.

Fans of the Winter Olympic sport curling Endurance Riding Glen luce Bay © Ian Biggar (invented in Scotland during the 1500s) may wish to visit North West Castle Hotel in Stranraer, famous for its indoor curling rink and weekend tournaments. walks); and Laggan Outdoor Centre, Castle Douglas (home of the longest You can also enjoy a wide range of zip wire in the UK!). Outdoor events and guided outdoor activities within training courses are also provided by the the Biosphere, which are ideal for Adventure Centre for Education, a local families, community groups, schools charity offering a wide range of activities and businesses. Popular destinations including mountaineering, abseiling, include Galloway Activity Centre (on the bushcraft, canyoning and gorge walking, banks of Loch Ken); Dumfries House coasteering, kayaking, river tubeing and (offering family and dog-friendly guided mountain biking.

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 48 A Place of Recreation and Enjoyment

Leisurely days out

Of course you don’t have to get your boots muddy or your heart racing to enjoy the Biosphere! There are plenty of opportunities to enjoy leisurely days out visiting the towns and villages of the area, each with its own unique character and stories to tell. Popular places to visit include: l Culzean Castle: a full day out for all the family, featuring year-round events, guided walks and 600 acres of stunning scenery to explore. l Wigtown: Scotland’s National Book Town offering a variety of bookshops, fine 19th Century architecture and a public garden perfect for picnics and play. All set against a backdrop of stunning views across the surrounding landscape. l Girvan: a coastal town that has functioned as both a working port and seaside resort; famous for its spectacular cliffs, sandy beaches, real ale pubs and fine fish and chips!

Straiton Village © Leeming & Paterson

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l Maybole: the ancient capital of Carrick, l Bladnoch (near Wigtown): famous for known for its history of shoemaking its single malt whisky distillery (founded and views of the rolling Southern in 1817), which offers tours throughout Uplands hills. the year. l : popular walker’s l Creetown: home to the Creetown destination with great local walks and Heritage Centre and Gemrock Museum, even better hospitality. one of the finest private collections of gemstones, crystals, rocks and fossils in l Kirkoswald: the location of Souter the UK. Johnnie’s Cottage and AD Rattray Whisky Experience. l Monreith Animal World (Newton Stewart): a family-friendly open farm, l Straiton: a pretty conservation village offering an up-close and hands-on close to Galloway Forest Park making wildlife experience featuring otters, this is a popular destination for walkers. owls, chipmunks and a host of farmyard animals. Includes a circular walk, picnic l Barr: a conservation village set in a area and partial wheelchair access. stunning location, nestled amid the Carrick Hills beside the converging l Drumlanrig Castle: historic house Rivers Stinchar and Gregg. and gardens with guided tours, walks, country trails, cycle hire and the Scottish l Gatehouse of Fleet: a popular Cycle Museum featuring Kirkpatrick destination for families that offers Macmillans first peddle cycle. something for everyone – a rich heritage to explore; a mid-summer music festival; l David Coulthard Museum (near woodland walks with spring bluebell Kirkcudbright): a collection of blooms; and for those with a sweet memorabilia surrounding Formula One tooth: the Cream of Galloway ice cream driver, David Coulthard, who was born and Coco Bean Chocolate factories and brought up locally. Includes the (both are situated within a few miles of racing car in which he won the Monaca the town and feature their own visitor Grand Prix in 2006. centres, with fun – and tasty! – activities for children of all ages). l Whithorn heritage centre l Dalmellington: situated close to the picturesque Loch Doon, the village has a rich history of weaving and mining as well as offering easy access to walking, fishing and watersports in the surrounding landscape.

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Local events

The Biosphere is home to many vibrant communities hosting a range of events throughout the year. Local galas and pageants are popular during the summer months and provide opportunity for local people and visitors to join in celebrating what’s special about the landscape: its communities, culture, traditions and produce. Galas are always family-friendly events and typically feature a range of attractions, including stalls, fairground rides, picnics, games, guided walks, marching bands and more. Most towns host an annual gala (usually in July or August), with examples including those of Dunure and Girvan Harbours, Gatehouse of Fleet, Sanquhar, Kirkpatrick, Thornhill, Port William, Kirkcudbright, Borgue and Glenuce Annual Games deserves special mention for its long history, which dates back over 130 years and continues to feature a range of rural sporting events, finishing with a famous fancy dress parade and dance.

Music festivals also play an important part in community life, with annual attractions including the Girvan Folk Festival (May), Gatehouse Midsummer Music and Kirkcudbright Jazz Festival (both in June), and the Wickerman Festival (July): a celebration of contemporary alternative music, likened to a smaller version of the .

Dragon Boats Loch Ken © Ian Biggar

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 51 A Place of Recreation and Enjoyment

Stewarty Show © Keith Kirk

Numerous agricultural and horticultural Walking Festival (May), one of the largest shows celebrate the links between events of its kind in Southern Scotland. people and the landscape, while Other activities catering for outdoor providing opportunity to learn about interests include the Riding of the the environment and how it’s managed. Marches horse riding festival (which takes Galloway Country Fair (August at place across several towns and villages, Drumlanrig Castle) is one of Scotland’s including Kirkcudbright and Sanquhar), the most successful country events. Other Dumfries and Galloway Wildlife Festival agri- and horticultural shows include (a two weeks programme of events in Ayr County Fair (May), Ayr Flower Show March/April) and the Gatehouse of Fleet (August) and those held in , Snowdrop Festival (an annual celebration Glenkens and Wigtown (August). to mark the appearance of snowdrops in Cally Woods, usually held in February). The area’s popularity with hikers has given rise to a variety of walking festivals, Other miscellaneous events taking place which provide opportunity for walkers annually include the ‘Burns an’ a’ That!’ of all abilities to socialise, swap stories, Festival (May/June), Wigtown Book Festival enjoy guided activities and experience the (September/October), Dumfries & Galloway landscape in new ways. Perhaps the most Arts Festival (May/June) and Spring Fling popular is the week-long Newton Stewart (May/June).

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 52 A Place of Recreation and Enjoyment

Local people also recommend....

Walks along the River Afton, the River Mauchline Village, which gives it name Nith and at Ness Glen. to Mauchline Ware (wooden antique collectibles), and has a great curling stone The Galloway Kite trail around Loch Ken, collection with a great curator. including the feeding station at Bellymack Hill Farm near Laurieston, which is out of A visit to Creetown Heritage Centre this world! You get to see the kites being Local events such as: fed and see the other animals on the farm. Moniaive folk festival during May. The kites are exceptional and the staff Ayr flower show. really knowledgeable. Irvine Valley walking festival. The challenge of walking up Merrick, the highest mountain in the Southern Uplands The River Ayr walking group which meet of southern Scotland. each Tuesday The Rascarrel Bay to Auchencain coastal walk. Beach walks at Monreith and marked trails on Girvan Beach. The Carlisle to Glasgow portion of National Cycleway 7, which follows the Ayrshire coast and passes through Castle Douglas, Newton Stewart and Glen Trool Forest. The great cycle paths in Galloway Forest Park and excellent mountain biking along the Forest tracks at Glen Trool. Taking in the views whilst cycling from Straiton to Glentrool and along the Dunure Fishing Village Kirroughtree cycle trails. Activities for older children and adults at Laggan Outdoor Centre at Gatehouse of Fleet. Abernethy Barcaple Adventure Centre. Mabie Farm Park. The village of Carsphairn on the road between Ayr and Castle Douglas and the small coastal villages of Ballantrae, , Sandyhills and Southerness. The interpretive centre and tea rooms at Clatteringshaws Loch in Galloway Forest Park. Merrick Mountain © Dave Dunford The harbour at the Dunure Fishing Village.

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 53 A Place of Local Produce

This section describes the range of regional produce that the Biosphere is famous for, which reflects the diversity of the landscape itself – from its fertile pastures to unspoilt waterways and coastline. Use this information to promote the links between a high quality environment and high quality produce.

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 54 A Place of Local Produce

Background information

It’s no wonder that the Biosphere is home to numerous farmers and food producers. The quality and diversity of the environment makes it an ideal place for growing, rearing and producing a wide range of foods – from milk and cheese to meat and game; from Ayrshire Tatties to Galloway Pippin; from the finest smoked salmon to the smoothest malt whisky - all of which are infused with the unique flavours and characteristics of this special landscape.

© A Devlin

Read on to learn more about Galloway and Southern Ayrshire as a place of local produce…

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 55 A Place of Local Produce

© A Devlin

Famous foods

Galloway and Southern Ayrshire is famous for its food produce, much of which is unique to the region and recognised around the world for its quality and local flavour. The area is perhaps best known for its dairy produce, with local milk being a key ingredient in the success of local brands including Cream o’ Galloway Ice Cream, Rowan Glen Yoghurt and McLelland Cheeses.

Linked to the area’s dairy industry is its reputation for producing high quality beef cattle, including heritage breeds such as the Belted Galloway (or ‘Beltie’ for short): a shaggy-coated breed that is well adapted to living on the upland pastures and windswept moorlands of the region. Belted Galloways are primarily raised for their quality marbled beef, although they are sometimes milked or simply kept to adorn pastures due to their striking appearance. Other specialist meats produced locally include heritage breeds of lamb, mutton and pork, as well as game birds such as grouse – an industry that supports a variety of small businesses using traditional methods.

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 56 A Place of Wildlife and Natural Beauty

One of the region’s most famous farm game fish, which reflect the high quality crops is the Ayrshire Potato or ‘Ayrshire waters of the landscape. Wigtown Bay has Tatty’, which comes into season between a long heritage of fishing which continues June and September and provides some to this day, as do Creetown, Innerwell Port of the earliest new potatoes grown in () and Carsluith. Local catches include Scotland. Ayrshire Tatties are known lobster, langoustine, sea trout and salmon. for their earthy, sweet flavour and are regarded as being a “true Scottish Other notable produce includes the potato”. They are typically grown close Galloway Pippin, a renowned high quality to the coast where they benefit from the cooking apple originating from the area warming waters of the Gulf Stream – the around Wigtown (commonly used in pies town of Girvan has famously been a focus and pastries). The landscape is also known for growing the potato since the 1850s. for its whisky, such as that produced by the Bladnoch Distillery, which draws on The Biosphere’s coastline, rivers and lochs the clean water of the River Bladnoch in are home to rich stocks of shellfish and producing high quality single malts.

Bladnoch Distillery © Keith Kirk

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 57 A Place of Local Produce

© A Devlin

Shopping for good quality ingredients

The Biosphere is home to a variety of independent food shops and farmers markets, all of which offer a warm welcome to visitors and are great places to find fresh local ingredients – as well as meet the people with a passion for producing them. l Regular farmers’ markets at Ayr, Ballantrae, Creetown, Cumnock, Gatehouse of Fleet, Girvan, Glenkens, Moffat and Wigtown. l Catrine Farm Shop and Ice Cream Parlour (near Mauchline): set on the route of the River Ayr Walk, this Scandinavian style log house serves a variety of award-winning traditional ice cream made using fresh milk and cream from their own herd of pedigree Ayrshire cows. l Galloway Farmhouse Cheeses: a local company making the Cairnsmore range of cheeses using organic sheep, cow and goat’s milk. Available from the farm shop – “Ewe to You” – at Millairies Farm, Sorbie.

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 58 A Place of Local Produce

l Galloway Lodge Preserves: a family run l Cream o’Galloway: award winning company in Gatehouse-of-Fleet, devoted to producers of quality ice cream, using making delicious marmalades, jams, chutneys, milk produced by their own cows and jellies and mustard for over 30 years. only natural and simple ingredients. Includes a shop and visitors’ centre. l Castle Douglas Food Town: one of the area’s main shopping destinations, l Dalduff Farm: a family run business Castle Douglas offers a range of at Crosshill by Maybole, selling quality traditional and speciality food shops, as local meat selected by the farm’s well as other attractions. butchers, and classic dishes prepared by the kitchen. l Marrbury Smokehouse (at ): a family-run enterprise l Dowhill Country Fayre: farm shop producing fine quality Wild Cree smoked and restaurant based at Dowhill Farm salmon as well as peppered duck, in Girvan, offering a choice of home smoked scallops, chicken and venison. grown, seasonal produce and traditional Includes an on-site shop and bistro. farmhouse cooking. l Galloway Smokehouse: another high l Barwheys and Loch Arthur Dairies: quality smokehouse in the Carlsluith both award winning makers of area, offering a wide range of smoked traditional cheeses, using milk from fish, shellfish, meats and cheeses. their own diaries. Visitors are welcome with fresh produce and hampers available to buy on site.

© A Devlin

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 59 A Place of Local Produce

Local people also recommend....

Sulwath Brewers, a fine local brewery. Thomas Tosh for great food and wine. Lots of yummy food at Green Tea Room. Castle Douglas for food shopping. Lochside Hotel for good food and atmosphere. Great food and restaurants such as Wildings and Souter Johnnie’s. The perfect, ethical treat of Cream o’ Galloway ice cream with a fantastic selection of ice cream plus adventure (and their fab disabled facilities)!

Cocoabean factory, a top place for kids. © A Devlin Balmoral Mill Shop. The Som Inn for fantastic food and a great welcome. ‘Many thanks’ gift shop in Mauchline. Hayes Garden Land and Nurseries Direct for excellent food. Poosie Nancy’s tavern in Mauchline. Kirkmichael Inn, now transformed from an empty shell to a bustling local pub, with comfy interior, log burner, real ales and exciting fresh menu. Kitty’s tearoom, New Galloway, a wonderful place to eat. © A Devlin Fabulous food at the Little Italy bistro in Moniaive.

Sheep © A Devlin

Sense of Place Toolkit Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere 60