360 Persoonia – Volume 45, 2020

Lactifluus lactiglaucus Fungal Planet description sheets 361

Fungal Planet 1159 – 19 December 2020

Lactifluus lactiglaucus P. Leonard & Dearnaley, sp. nov.

Etymology. lactiglaucus means green milk and refers to the colour of the thin-walled, narrowly clavate, 50–60 × 8–10 µm, extending latex. 10–15 µm beyond basidia. Cheilocystidia numerous, similar Classification — , Agaricales, . to pleurocystidia, forming an almost sterile layer along the gill edge. Pileipellis an unusual type of ixocutis, resembling Pileus centrally depressed to infundibuliform, 60–100 mm diam; the hyphoepithelium illustrated (G on page 21) by Hielmann- surface dry, slightly velutinate, sometimes rugulose, usually with Clausen et al. (1998), hyphae in suprapellis only 3–4 µm wide. dirt adhering, azonate, white with some buff colouration at cen- No lactifers seen in suprapellis. tre; margins in-rolled at first. Lamellae subdecurrent, crowded, Habitat & Distribution — Gregarious in wet sclerophyll forest anastomosing, off-white, very narrow (< 2 mm), turning slowly amongst leaf litter under Eucalyptus spp. So far only known greenish on bruising and finally dirty brownish after some hours, from three sites in south east Queensland. lamellulae absent. Stipe cylindrical, 40–60 × 12–18 mm, gla- Typus. Australia, Queensland, Lamington National Park, 30 Mar. 2019, brous, stout, very solid, white, green blotched if injured. Flesh P. Leonard, (holotype PL640319 in BRI, ITS sequence GenBank MW007669, white, thick, exuding a thick latex. Latex white, quickly turning MycoBank MB837537). greyish green to pistachio green (29D4-5; Korner­up & Wanscher Additional materials examined. Australia, Queensland, Bellthorpe, 21 Jan. 1978), turning orange or yellow with KOH. Smell of honey or 1985, T. Young, AQ646335 (BRI); New South Wales, Bald Rock National baked bananas. Spore print white. Spores subglobose, a few Park, 10 Apr. 2015, P. Leonard, PL630415 (BRI). broadly ellipsoid, 6.8–8.4 × 5.5–7.4 µm, av. 7.3 ± 0.4 × 6.4 ± 0.5 µm, Q = 1.04–1.3, Qav = 1.15 ± 0.06; ornamentation of Notes — This robust white with hot peppery milk low, slowly amyloid warts with fine lines joined to them like fla- that turns pistachio green should be readily recognised in the gella, forming a partial reticulum; plage inamyloid, 2 μm (some field, yet it is only known from three collections. The earliest spores remaining inamyloid at least in dried material). Basidia collection was identified as L. pergamenus, a synonym for the narrowly clavate, 45–50 × 6–8 µm, sterigmata 2–3 µm long, European species L. glaucescens. The European species is 2- and 4-spored basidia present. Pleurocystidia numerous, found in deciduous forests on calcareous soils and is said to be rather rare despite being reported from Northern Europe, North Lactifluus_albopicri_MEL2358392_AU America and Japan. The Queensland collections are distinct, Lactifluus_albopicri_MEL238012_AU Lactifluus_albopicri_AQ808493_AU being found with Eucalyptus s.lat. in wet sclerophyll forests. Lactifluus_albopicri_MEL2044045_AU2 Lactifluus_albopicri_MEL2358395_AU Morphologically they are distinguished by more abundant Lactifluus_albopicri_MEL2238215_JET916_AU Lactifluus_albopicri_MEL2238214_AU milk that is almost immediately green and microscopically by Lactifluus_albopicri_MEL2358396_AU the spores that are more globose than the European species. Lactifluus_albopicri_MEL2030453_AU Lactifluus_albopicri_MEL2037557_TWM1381_AU Its separation from the European collections is supported by Lactifluus_albopicri_MEL2358394_TLe14_AU Lactifluus_albopicri_MEL2238277_LTe13_AU our molecular analysis that places it in the same as the Lactifluus_albopicri_CD589_Au Lactifluus_albopicri_MEL2044045_AU recently published L. austropiperatus and L. albopicrus (Crous Lactifluus_albopicri_MEL2297391_JET1203_AU Lactifluus_albopicri_MEL2371822_AU et al. 2020a). Lactifluus_albopicri_MEL2358395_TLe1123_AU Lactifluus_albopicri_MDBF12_18_AU There appear to be at least four Lactifluus species in section Lactifluus_albopicri_DS69_Bald_Rock Lactifluus_aff._piperatus_KF220078_Thailand Piperates in Australia. They all have predominantly white fruit- Lactifluus_aff._piperatus_KF220095_India Lactifluus_aff._piperatus_KF220105_Vietnam ing bodies, crowded gills, hot to acrid tasting latex, and spores Lactifluus_aff._piperatus_KF220100_Thailand

Lactifluus_piperatus_KF220037_France with low (< 0.5 µm) ornamentation. Lactifluus lactiglaucus is the Lactarius_piperatus_KF220081_Denmark Lactarius_piperatus_KF220089_France most readily recognised on account of its green latex. Lactifluus_aff._piperatus_KF220102_Thailand Lactifluus_aff._piperatus_KF220112_Thailand Lactifluus_piperatus_KF220287_Belgium Lactifluus_austropiperatus_PERTH07550324_AU Lactifluus_austropiperatus_MEL2202701_AU Lactifluus_austropiperatus_AQ808481_AU Lactifluus_austropiperatus_Thiele2074_TLe1124_AU Lactifluus_dwaliensis_KF220111_Thailand Lactifluus_austropiperatus_ALV18132_Linda_Garrett Lactifluus_austropiperatus_ALV20037_Lamington Lactifluus_lactiglaucus_ALV18134_Bald_Rock Lactifluus_lactiglaucus_ALV20260_Lamington Lactifluus_aff._glaucescens_KF220049_USA Lactifluus_lactiglaucus_FG016IT_AU Lactifluus_leucophaeus_KF220058_PNG Lactifluus_leucophaeus_KF220058_Indonesia Lactifluus_leucophaeus_KF220059_Thailand Lactifluus_leucophaeus_GU258299_PNG Lactifluus_aff._glaucescens_KF220045_N._America Lactifluus_aff._glaucescens_KF220047_N._America Lactifluus_glaucescens_GU258298_Thailand Lactifluus_aff._glaucescens_KF220044_N._America Lactifluus_glaucescens_KF220070_Belgium Lactifluus_aff._glaucescens_KF220054_Thailand Lactifluus_glaucescens_KF220062_France Lactifluus_glaucescens_KF220025_Germany Lactifluus_aff._glaucescens_KF220103_Vietnam Lactifluus_aff._glaucescens_KF220051_Thailand Russula_nigricans_AF418607 Phylogenetic tree: Maximum likelihood tree of the ITS-nrDNA for a selection

0.09 of Lactifluus species, aligned using MUSCLE and constructed using MEGA X. Colour illustrations. Wet sclerophyll forest in south-east Queensland. Lower right sporocarp (holotype); lower centre right abundant green latex; lower centre left subglobose spores with low ornamentation; lower left pileipellis. Scale bars = 10 µm. All photos © Patrick Leonard.

Patrick Leonard, P.O. Box 1193, Buderim 4556 Queensland, Australia; e-mail: [email protected] John D.W. Dearnaley, Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia; e-mail: [email protected]

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