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Appendix L: Oak Savanna Definition
Appendix L: Oak Savanna Definition Appendix L: Oak Savanna Definition Working Definition of “Savanna” for shaded environments under trees, shifting as the tree canopy becomes more open or closed. Herba- Restoration Efforts at Crane Meadows ceous species typical of prairie and forest co-occur; NWR in addition to a set of very specific savanna species (see lists below) that have high fidelity to this com- General Definition of Southern Dry Savanna: munity type (Texler Personal commun., Drobney Personal commun. (Buchanan 1996). This spatial Savanna habitat at Crane Meadows NWR, like variation within the understory is a function of the savanna across its range, is a fire-dependent, varying degrees of species tolerance to shade and dynamic community characterized by scattered sun. Forbs are an essential component of the under trees or groves of trees, mostly comprised of oaks - story. Another important component of savanna (Quercus sp.) with a canopy cover ranging from 10– 70%, but more typically between 25-50%; and a understory is the shrub layer. The understory of basal area (BA) of 5-50 sq ft / acre. A wide range is savanna on the Anoka Sandplain, including those at Crane Meadows NWR, can be present with or with- used because canopy cover is not the most impor- tant characteristic that defines savanna and also out shrubs. The extent of shrub density is depen- because savanna ecosystems are dynamic and are dent on the subtype savanna classification and the frequency of fire (Law et al. 1994, Swanson 2008, associated with a natural range of variation through space and time. -
Implications of Climate Change for Food-Caching Species
Demographic and Environmental Drivers of Canada Jay Population Dynamics in Algonquin Provincial Park, ON by Alex Odenbach Sutton A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Alex O. Sutton, April 2020 ABSTRACT Demographic and Environmental Drivers of Canada Jay Population Dynamics in Algonquin Provincial Park, ON Alex Sutton Advisor: University of Guelph, 2020 Ryan Norris Knowledge of the demographic and environmental drivers of population growth throughout the annual cycle is essential to understand ongoing population change and forecast future population trends. Resident species have developed a suite of behavioural and physiological adaptations that allow them to persist in seasonal environments. Food-caching is one widespread behavioural mechanism that involves the deferred consumption of a food item and special handling to conserve it for future use. However, once a food item is stored, it can be exposed to environmental conditions that can either degrade or preserve its quality. In this thesis, I combine a novel framework that identifies relevant environmental conditions that could cause cached food to degrade over time with detailed long-term demographic data collected for a food-caching passerine, the Canada jay (Perisoreus canadensis), in Algonquin Provincial Park, ON. In my first chapter, I develop a framework proposing that the degree of a caching species’ susceptibility to climate change depends primarily on the duration of storage and the perishability of food stored. I then summarize information from the field of food science to identify relevant climatic variables that could cause cached food to degrade. -
Black Oak Savanna Nature Centres 5 Summer Camp Sign-Up 6 by Kevin Tupman Oak Savanna
THE GRAND STRATEGY NEWSLETTER Volume 15, Number 3 - May-June 2010 Grand River The Grand: Conservation A Canadian Authority Heritage River Feature Fire restores a rare savanna forest 1 Milestones Byng island’s 50th 2 Look Who’s Taking Action Caring for bluebirds 3 Swallow habitat 4 Rotary forest 5 Fire restores a rare forest: What’s happening New programs at black oak savanna nature centres 5 Summer camp sign-up 6 By Kevin Tupman oak savanna. Older oaks now existing within the SWP update 6 Natural Heritage Specialist area are a testament to the vision, progressive for Grand River a grand its time, expressed in the master plan. place to paddle 7 ost people know that some plants and ani- Fire is necessary because this rare ecosystem Water festival photo 7 Mmals are at risk, such as the bald eagle and is sustained by fire. Historically, fire resulted American ginseng, but not many people realize from either lightning or aboriginal inhabitants. Now Available that communities such as forests, can also be at Fire ensures that savanna areas do not turn into Grand new risk. dense forests. Only trees with a high tolerance fishing book 7 It is true that sugar maple woodlots and pine for fire, such as the black oak, are able to sur- plantations are commonplace. However, the vive. European settlers cleared much of the savanna Calendar 8 GRCA is restoring one of the rarest of forests — for agriculture. They also suppressed the fires. a black oak savanna close to Apps’ Mill in Brant This meant that surviving pockets of savanna Cover photo County. -
Conservation Status of Birds of Prey and Owls in Norway
Conservation status of birds of prey and owls in Norway Oddvar Heggøy & Ingar Jostein Øien Norsk Ornitologisk Forening 2014 NOF-BirdLife Norway – Report 1-2014 © NOF-BirdLife Norway E-mail: [email protected] Publication type: Digital document (pdf)/75 printed copies January 2014 Front cover: Boreal owl at breeding site in Nord-Trøndelag. © Ingar Jostein Øien Editor: Ingar Jostein Øien Recommended citation: Heggøy, O. & Øien, I. J. (2014) Conservation status of birds of prey and owls in Norway. NOF/BirdLife Norway - Report 1-2014. 129 pp. ISSN: 0805-4932 ISBN: 978-82-78-52092-5 Some amendments and addenda have been made to this PDF document compared to the 75 printed copies: Page 25: Picture of snowy owl and photo caption added Page 27: Picture of white-tailed eagle and photo caption added Page 36: Picture of eagle owl and photo caption added Page 58: Table 4 - hen harrier - “Total population” corrected from 26-147 pairs to 26-137 pairs Page 60: Table 5 - northern goshawk –“Total population” corrected from 1434 – 2036 pairs to 1405 – 2036 pairs Page 80: Table 8 - Eurasian hobby - “Total population” corrected from 119-190 pairs to 142-190 pairs Page 85: Table 10 - peregrine falcon – Population estimate for Hedmark corrected from 6-7 pairs to 12-13 pairs and “Total population” corrected from 700-1017 pairs to 707-1023 pairs Page 78: Photo caption changed Page 87: Last paragraph under “Relevant studies” added. Table text increased NOF-BirdLife Norway – Report 1-2014 NOF-BirdLife Norway – Report 1-2014 SUMMARY Many of the migratory birds of prey species in the African-Eurasian region have undergone rapid long-term declines in recent years. -
Robert Grau Memorial Oak Savanna Trail Guide
Robert Grau Robert Grau was a forester and a true conservationist. He was a charter member of Robert Grau the Clayton County Conservation Board from 1958-1978, and he was one of the first to Memorial Oak reconstruct a prairie in Clayton County in the late 1970's . The reconstruction of Savanna Trail this Oak Savanna is dedicated to his memory. Guide 29862 Osborne Road Elkader, IA 52043 Clayton County (563)-245-1516 Robert Grau with his son and grandsons Conservation Board Welcome! Prairie Reconstruction Oak Savanna Welcome to the Robert Grau Memorial Oak As you make your way up the first hill, you’ll notice a At the top of the hill, you have a good view of the oak Savanna and Trail! Use this brochure to help large open prairie off to the right. Prairie was once savanna. Savannas are open landscapes of widely guide you along the trail. We hope you enjoy common in NE Iowa. The original spaced, broad-crowned trees and a diverse mix of your visit! prairie around the village of Motor shrubs, grasses, and wildflowers. Once common in was turned into farmland when the NE Iowa’s hills and river valleys, savannas are now Limestone Kiln Klink family bought Motor Mill and rare, due to land use change for farming and building. At the beginning of the trail next to the road, just past surrounding buildings in 1903. the Cooperage, is where a lime kiln was once located. Clayton County Conservation Limestone Quarry acquired the site in 1983 and has The kiln would have been used during the late 1860’s Once at the top of the hill, you will notice a large since restored this area to prairie when Motor Mill was being constructed. -
Community Abstract Oak Openings
Oak Openings CommunityOak Openings,Abstract Page 1 Historical Range Prevalent or likely prevalent Infrequent or likely infrequent Photo by Michael A. Kost Absent or likely absent Overview: Oak openings is a fire-dependent, savanna climatic tension zone. In the 1800s, oak openings were type dominated by oaks, having between 10 and located in the south-central Lower Peninsula of Michigan 60% canopy, with or without a shrub layer. The on sandy glacial outwash and coarse-textured moraines predominantly graminoid ground layer is composed (Wing 1937, Comer et al. 1995, NatureServe 2004). Oak of species associated with both prairie and forest openings occurred within the range of bur oak plains communities. Oak openings are found on dry-mesic and oak barrens, with oak openings dominating more on loams and occur typically on level to rolling topography dry-mesic to mesic soils, bur oak plains occupying more of outwash and coarse-textured end moraines. Oak mesic, flat sites in the southwestern part of the Lower openings have been nearly extirpated from Michigan; Peninsula, and oak barrens thriving on droughty sites. only two small examples have been documented. These similar oak savanna types often graded into each other. Oak openings were historically documented in Global and State Rank: G1/S1 the following counties: Allegan, Barry, Berrien, Branch, Calhoun, Cass, Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Hillsdale, Range: Oak savanna1 and prairie communities reached Ingham, Ionia, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Kent, Lapeer, their maximum coverage in Michigan approximately Lenawee, Livingston, Macomb, Montcalm, Monroe, 4,000-6,000 years ago, when post-glacial climatic Newaygo, Oakland, Ottawa, Shiawassee, St. Joseph, Van conditions were comparatively warm and dry. -
Owls.1. Newton, I. 2002. Population Limitation in Holarctic Owls. Pp. 3-29
Owls.1. Newton, I. 2002. Population limitation in Holarctic Owls. Pp. 3-29 in ‘Ecology and conservation of owls’, ed. I. Newton, R. Kavenagh, J. Olsen & I. Taylor. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia. POPULATION LIMITATION IN HOLARCTIC OWLS IAN NEWTON Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Monks Wood, Abbots Ripton, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire PE28 2LS, United Kingdom. This paper presents an appraisal of research findings on the population dynamics, reproduction and survival of those Holarctic Owl species that feed on cyclically-fluctuating rodents or lagomorphs. In many regions, voles and lemmings fluctuate on an approximate 3–5 year cycle, but peaks occur in different years in different regions, whereas Snowshoe Hares Lepus americanus fluctuate on an approximate 10-year cycle, but peaks tend to be synchronised across the whole of boreal North America. Owls show two main responses to fluctuations in their prey supply. Resident species stay on their territories continuously, but turn to alternative prey when rodents (or lagomorphs) are scarce. They survive and breed less well in low than high rodent (or lagomorph) years. This produces a lag in response, so that years of high owl densities follow years of high prey densities (examples: Barn Owl Tyto alba, Tawny Owl Strix aluco, Ural Owl S. uralensis). In contrast, preyspecific nomadic species can breed in different areas in different years, wherever prey are plentiful. They thus respond more or less immediately by movement to change in prey-supply, so that their local densities can match the local food-supply at the time, with minimum lag (examples: Short-eared Owl: Asio flammeus, Long-eared Owl A. -
Federal Register/Vol. 76, No. 198
63720 Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 198 / Thursday, October 13, 2011 / Proposed Rules DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR and Wildlife Service, Oregon Fish and sent a letter to Noah Greenwald, Center Wildlife Office, 2600 S.E. 98th Ave., for Biological Diversity, acknowledging Fish and Wildlife Service Suite 100, Portland, OR 97266; our receipt of the petition and providing telephone 503–231–6179; facsimile our determination that emergency 50 CFR Part 17 503–231–6195. Please submit any new listing was not warranted for the species [Docket No. FWS–R1–ES–2008–0086; information, materials, comments, or at that time. 92210–5008–3922–10–B2] questions concerning this finding to the On October 28, 2008, we published a above street address. 90-day finding for the dusky tree vole in Endangered and Threatened Wildlife FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Paul the Federal Register (73 FR 63919). We and Plants; 12-Month Finding on a Henson, Ph.D., Field Supervisor, U.S. found that the petition presented Petition To List a Distinct Population Fish and Wildlife Service, Oregon Fish substantial information indicating that Segment of the Red Tree Vole as and Wildlife Office (see ADDRESSES listing one of the following three entities Endangered or Threatened section). If you use a as endangered or threatened may be telecommunications device for the deaf warranted: AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, (1) The dusky tree vole subspecies of (TDD), call the Federal Information Interior. the red tree vole; ACTION: Notice of 12-month petition Relay Service (FIRS) at 800–877–8339. (2) The North Oregon Coast DPS of finding. -
Functional Phenology of a Texas Post Oak Savanna from a CHRIS PROBA Time Series
remote sensing Article Functional Phenology of a Texas Post Oak Savanna from a CHRIS PROBA Time Series Michael J. Hill 1,2,* , Andrew Millington 2 , Rebecca Lemons 1 and Cherie New 1 1 Department of Earth System Science and Policy, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; [email protected] (R.L.); [email protected] (C.N.) 2 College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia; andrew.millington@flinders.edu.au * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-413161853 Received: 19 September 2019; Accepted: 13 October 2019; Published: 15 October 2019 Abstract: Remnant midwestern oak savannas in the USA have been altered by fire suppression and the encroachment of woody evergreen trees and shrubs. The Gus Engeling Wildlife Management Area (GEWMA) near Palestine, Texas represents a relatively intact southern example of thickening and evergreen encroachment in oak savannas. In this study, 18 images from the CHRIS/PROBA (Compact High-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer/Project for On-Board Autonomy) sensor were acquired between June 2009 and October 2010 and used to explore variation in canopy dynamics among deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs, and savanna grassland in seasonal leaf-on and leaf-off conditions. Nadir CHRIS images from the 11 useable dates were processed to surface reflectance and a selection of vegetation indices (VIs) sensitive to pigments, photosynthetic efficiency, and canopy water content were calculated. An analysis of temporal VI phenology was undertaken using a fishnet polygon at 90 m resolution incorporating tree densities from a classified aerial photo and soil type polygons. -
Factors Related with the Distribution of Ural Owl Strix Uralensis Macroura in Eastern Romania
NORTH-WESTERN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 14 (2): 193-198 ©NWJZ, Oradea, Romania, 2018 Article No.: e161603 http://biozoojournals.ro/nwjz/index.html Factors related with the distribution of Ural owl Strix uralensis macroura in Eastern Romania Lucian Eugen BOLBOACĂ1,*, Iulian IORDACHE2 and Constantin ION3 1. Department of Biology, Ecology and Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Engineering and Informatics, “Vasile Goldiș” Western University of Arad, Romania. 2. Faculty of Geography, “Al. I. Cuza” University of Iași, Romania. 3. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, “Al. I. Cuza” University of Iași, Romania. *Corresponding author, L. Bolboacă, E-mail: [email protected] Received: 27. November 2015 / Accepted: 07. March 2016 / Available online: 31. March 2016 / Printed: December 2018 Abstract. Abstract. Ural owl has been poorly studied in Romania, where its distribution is only partially known. Based on 308 acoustic point-count stations across Eastern Romania, we investigated, a total of 87 Ural owls potential territories where detected. We employed a Boosted Tree Regression (BRT) to analyse the influence of 29 variables regarding the climate, disturbances and habitat over species distribution. The best predictor on the occurrence of Ural owls in the study area was forest age. Ural owl showed a high association with glades and forests with trees older than 80 years, while young forests and undergrowth were used much less. The species also showed a tendency to avoid forest edges and steep slopes. Key words: habitat, raptor, forests, Ural owl, distribution. Introduction be inaccurate. In its southern distribution range, Ural owls seem to pre- Ural owl Strix uralensis is one of the three European owls of fer old forest, far from human settlements (Mikkola 1983, the Strix genus. -
Bur Oak Savanna
Bur Oak Savanna 1992 Bur oak savanna remnants exist in the southern half of WNT. Native herbaceous vegetation typical of savanna exists in the understory and will serve as a fuel base for future prescribed burns. 1993 Much interest has been generated in savannas as a topic. In February 1993, the first North American Oak Savanna Conference was held in Chicago, Illinois. Refuge Biologist Drobney was a participant in an effort to share information and to draft a Midwest Savanna Ecosystem Recovery Plan. During the same conference, interest was generated in WNT’s savannas that have mesic to wet-mesic characteristics. Most of the current information about savannas has been derived from sand savannas. Sand savannas have been more likely to survive because they are less suited to agriculture and therefore less a subject to the plow. In addition, invasive woody species often tend to develop more slowly in dry sandy areas resulting in a longer time period prior to canopy closure. In some areas on WNT, prairie cord grass and other moisture loving species occur in the oak understory on hillsides associated with seeps. In other areas, savannas occur in relatively low moist areas. WNT, therefore, is potentially an important study site that could yield a better understanding of a once common kind of Midwestern oak savanna that is poorly understood and largely obliterated. 1998 In 1998, we cleared approximately 3 acres of trees in natural community remnants including Thorn Valley Savanna, Coneflower Prairie, Buzzard Head, and Don’s II. 1999 Hundreds of orchids of three species including twayblade (Liparis liliifolia), showy orchis (Galearis spectabilis), and nodding ladies’ tresses (Spiranthes cernua) were manifest and blooming profusely in summer of 1999 in the Buzzard Head Prairie remnant. -
East Central Plains (Post Oak Savanna)
TEXAS CONSERVATION ACTION PLAN East Central Texas Plains (Post Oak Savanna) ECOREGION HANDBOOK August 2012 Citing this document: Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. 2012. Texas Conservation Action Plan 2012 – 2016: East Central Texas Plains Handbook. Editor, Wendy Connally, Texas Conservation Action Plan Coordinator. Austin, Texas. Contents SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 HOW TO GET INVOLVED ............................................................................................................................... 2 OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 RARE SPECIES and COMMUNITIES .............................................................................................................. 13 PRIORITY HABITATS ..................................................................................................................................... 13 ISSUES ......................................................................................................................................................... 19 CONSERVATION ACTIONS ........................................................................................................................... 28 ECOREGION HANDBOOK FIGURES Figure 1. ECPL Ecoregion with County Boundaries ......................................................................................