LIBERTY WATCH Legislative Report Card 2017–2018 Session About Liberty Watch The ACLU of North Carolina’s legislative report card, Liberty Watch, shows how state lawmakers voted on key legislation affecting civil rights and civil liberties during the 2017-2018 legislative session.

This report documents the final recorded votes on six pieces of legislation that concerned, respectively, LGBTQ equality, voting rights, privacy rights, juvenile justice reform, and immigrants’ rights. The ACLU of North Carolina took a position on every piece of legislation covered by this scorecard, including those receiving votes in the full House and the full Senate. About the ACLU of North Carolina Since 1965, the ACLU of North Carolina has been our state’s guardian of liberty – working in courts, the General Assembly, and communities to protect and advance civil rights and civil liberties for all North Carolinians. A nonprofit, nonpartisan organization with more than 30,000 members across the state, the ACLU of North Carolina is a state affiliate of the national American Civil Liberties Union.

Visit acluofnorthcarolina.org to learn more.

2 LGBTQ EQUALITY House Bill 142: “H.B. 2 Replacement” ACLU position: Opposed Status: Became law, signed by the governor

Widespread public backlash, economic boycotts, and a legal challenge from the ACLU and Lambda Legal forced legislators to rewrite House Bill 2, the notorious 2016 law that targeted transgender people for discrimination and prevented state and local governments from extending nondiscrimination protections to LGBTQ people.

Unfortunately, the rewrite, H.B. 142, was nothing more than an effort to sidestep criticism, avoid political retaliation, and get back in the good graces of big business and sports organizations. The new language of H.B. 142 created uncertainty about whether transgender people are subject to criminal or other penalties if they use restrooms and other facilities in public spaces. H.B. 2 blocked cities and counties from being able to pass policies that protected LGBTQ people from being discriminated against at their job or when they enter businesses open to the public, like hotels or restaurants. Under H.B. 142, they can’t pass those protections until December 2020. Although numerous bills were proposed that would have cleanly repealed H.B. 2 and returned North Carolina to the pre-H.B. 2 landscape, none passed either chamber. Instead, legislators passed a bill that perpetuated anti- LGBTQ discrimination.

3 VOTING RIGHTS House Bill 1092: “Voter ID Constitutional Amendment” ACLU position: Opposed Status: Became law, will appear on November 2018 ballot

This bill placed a constitutional amendment on the November 2018 ballot that, if approved by voters, will require North Carolinians to show a photo ID in order to cast a ballot in future elections. State lawmakers will get to decide which types of IDs would be allowed and what exceptions, if any, would be granted.

The last time the General Assembly tried to enact a voter ID law, in 2013, a federal court struck it down as unconstitutional, finding that legislators had written the law with “discriminatory intent” and targeted Black voters “with almost surgical precision.” The law allowed forms of ID disproportionately used by white voters, but not those disproportionately used by Black voters.

State records show that there are hundreds of thousands of qualified voters—particularly those who are Black, rural, working class, transgender, disabled, or elderly — who lack or face challenges to getting a DMV-issued ID.

If this amendment is approved by voters, North Carolina would have the most extreme voter ID law in the country, and would be the second state — after Mississippi — to enshrine that law in the state's constitution.

The ACLU of North Carolina believes that lawmakers with a history of voter suppression should not be given a blank check to rewrite our laws in a way that will place hurdles in front of eligible voters, silence their voices, and undermine a fundamental right.

4 VOTING RIGHTS Senate Bill 325: “The Uniform and Expanded Early Voting Act” ACLU position: Opposed Status: Became law after governor’s veto was overridden

Despite its title, this bill actually limited early voting options for North Carolinians. It eliminated the popular last Saturday* of early voting, when more than 100,000 voters and a disproportionate number of Black voters have historically cast their ballots. It also made it more difficult for local elections officials to keep more early voting sites open by requiring that every early voting site must be open for 17 days and have uniform 12-hour days. Many smaller counties with smaller budgets have relied on previously allowed flexibility to open satellite sites only part-time, when demand for them is highest, because it’s a cost-effective way to make voting accessible to more rural residents, those with disabilities, and those without transportation.

*A subsequent bill that became law restored the last Saturday of early voting for the 2018 elections.

5 PRIVACY RIGHTS Senate Bill 616: “Heroin and Opioid Prevention and Enforcement Act” ACLU position: Opposed Status: Became law, signed by the governor

S.B. 616 gives local law enforcement sweeping, unprecedented power to look through a person’s entire history of prescription drug use at the pharmacy if they are under investigation for any drug crime, even possessing a tiny amount of any controlled substance. It also eliminates the requirement for law enforcement to obtain a court order, a crucial protection for our constitutional right against unreasonable searches and seizures, before searching someone’s prescription records in the state’s Controlled Substance Reporting Database.

When devising strategies to address our state’s opioid crisis, lawmakers should focus on public health solutions endorsed by the medical and treatment communities. Giving law enforcement officers more power to violate people’s privacy rights and trample on our civil liberties is never the answer to a public health crisis.

6 JUVENILE JUSTICE REFORM House Bill 280: “Juvenile Justice Reinvestment Act” ACLU position: Supported Status: Passed by the House, became law as part of state budget

North Carolina was, until this year, the last remaining state in the nation to treat every 16- and 17-year-old charged with a crime as an adult. This 100-year-old policy meant that young people charged with even minor offenses, like shoplifting, would face adult sentences, be housed in adult jails, and face a lifetime of consequences.

After years of advocacy by the ACLU-NC and others, the General Assembly finally “raised the age” of juvenile jurisdiction so that, beginning in December 2019, 16- and 17-year-olds charged with misdemeanors and low-level felonies will no longer be automatically treated as adults in the criminal justice system. This hard-fought victory was achieved after more than a decade of advocacy by the ACLU-NC and partner organizations.

Under the new law, most 16- and 17-year-olds charged with a crime will be directed to the juvenile justice system, rather than adult jails, and will receive more effective services and rehabilitative support in a safer environment among their peers. They’ll also avoid the lifetime consequences of a permanent criminal record, which makes it difficult if not impossible to go to college, get a job, find housing, and serve in the military.

7 IMMIGRANTS’ RIGHTS Senate Bill 145: “Government Immigration Compliance” ACLU position: Opposed Status: Passed by the Senate, did not become law

This sweeping anti-immigrant bill would have directed state police to participate in the federal government’s deportation force, punished local governments that enact their own policies related to immigration, and defunded any University of North Carolina institution that limited its role in the enforcement of federal immigration law.

The bill, which was approved by the Senate but not voted on in the House, would specifically have: • Compelled the UNC system to disclose the immigration status of students to law enforcement upon request, a practice that could violate privacy protections in the federal Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act. • Removed the ability of local law enforcement to use local or community IDs to determine a person’s residency or identity. • Required the N.C. Department of Public Safety to enforce federal immigration laws through the 287(g) program, creating the only statewide program of its kind in the country and turning Highway Patrol officers into immigration agents. • Punished local governments that choose to limit their role in the enforcement of federal immigration law. This extreme proposal would trample on people’s rights, spread fear and confusion, waste government resources, and fuel the federal government’s deportation machine. State lawmakers should not be in the business of telling local officials to target and single out undocumented North Carolinians who work, go to school, and contribute to our communities in countless ways.

8 SENATE VOTES

supported the Senator County District HB 142 HB 1092 SB 325 SB 616 SB 145 ACLU-NC’s LGBTQ Voter ID Early Voting Privacy Rights Immigrants’ position Equality Constitutional Rights opposed the Amendment X ACLU-NC’s position Sen. John M. Alexander, Jr. Wake 15 absent (R) X X X X X Ab NV no vote Sen. Alleghany, 45 not applicable (R) Ashe, Avery, N/A Ab Ab Caldwell, X X X Watauga

Sen. Franklin, 18 Ab Ab (R) Wake X X X

Sen. Davie, Iredell, 34 N/A N/A (R) Appointed 8/23/2017 Rowan X X X

Sen. Tamara Barringer Wake 17 Ab (R) X X X X

Sen. Phil Berger Guilford, 26 (R) Rockingham X X X X X

Sen. Dan Bishop Mecklenburg 39 (R) X X X X

Sen. Wake 14 Ab Ab (D) X X

Sen. Danny Earl Britt, Jr. Columbus, 13 Ab (R) Robeson X X X X

Sen. Andrew Brock Davie, Iredell, 34 N/A N/A N/A (R) Resigned 6/30/2017 Rowan X

Sen. Harry Brown Jones, Onslow 6 (R) X X X X X

Sen. Angela R. Bryant Halifax, 4 (D) Resigned 3/18/2018 Nash, Vance, N/A N/A N/A Warren, X Wilson

9 SENATE VOTES

supported the Senator County District HB 142 HB 1092 SB 325 SB 616 SB 145 ACLU-NC’s LGBTQ Voter ID Early Voting Privacy Rights Immigrants’ position Equality Constitutional Rights opposed the Amendment X ACLU-NC’s position Sen. Jay J. Chaudhuri Wake 16 absent (D) X Ab NV no vote Sen. Cumberland, 21 not applicable (D) Hoke X X N/A

Sen. Bill Cook Beaufort, 1 (R) Camden, Currituck, Dare, Gates, X X X X Hyde, Pasquotank, Perquimans

Sen. David L. Curtis Gaston, 44 (R) Resigned 6/30/2018 Iredell, X Ab Ab Ab X Lincoln

Sen. Burke, 46 (R) Cleveland X X X X X

Sen. Don Davis Greene, 5 (D) Lenoir, Pitt, X Wayne

Sen. Jim Davis Cherokee, 50 (R) Clay, Graham, Haywood, X Ab Ab Ab Ab Jackson, Macon, Swain

Sen. Davidson, 33 (R) Montgomery X X X X X

Sen. Buncombe, 48 (R) Henderson, X X X X X Transylvania

10 SENATE VOTES

supported the Senator County District HB 142 HB 1092 SB 325 SB 616 SB 145 ACLU-NC’s LGBTQ Voter ID Early Voting Privacy Rights Immigrants’ position Equality Constitutional Rights opposed the Amendment X ACLU-NC’s position Sen. Milton F. “Toby” Fitch, Jr. Halifax, 4 absent (D) Appointed 3/23/2018 Nash, Vance, Ab N/A Ab N/A Warren, NV no vote Wilson N/A not applicable Sen. Joel D. M. Ford Mecklenburg 38 Ab Ab (D) X

Sen. Valerie P. Foushee Chatham, 23 Ab Ab (D) Orange

Sen. Alamance, 24 (R) Randolph X X X X X

Sen. Gaston 43 (R) X X X X

Sen. Madison, 47 (R) McDowell, Mitchell, Polk, X X X X Rutherford, Yancey

Sen. Johnston, 11 (R) Nash, Wilson X X X X

Sen. Brent Jackson Duplin, 10 (R) Johnston, X X X X X Sampson

Sen. Jeff Jackson Mecklenburg 37 (D) X

Sen. Forsyth, 31 (R) Yadkin X X X X X

Sen. Michael V. Lee New Hanover 9 Ab (R) X X X X

11 SENATE VOTES

supported the Senator County District HB 142 HB 1092 SB 325 SB 616 SB 145 ACLU-NC’s LGBTQ Voter ID Early Voting Privacy Rights Immigrants’ position Equality Constitutional Rights opposed the Amendment X ACLU-NC’s position Sen. Paul A. Lowe, Jr. Forsyth 32 absent (D) X X Ab NV no vote Sen. Tom McInnis Anson, 25 not applicable (R) Richmond, N/A Rowan, X X Ab X X Scotland, Stanly

Sen. Floyd B. McKissick, Jr. Durham, 20 (D) Granville X

Sen. Cumberland 19 Ab (R) X X X

Sen. Cabarrus, 36 (R) Union X X X X X

Sen. Louis Pate Lenoir, Pitt, 7 Ab Ab (R) Wayne X X X

Sen. Ronald J. Rabin Harnett, 12 (R) Johnston, Lee X X X X

Sen. Bladen, 8 (R) Brunswick, New Hanover, X X X X X Pender

Sen. Shirley B. Randleman Stokes, Surry, 30 (R) Wilkes X X X X

Sen. Gladys A. Robinson Guilford 28 Ab (D) X

Sen. Norman W. Sanderson Carteret, 2 (R) Craven, X X X X Pamlico

12 SENATE VOTES

supported the Senator County District HB 142 HB 1092 SB 325 SB 616 SB 145 ACLU-NC’s LGBTQ Voter ID Early Voting Privacy Rights Immigrants’ position Equality Constitutional Rights opposed the Amendment X ACLU-NC’s position Sen. Erica D. Smith Bertie, 3 absent (D) Chowan, Ab Edgecombe, NV no vote Hertford, Ab N/A not applicable Martin, X X Northampton, Tyrrell, Washington

Sen. Mecklenburg 41 Ab (R) X X X

Sen. Jerry W. Tillman Moore, 29 Ab (R) Randolph X X X X

Sen. Tommy Tucker Union 35 (R) X X X X X

Sen. Buncombe 49 (D) X X

Sen. Mecklenburg 40 (D) X X

Sen. Guilford 27 (R) X X X X X

Sen. Andy Wells Alexander, 42 Ab (R) Catawba X X X X

Sen. Mike Woodard Caswell, 22 (D) Durham, X Person

13 HOUSE VOTES

supported the Representative County District HB 142 HB 1092 SB 325 SB 616 HB 280 ACLU-NC’s LGBTQ Voter ID Early Voting Privacy Rights Juvenile position Equality Constitutional Justice opposed the Amendment X ACLU-NC’s position Rep. Catawba 96 Ab absent (R) X X X Ab NV no vote Rep. Wake 41 not applicable (D) X X N/A

Rep. Buncombe 115 (D) X X

Rep. Kelly M. Alexander, Jr. Mecklenburg 107 Ab Ab (D) X X

Rep. Union 69 (R) X X X

Rep. John Autry Mecklenburg 100 (D)

Rep. Wake 49 (D) X

Rep. Mecklenburg 92 (D) X

Rep. Mary Belk Mecklenburg 88 (D) X

Rep. John R. Bell, IV Craven, 10 (R) Greene, X X X X Lenoir, Wayne

Rep. Larry M. Bell Duplin, 21 (D) Sampson, X X Wayne

Rep. MaryAnn Black Durham 29 (D) Appointed 2/15/2017

Rep. Burke 86 Ab Ab (R) 14 HOUSE VOTES

supported the Representative County District HB 142 HB 1092 SB 325 SB 616 HB 280 ACLU-NC’s LGBTQ Voter ID Early Voting Privacy Rights Juvenile position Equality Constitutional Justice opposed the Amendment X ACLU-NC’s position Rep. John M. Blust Guilford 62 NV Ab absent (R) X X Ab NV no vote Rep. James L. Boles, Jr. Moore 52 not applicable (R) X X X X N/A

Rep. Beverly G. Boswell Beaufort, 6 (R) Dare, Hyde, X Ab X Washington

Rep. John R. Bradford, III Mecklenburg 98 Ab Ab (R) X X X

Rep. William Brawley Mecklenburg 103 (R) X X X X

Rep. William D. Brisson Bladen, 22 (R) Johnston, X X X Sampson

Rep. Guilford 60 (D)

Rep. Anson, Union 55 (R) X X X X

Rep. Gaston 109 (R) X X X

Rep. Justin P. Burr Montgomery, 67 (R) Stanly X X X X

Rep. Brunswick, 18 (D) Appointed 2/6/2017 New Hanover X

Rep. Mecklenburg 102 Ab Ab (D) X

15 HOUSE VOTES

supported the Representative County District HB 142 HB 1092 SB 325 SB 616 HB 280 ACLU-NC’s LGBTQ Voter ID Early Voting Privacy Rights Juvenile position Equality Constitutional Justice opposed the Amendment X ACLU-NC’s position Rep. Haywood, 119 absent (R) Jackson, X X X X Ab Swain NV no vote not applicable Rep. George G. Cleveland Onslow 14 N/A Ab (R) X X X

Rep. Jeff Collins Franklin, Nash 25 NV NV (R) X X

Rep. Forsyth 74 (R) X X X

Rep. Cherokee, 120 (R) Clay, Graham, X X X X Macon

Rep. Carla D. Cunningham Mecklenburg 106 Ab (D) X X

Rep. Ted Davis, Jr. New Hanover 19 (R) X X X X

Rep. Duplin, Wayne 4 (R) X X X X

Rep. Josh Dobson Avery, 85 (R) McDowell, X X X Mitchell

Rep. Wake 36 (R) X X X X

Rep. Andy Dulin Mecklenburg 104 (R) X X X X

Rep. Beverly M. Earle Mecklenburg 101 Ab Ab (D) X X

16 HOUSE VOTES

supported the Representative County District HB 142 HB 1092 SB 325 SB 616 HB 280 ACLU-NC’s LGBTQ Voter ID Early Voting Privacy Rights Juvenile position Equality Constitutional Justice opposed the Amendment X ACLU-NC’s position Rep. Alleghany, 94 absent (R) Wilkes X X X X Ab NV no vote Rep. Guilford 61 not applicable (R) X X X X N/A

Rep. Jean Farmer-Butterfield Pitt, Wilson 24 (D) X X

Rep. Susan C. Fisher Buncombe 114 (D) X

Rep. Cumberland 43 (D) X

Rep. Cabarrus, 76 (R) Rowan X X X X

Rep. John A. Fraley Iredell 95 (R) X X X X

Rep. Terry E. Garrison Granville, 32 (D) Vance, Warren X X

Rep. Rosa U. Gill Wake 33 (D) X X

Rep. Hoke, 66 (D) Montgomery, Richmond, X Ab X Robeson, Scotland

Rep. Charles Graham Robeson 47 (D) X X

Rep. George Graham Craven, 12 NV (D) Greene, Lenoir X X

17 HOUSE VOTES

supported the Representative County District HB 142 HB 1092 SB 325 SB 616 HB 280 ACLU-NC’s LGBTQ Voter ID Early Voting Privacy Rights Juvenile position Equality Constitutional Justice opposed the Amendment X ACLU-NC’s position Rep. New Hanover 20 Ab absent (R) X X X Ab NV no vote Rep. Caldwell 87 not applicable (R) X X X N/A

Rep. Duane Hall Wake 11 (D) X

Rep. Rockingham, 91 (R) Stokes X X X

Rep. Edward Hanes, Jr. Forsyth 72 (D) Resigned 8/7/2018 X X

Rep. Guilford 59 (R) X X X X

Rep. Guilford 57 (D)

Rep. Kelly E. Hastings Cleveland, 110 Ab Ab (R) Gaston X X X

Rep. Henderson, 113 (R) Polk, X X X Transylvania

Rep. Wake 38 (D) X

Rep. D. Craig Horn Union 68 (R) X X X X

Rep. Julia C. Howard Davie, Forsyth 79 (R) X X X

Rep. Howard J. Hunter, III Bertie, Gates, 5 (D) Hertford, X X Pasquotank

18 HOUSE VOTES

supported the Representative County District HB 142 HB 1092 SB 325 SB 616 HB 280 ACLU-NC’s LGBTQ Voter ID Early Voting Privacy Rights Juvenile position Equality Constitutional Justice opposed the Amendment X ACLU-NC’s position Rep. Pat B. Hurley Randolph 70 absent (R) X X X Ab NV no vote Rep. Brunswick 17 Ab not applicable (R) X X X N/A

Rep. Verla Insko Orange 56 (D)

Rep. Darren G. Jackson Wake 39 Ab (D) X X

Rep. Wake 40 (D) X

Rep. Linda P. Johnson Cabarrus 83 Ab (R) X X X

Rep. Caswell, 65 Ab (R) Rockingham X X X

Rep. Brenden H. Jones Bladen, 46 (R) Columbus, X X X X Robeson

Rep. Jonathan C. Jordan Ashe, 93 (R) Watauga X X X X

Rep. Forsyth 75 (R) X X X X

Rep. Philip A. Lehman Durham 30 N/A N/A N/A N/A (D) Resigned 3/30/2017

Rep. David R. Lewis Harnett 53 (R) X X X X

Rep. Marvin W. Lucas Cumberland 42 (D) X X

19 HOUSE VOTES

supported the Representative County District HB 142 HB 1092 SB 325 SB 616 HB 280 ACLU-NC’s LGBTQ Voter ID Early Voting Privacy Rights Juvenile position Equality Constitutional Justice opposed the Amendment X ACLU-NC’s position Rep. Chris Malone Wake 35 Ab absent (R) X X X Ab NV no vote Rep. Wake 34 not applicable (D) N/A

Rep. Susan Martin Pitt, Wilson 8 Ab (R) X X X

Rep. Pat McElraft Carteret, 13 Ab (R) Jones X X

Rep. Chuck McGrady Henderson 117 (R) X X X X

Rep. Allen McNeill Moore, 78 (R) Randolph X X X

Rep. Graig R. Meyer Durham, 50 (D) Orange X

Rep. Henry M. Michaux, Jr. Durham 31 (D) X X

Rep. Chris Millis Onslow, 16 N/A N/A N/A (R) Resigned 9/15/2017 Pender

Rep. Rodney W. Moore Mecklenburg 99 Ab Ab (D) X

Rep. Tim Moore Cleveland 111 NV (R) X X X X

Rep. Durham 30 N/A (D) Appointed 4/5/2017

Rep. Onslow, 16 N/A N/A (R) Appointed 9/26/2017 Pender X X X

20 HOUSE VOTES

supported the Representative County District HB 142 HB 1092 SB 325 SB 616 HB 280 ACLU-NC’s LGBTQ Voter ID Early Voting Privacy Rights Juvenile position Equality Constitutional Justice opposed the Amendment X ACLU-NC’s position Rep. Gregory F. Murphy, MD Pitt 9 Ab absent (R) X X X Ab NV no vote Rep. Garland E. Pierce Hoke, 48 not applicable (D) Richmond, N/A Robeson, X X Scotland

Rep. Larry G. Pittman Cabarrus 82 (R) X X X

Rep. Larry W. Potts Davidson 81 (R) X X X

Rep. Michele D. Presnell Haywood, 118 (R) Madison, X X Yancey

Rep. Amos L. Quick, III Guilford 58 (D)

Rep. Robert T. Reives, II Chatham, Lee 54 (D)

Rep. Bobbie Richardson Franklin, Nash 7 (D) X X

Rep. William O. Richardson Cumberland 44 (D) X

Rep. Alamance 64 (R) X X X X

Rep. David Rogers Burke, 112 (R) Rutherford X X X

Rep. Stephen M. Ross Alamance 63 (R) X X X X

21 HOUSE VOTES

supported the Representative County District HB 142 HB 1092 SB 325 SB 616 HB 280 ACLU-NC’s LGBTQ Voter ID Early Voting Privacy Rights Juvenile position Equality Constitutional Justice opposed the Amendment X ACLU-NC’s position Rep. Lincoln 97 absent (R) X X X X Ab NV no vote Rep. John Sauls Harnett, Lee 51 NV not applicable (R) X X X X N/A

Rep. Mitchell S. Setzer Catawba 89 (R) X X

Rep. Onslow 15 (R) X X X

Rep. Beaufort, 3 (R) Craven, X Pamlico

Rep. Camden, 1 (R) Chowan, Currituck, Pasquotank, X X X Perquimans, Tyrrell

Rep. Sarah Stevens Surry, Wilkes 90 (R) X X X X X

Rep. Mecklenburg 105 Ab (R) X X X

Rep. Larry C. Strickland Johnston 28 (R) X X X

Rep. Cumberland 45 Ab (R) X X X X

Rep. Forsyth 71 (D) X

22 HOUSE VOTES

supported the Representative County District HB 142 HB 1092 SB 325 SB 616 HB 280 ACLU-NC’s LGBTQ Voter ID Early Voting Privacy Rights Juvenile position Equality Constitutional Justice opposed the Amendment X ACLU-NC’s position Rep. John A. Torbett Gaston 108 absent (R) X X X Ab NV no vote Rep. Brian Turner Buncombe 116 not applicable (D) X N/A

Rep. Rena W. Turner Iredell 84 (R) X X X

Rep. Harry Warren Rowan 77 (R) X X

Rep. Davidson 80 Ab (R) X X

Rep. Donna McDowell White Johnston 26 (R) X X X

Rep. Wake 37 Ab (R) X X X

Rep. Edgecombe, 23 (D) Martin X X

Rep. Michael H. Wray Halifax, 27 (D) Northampton X X

Rep. Granville, 2 (R) Person X X X X

Rep. Alexander, 73 Ab (R) Wilkes, Yadkin X X

23