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Creation of 3D Models of Objects Using Alternative Applications

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Creation of 3D Models of Objects Using Alternative Applications Creation of 3D models of objects using alternative applications Master Thesis Study programme: N2301 Mechanical Engineering Study branch: Machines and Equipment Design Author: Akhilesh Ashokkumar Thesis Supervisors: Ing. Radomír Mendřický, Ph.D. Department of Manufacturing Systems and Automation Liberec 2021 Master Thesis Assignment Form Creation of 3D models of objects using alternative applications Name and surname: Akhilesh Ashokkumar Identification number: S19000362 Study programme: N2301 Mechanical Engineering Study branch: Machines and Equipment Design Assigning department: Department of Manufacturing Systems and Automation Academic year: 2020/2021 Rules for Elaboration: The main goal of this thesis will be to make a practical comparison of professional systems for 3D digitization and alternative approaches and applications for creating 3D models. Recommended methods for elaboration: 1. Become familiar with the laboratory equipment needed to implement the practical part of the thesis (contactless 3D scanners, software for 3D digitization) and the principles of 3D digitization. 2. Research of works on a similar topic – an overview of the current state of knowledge (will be part of the theoretical part of the thesis). Research of available alternative applications and tools for creating 3D models (eg SW 123Catch, AgiSoft-PhotoScan, cheap hobby scanners, mobile applications). 3. Formulation of the solved problem and its analysis, proposal of a methodical approach to the solution. 4. Design of suitable models for digitization, practical implementation of experiments (digitization of models using individual systems and applications). 5. Processing and evaluation of obtained data. Analysis and interpretation of results, comparison of individual variants according to various criteria (quality and accuracy of the model, affordability, area of ​​use, time consuming). Discussion, conclusion. 6. Prepare paper on this topic for publication in a technical journal or conference. Scope of Graphic Work: according to need Scope of Report: about 60 pages Thesis Form: printed/electronic Thesis Language: English List of Specialised Literature: [1] ZHANG, S. Handbook of 3D Machine Vision: Optical Metrology and Imaging. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2013. ISBN: 978-1-4398-7219-2. [2] GOM MbH. GOM Software 2018: Inspection Basic. Braunschweig (Germany): GOM MbH, 2018. [3] GOM MbH. Atos III Triple Scan, User manual – Hardware. Braunschweig (Germany): GOM MbH, 2017. [4] Agisoft LLC. Agisoft PhotoScan User Manual, Professional Edition, 2014. [5] BARBERO, Basilio Ramos a Elena Santos URETA. Comparative study of different digitization techniques and their accuracy. Computer-Aided Design [online]. 2011, 43(2), 188–206. ISSN 0010-4485. DOI:10.1016/j.cad.2010.11.005 Thesis Supervisors: Ing. Radomír Mendřický, Ph.D. Department of Manufacturing Systems and Automation Date of Thesis Assignment: November 19, 2020 Date of Thesis Submission: May 19, 2022 L.S. prof. Dr. Ing. Petr Lenfeld Ing. Petr Zelený, Ph.D. Dean Head of Department Liberec March 5, 2020 Declaration I hereby certify, I, myself, have written my master thesis as an original and primary work using the literature listed below and consulting it with my thesis supervisor and my thesis counsellor. I acknowledge that my bachelor master thesis is fully governed by Act No. 121/2000 Coll., the Copyright Act, in particular Article 60 – School Work. I acknowledge that the Technical University of Liberec does not infringe my copyrights by using my master thesis for internal purposes of the Tech- nical University of Liberec. I am aware of my obligation to inform the Technical University of Liberec on having used or granted license to use the results of my master thesis; in such a case the Technical University of Liberec may require reimbursement of the costs incurred for creating the result up to their actual amount. At the same time, I honestly declare that the text of the printed version of my master thesis is identical with the text of the electronic version up- loaded into the IS/STAG. I acknowledge that the Technical University of Liberec will make my master thesis public in accordance with paragraph 47b of Act No. 111/1998 Coll., on Higher Education Institutions and on Amendment to Other Acts (the Higher Education Act), as amended. I am aware of the consequences which may under the Higher Education Act result from a breach of this declaration. May 26, 2021 Akhilesh Ashokkumar ACKNOWLEDGEMENT With immense gratitude, I acknowledge the support of my University for providing me with this great opportunity to develop my engineering skills and knowledge in profound manner while accomplishing this in my Diploma Thesis and help me further the importance in Machines and Equipment Design. Firstly, I cordially thank Ing. Radomir Mendricky, Ph.D., the supervisor of this diploma thesis, for his professional guidance, encouragement and good advices all along the thesis. His proficiency in guiding the direction of the thesis contributed for the betterment of the thesis. I would like to thank our Head of the Department Ing. Petr Zelený Ph.D., who has been a great support in all ways for my advancement professionally. Furthermore, I thank Ing. Petr Keller, Ph.D., for providing guidance in thesis writing. I am grateful to thank my entire department staffs of The Department of Manufacturing Systems and Automation at the Technical university of Liberec for providing me the support I required, which gave me the opportunity to proceed freely with this work. Finally, I am thankful to my whole family and friends for all their support, patience and encouragement throughout my studies. This work was partly supported by the Student Grant Competition of the Technical University of Liberec under the project Optimization of manufacturing systems, 3D technologies and automation No. SGS-2019-5011. 1 ABSTRACT The main goal of the thesis is to compare the physical systems for 3D digitization with Photogrammetry software available in the market. Other important component taken into consideration is the type of cameras. Due to widely available cameras a critical comparison with Professional camera and mobile camera were considered. This study aims on identifying the suitable software and camera sensor for achieving a complete and accurate model. The model output from Photogrammetry Software is analyzed with the output from the ATOS Triple Scan system. To asses the Photogrammetry Software different available software in the market were taken into study and from that a feasible number were considered. Two open- source and two paid software were taken into this study. Nikon D500, Canon IXUS 220HS, iPhone 12 Pro camera were utilised to capture the images and corresponding 3D models were generated. In the end, a study based on the results from each software were computed and the best software from the four which has a good output as close to Optical Scan were shown. 3D printed models from the images generated from iPhone camera for the four photogrammetry software and ATOS Triple Scan were done. Keywords: Photogrammetry, 3D Reconstruction, point cloud, 3D Scanning, Accuracy ABSTRAKT Hlavním cílem práce bylo porovnat profesionální systémy pro 3D digitalizaci objektů (tzv. 3D skenery) se softwary, které pro tvorbu modelu využívají principu fotogrammetrie. Jedním z hodnocených kritérií byl i typ použitého fotoaparátu, přičemž bylo provedeno srovnání s profesionální kamerou a kamerou mobilního telefonu. Práce si klade za cíl identifikovat vhodný software a kamerový senzor pro dosažení úplného a přesného modelu. Výstupní modely „fotogrammetrického“ softwaru byly porovnány s výstupem ze skenovacího systému ATOS III Triple Scan. Byla provedena rešerše softwarů dostupných na trhu, přičemž pro podrobnou analýzu byly vybrány čtyři softwary - dva open-source a dva placené. K zachycení snímků byly použity fotoaparáty Nikon D500, Canon IXUS 220HS, iPhone 12 Pro. V závěru byly vypočítány průměrné a maximální odchylky od referenčního modelu a byl ukázán nejlepší software, který má dobré výstupy - nejblíže optickému skenování. Pro vizualizaci kvality vypočítaných modelů jednotlivých softwarů byly pro fotoaparát iPhone a pro model vzniklý 3D skenováním vyrobeny fyzické kopie modelů metodou 3D tisku. Klíčová slova: Fotogrammetrie, 3D rekonstrukce, Mračno bodů, 3D skenování, Přesnsot 6 Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ 9 List of Tables ........................................................................................................................... 11 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 12 1.1 Brief Introduction to Photogrammetry........................................................................... 13 1.2 Classification in Photogrammetry.................................................................................. 14 1.3 Review of previous work in relation with Photogrammetry .......................................... 15 1.4 Parameters needed to evaluate 3D Reconstruction Software ........................................ 19 1.5 Camera Sensors .............................................................................................................. 19 1.6 Some of the Photogrammetry Software ......................................................................... 21 1.7 Factors Affecting the Photogrammetry Accuracy
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